The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines
Chapter 2: Śāriputra

At that time, when the Blessed One thus understood that the world‍—with its gods, demons, and Brahmā deities, with its virtuous ascetics and brahmin priests, and with its many gods, humans, and asuras‍—had assembled, and that those many bodhisattva great beings who were mainly crown princes had assembled, he said to the venerable Śāradvatīputra, “Here, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to fully awaken to all phenomena in all their aspects should persevere in the perfection of wisdom.”

The venerable Śāradvatīputra then asked the Blessed One, “Blessed Lord, how should bodhisattva great beings [F.36.b] who want to fully awaken to all phenomena in all their aspects persevere in the perfection of wisdom?”

The venerable Śāradvatīputra having thus inquired, the Blessed One said to him, “Śāradvatīputra, here bodhisattva great beings should stay in the perfection of wisdom without there being any place to stay. That is, they should perfect the perfection of generosity without there being any giving up, since93 no gift, giver, or recipient is apprehended. They should perfect the perfection of ethical discipline, since there are no downfalls or nondownfalls to be committed. They should perfect the perfection of tolerance, since there is no disturbance. They should perfect the perfection of perseverance, since there is no weakening of physical or mental effort. They should perfect the perfection of meditative concentration, since disturbance and false imagination do not exist.94 They should perfect the perfection of wisdom, since no phenomena are apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four applications of mindfulness, since the applications of mindfulness are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four correct exertions, since the correct exertions are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four supports for miraculous ability, [F.37.a] since the supports for miraculous ability are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the five faculties, since the faculties are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the five powers, since the powers are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the seven branches of enlightenment, since the branches of enlightenment are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the noble eightfold path, since the path is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the emptiness meditative stability, since emptiness is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the signlessness meditative stability, since signlessness is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the wishlessness meditative stability, since wishlessness is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four meditative concentrations, since a meditative concentration is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, [F.37.b] bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four immeasurable attitudes, since an immeasurable attitude is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four formless absorptions, since formlessness is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the eight liberations, since a liberation is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the nine serial steps of meditative absorption, since a serial step is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the five extrasensory powers, since an extrasensory power is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the nine perceptions. Thus, they should cultivate the perception of a bloated corpse, since a bloated corpse is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of a worm-infested corpse, since a worm-infested corpse is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of a putrefied corpse, since a putrefied corpse is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, [F.38.a] abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of a bloodied corpse, since a bloodied corpse is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of a black-and-blue corpse, since a black-and-blue corpse is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of a chewed-up corpse, since a chewed-up corpse is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of a dismembered corpse, since a dismembered corpse is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of bones, since bones are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of an immolated corpse, since an immolated corpse is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of the unpleasantness of food, since unpleasantness is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of the Buddha, since the Buddha is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of the Dharma, since the Dharma is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, [F.38.b] should cultivate mindfulness of the Saṅgha, since the Saṅgha is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of ethical discipline, since ethical discipline is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of giving away, since giving away is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of the gods, since the gods are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of the inhalation and exhalation of breath, since breathing is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of disillusionment,95 since disillusionment is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of death, since death is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate mindfulness of the body, since a body is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of impermanence, since impermanence is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of suffering, since suffering is not apprehended. [F.39.a] Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of nonself, since nonself is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of unattractiveness, since unattractiveness is not apprehended.96 Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception of death, since death is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception that there is nothing delightful in the entire world, since there being nothing delightful is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the perception that there is nothing reliable in the entire world, since there being nothing reliable is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of suffering, since suffering is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of the origin, since the origin is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of the cessation, since the cessation is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of the path, [F.39.b] since the path is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of the extinction of contaminants, since extinction is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge that contaminants will not arise again, since not arising is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of phenomena, since phenomena are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of nonduality, since nonduality is not apprehended.97 Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of the conventional, since the conventional is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the knowledge of mastery, since mastery is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate knowledge in accord with sound, since accord with sound is not apprehended.98

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the meditative stability with an initial mental application and with a sustained mental application,99 since an initial mental application and a sustained mental application are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the meditative stability without an initial mental application but with just a sustained mental application, [F.40.a] since being without an initial mental application but with a sustained mental application is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should cultivate the meditative stability without an initial mental application and without a sustained mental application, since being without an initial mental application and without a sustained mental application is not apprehended.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the faculty of coming to fully understand what has not been fully understood,100 since the faculty of coming to fully understand is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the faculty of understanding all, since understanding all is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the faculty of knowing that one has fully understood, since the faculty of knowing that one has fully understood is not apprehended.101

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the stations of mastery, since a station of mastery is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the stations of complete suffusion, since a station of complete suffusion is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four ways to gather a retinue, since a way to gather a retinue is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva [F.40.b] great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four presentations, since a presentation is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the ten levels, since a level is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the ten modes of conduct, since a mode of conduct is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the ten tolerances, since tolerance is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the twenty higher aspirations, since a higher aspiration is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the wisdom of an omniscient one, since the wisdom of an omniscient one is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the knowing of stilling and higher insight, since the knowing of stilling and higher insight is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the three knowledges, since knowledge is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four kinds of exact knowledge, since exact knowledge is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, [F.41.a] bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the four fearlessnesses, since fearlessness is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the five undiminished extrasensory powers, since the undiminished is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the six perfections, since a perfection is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the six principles of being liked, since being liked is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the seven riches, since riches are not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the eight ways great persons think, since a way of thinking is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the nine states of beings, since a state of being is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the ten powers of the tathāgatas, since a power of a tathāgata is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas, since a distinct quality of a buddha is not apprehended. [F.41.b] Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect great loving kindness, since great loving kindness is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect great compassion, since great compassion is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect great empathetic joy, since great empathetic joy is not apprehended. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings, abiding in the perfection of wisdom, should perfect great equanimity, since great equanimity is not apprehended.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to fully awaken to the wisdom, furnished with the best of all aspects, of an omniscient one102 should persevere in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to perfect knowledge of the aspects of the path should persevere in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to perfect knowledge of all the dharmas should persevere in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to perfect knowledge of the aspects of all beings’ minds, their behavior, and their knowledge103 should persevere in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to abandon all the propensities for afflicted mental states that cause linking up104 [F.42.a] should persevere in the perfection of wisdom.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to enter a bodhisattva’s maturity should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to know the level of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to transcend the level of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to remain at the level at which progress is irreversible should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the six105 extrasensory powers should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to know all beings’ wavering minds and conduct106 should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass the transcendental knowledge of all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to attain the many dhāraṇī gateways and the gateways of meditative stability should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, all those virtuous roots of all the sons and daughters of good families who are in the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles giving gifts [F.42.b] should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, all those virtuous roots of all the sons and daughters of good families in the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles guarding ethical discipline should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, all those virtuous roots of all the sons and daughters of good families who are in the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles cultivating tolerance should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, all those virtuous roots of all the sons and daughters of good families who are in the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles applying perseverance should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, all those virtuous roots of all the sons and daughters of good families who are in the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles becoming absorbed in meditative concentration should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, all those virtuous roots of all the sons and daughters of good families who are in the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles cultivating [F.43.a] the perfection of wisdom should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, the ethical discipline, meditative stability, wisdom, liberation, and knowledge and seeing of liberation of all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to surpass, by a single setting of the mind on enlightenment, together with rejoicing in them, the meditative concentrations, liberations, meditative stabilities, and meditative absorptions of all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who have offered even a small gift for the benefit of all beings, thinking, ‘How, through dedication by skillful means to all-aspect omniscience, will it become immeasurable, countless, and inestimable?’ should train in the perfection of wisdom.107 Bodhisattva great beings who have maintained even a little ethical discipline for the benefit of all beings, thinking, ‘How, through dedication by skillful means to all-aspect omniscience, will it become immeasurable, countless, and inestimable?’ should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who have cultivated even a little tolerance for the benefit of all beings, thinking, ‘How, through dedication by skillful means to all-aspect omniscience, will it become immeasurable, countless, and inestimable?’ [F.43.b] should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who have applied even a little perseverance for the benefit of all beings, thinking, ‘How, through dedication by skillful means to all-aspect omniscience, will it become immeasurable, countless, and inestimable?’ should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who have become absorbed even in a little meditative concentration for the benefit of all beings, thinking, ‘How, through dedication by skillful means to all-aspect omniscience, will it become immeasurable, countless, and inestimable?’ should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who have cultivated even a little wisdom for the benefit of all beings, thinking, ‘How, through dedication by skillful means to all-aspect omniscience, will it become immeasurable, countless, and inestimable?’ should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the perfection of generosity and want to perfect the perfection of generosity should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to practice the perfection of ethical discipline and want to perfect the perfection of ethical discipline should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to practice the perfection of tolerance and want to perfect the perfection of tolerance should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to practice the perfection of perseverance and want to perfect the perfection of perseverance [F.44.a] should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to abide108 in the perfection of meditative concentration and want to perfect the perfection of meditative concentration should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to practice the perfection of wisdom and want to perfect the perfection of wisdom should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings have set their minds on it, thinking, ‘How will I behold the body of the buddhas in all my lives? How will I be encouraged by the buddhas? How will I be kept in mind by the buddhas? How will I please the buddhas? How will I be mentored by the buddhas?’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to acquire the body of the buddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to attain the thirty-two major marks of a great person should train [F.44.b] in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to attain the eighty minor signs should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want throughout all their lives to recall their succession of former lives should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to attain the state where the mind of enlightenment is not given up should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to attain the state where the conduct of the bodhisattvas is not spoiled should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to forsake all evil friends and all evil associates should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to serve and respect all the buddhas and bodhisattvas who are virtuous spiritual mentors should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to defeat Māra and all the gods belonging to the māra class should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to purify all obscurations should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to attain the state where one is unobscured with respect to all phenomena [F.45.a] should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish the lineage of the bodhisattvas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish the lineage of the buddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to maintain the lineage of the Three Precious Jewels without interruption should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to attain the level of a crown prince should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want never to be separated from all the buddhas and bodhisattvas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond the level of the bodhisattvas should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to swiftly complete the level of the tathāgatas should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who would like to be richly endowed with those virtuous roots and aspects with which they might serve, respect, honor, and worship [F.45.b] the blessed lord buddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to delight all beings should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to fulfill the aspirations of all beings should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think that they should satisfy all beings with all necessities and enjoyments such as food, drink, clothing, ornaments, flowers, incense, perfume,109 garlands, unguents, powders,110 bedding, seats, dwellings, treatments for medical conditions, the requisites, riches, grains, finery, jewels, gems, beryl, conch shells, quartz, corals, pure gold, silver, orchards, and kingdoms and so on, they too should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all beings, as many as there are in the world systems of all the directions, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the path of the ten virtuous actions, and who want to establish them in the four meditative concentrations, the four immeasurable attitudes, the five extrasensory powers, going for refuge to the Three Jewels, and devotion to the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha‍—they should train in the perfection of wisdom.111

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings [F.46.a] who want to bring into the Great Vehicle all beings in worlds as vast as the realm of phenomena and as far-reaching as the element of space,112 who want to establish them in the perfection of generosity, who want to establish them in the perfection of ethical discipline, who want to establish them in the perfection of tolerance, who want to establish them in the perfection of perseverance, who want to establish them in the perfection of meditative concentration, and who want to establish them in the perfection of wisdom, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to render even a single virtuous setting of the mind on enlightenment inexhaustible up until when they are on the seat of enlightenment113 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings [F.46.b] who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom. [F.47.a] Bodhisattva great beings who are eager for all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are in the world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, to praise their qualities should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought,114 want to journey to all those buddhafields of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. [F.47.b] Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who, with a single thought, want to journey to all those buddhafields in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, [F.48.a] by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want, by giving voice to a single sound, to make themselves heard in all those buddhafields in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings [F.48.b] who want to remain so that the arising of buddhas continues without interruption should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to protect the lineage of a bodhisattva should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to remain so that the lineage of a buddha continues without interruption should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of internal phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of external phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of external and internal phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of emptiness should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of great extent should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of ultimate reality should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of conditioned phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell [F.49.a] in the emptiness of the unlimited should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of nonexclusion should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of inherent nature should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of all phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of nonentities should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of essential nature should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to dwell in the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the referential, the predominant, the immediately preceding, and the causal conditions should train in the perfection of wisdom. [F.49.b]

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the aspect and defining characteristic should train in the perfection of wisdom.115

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the real nature of all phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the unmistaken real nature should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the one and only real nature should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the unchanging real nature should train in the perfection of wisdom. Bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the genuine, definitive real nature should train in the perfection of wisdom.116

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the realm of phenomena with respect to all phenomena117 should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the very limit of reality with respect to all phenomena118 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to know all the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, as numerous as they are, in the great billionfold world system should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to lift up [F.50.a] on the tip of a filament that is one hundredth of the width of a strand of hair all the masses of water in oceans, rivers, big rivers, little rivers, pools, lakes, ponds, and marsh lands in the great billionfold world system, and at the same time not harm the creatures inhabiting them, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to blow out with one puff of breath those masses of fire, as many as there are, in the great billionfold world system‍—such a blaze as, to illustrate, one like the eon’s conflagration when all of them have burst into a single blazing flame‍—should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want with a single fingertip to cover completely and suppress the great eon-annihilating tornado of all the revolving winds, as many as there are, in the great billionfold world system, that blows away, scatters, and destroys this great billionfold world system as if it were just a handful of chaff, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want their single cross-legged posture to expand into and fill up the entire element of space of the great billionfold world system, whatever its measure, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, even when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘I should bundle and lift up the axial mountain Sumeru, [F.50.b] the encircling mountain ranges, the great encircling mountain ranges‍—all of them, as many as there are in the great billionfold world system‍—with a single strand of hair and hurl them into a countless number of an inestimable number119 of world systems,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to understand in terms of minute atomic particles all the many trees, grasses, bushes, medicinal plants,120 and woodlands, as well as the masses of rocks, stones, baked clay, mountains, and great earth121 in the great billionfold world system should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, [F.51.a] and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, [F.51.b] should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, [F.52.a] numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, [F.52.b] a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want with a single alms bowl to distribute food to all the blessed lord buddhas who reside in the world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, along with their assemblies of bodhisattvas and communities of śrāvakas, and similarly who want to serve, want to respect, want to honor, and want to worship them with a single flower, a single garland, a single perfume, a single unguent, a single powder, a single robe, a single ornament, a single parasol, a single victory banner, or a single flag, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, [F.53.a] want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, [F.53.b] want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the [F.54.a] aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, [F.54.b] want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish [F.55.a] all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all the beings, as many as are residing in the world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, in the aggregate of ethical discipline, want to establish them in the aggregate of meditative stability, want to establish them in the aggregate of wisdom, want to establish them in the aggregate of liberation, and want to establish them in the aggregate of the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and who want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, want to establish them in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, want to establish them in all-aspect omniscience, [F.55.b] and want to establish them in the expanse of nirvāṇa where there is no residue of the aggregates, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to lead all beings, as many as there are in all the world systems of the ten directions, to final nirvāṇa by means of the Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles and by means of the Great Vehicle, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom and engage in acts of generosity, they should train accordingly. They should train such that122 when they give their gifts in that way, there will be a great result. When they give their gifts in that way, they will be born in great and lofty royal families. When they give their gifts in that way, they will be born in great and lofty priestly families. When they give their gifts in that way, they will be born in great and lofty householder families. When they give their gifts in that way, based just123 on giving those gifts, they will be born among the gods of the Cāturmahārājika realm. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will be born among the gods of Trayastriṃśa realm. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will be born among the gods of the Yāma realm. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will be born among the gods of the Tuṣita realm. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will be born among the gods of the Nirmāṇarati realm. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will be born among the gods of the Paranirmitavaśavartin realm.

“When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the first meditative concentration will emerge.124 When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the second meditative concentration will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, [F.56.a] based just on giving those gifts, the third meditative concentration will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the fourth meditative concentration will emerge.

“When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will become absorbed in the meditative absorption of the sphere of infinite space. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will become absorbed in the meditative absorption of the sphere of infinite consciousness. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will become absorbed in the meditative absorption of the sphere of nothing-at-all. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will become absorbed in the meditative absorption of the sphere of neither perception nor nonperception.

“When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the four applications of mindfulness will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the four correct exertions will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the four supports for miraculous ability will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the five faculties will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the five powers will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the seven branches of enlightenment will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the noble eightfold path will emerge.

“When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, the emptiness, the signlessness, and the wishlessness gateways to liberation will emerge. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will attain the fruit of having entered the stream. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will attain the fruit of once-returner. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will attain the fruit of non-returner. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will attain arhatship. When they give their gifts in that way, [F.56.b] based just on giving those gifts, they will attain individual enlightenment. When they give their gifts in that way, based just on giving those gifts, they will attain unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they understand well that when they have given their gifts like that with skillful means, they perfect the perfection of generosity. When they have given their gifts like that, they perfect the perfection of ethical discipline. When they have given their gifts like that, they perfect the perfection of tolerance. When they have given their gifts like that, they perfect the perfection of perseverance. When they have given their gifts like that, they perfect the perfection of meditative concentration. And when they have given their gifts like that, they perfect the perfection of wisdom.” [B4]

The venerable Śāradvatīputra then asked the Blessed One, “Blessed Lord, how do bodhisattva great beings, when they give their gifts, perfect the perfection of generosity? How, Blessed Lord, do bodhisattva great beings, when they carefully maintain ethical discipline, perfect the perfection of ethical discipline? How, Blessed Lord, do bodhisattva great beings, when they cultivate tolerance, perfect the perfection of tolerance? How, Blessed Lord, do bodhisattva great beings, [F.57.a] when they undertake perseverance, perfect the perfection of perseverance? How, Blessed Lord, do bodhisattva great beings, when they become absorbed in meditative concentration, perfect the perfection of meditative concentration? And how, Blessed Lord, do bodhisattva great beings, when they cultivate wisdom, perfect the perfection of wisdom?”

The Blessed One replied, “Śāradvatīputra, the perfection of generosity is perfected through purity with respect to the three spheres, by way of not apprehending a gift, a giver, or a recipient. Similarly, the perfection of ethical discipline is perfected since there are no rules to break or rules to keep; the perfection of tolerance is perfected since there is no disturbance; the perfection of perseverance is perfected since there is no weakening of physical or mental effort; the perfection of meditative concentration is perfected since there is no disturbance or thought; and the perfection of wisdom is perfected by knowing all phenomena without apprehending anything.125

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to know and who want to acquire all the buddha-attributes126 of the blessed lord buddhas of the past, future, and present should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond [F.57.b] conditioned and unconditioned phenomena127 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond contaminated and uncontaminated phenomena128 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond virtuous and nonvirtuous phenomena129 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond mundane and supramundane phenomena130 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond material and immaterial phenomena131 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond determinate and indeterminate phenomena132 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond phenomena that are certain and that are not certain133 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond phenomena to do with escaping and not escaping134 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond phenomena that aid getting worse and that aid getting better135 should train in [F.58.a] the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond the phenomena of ordinary people and the attributes136 of the noble ones137 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond the phenomena of those learning and the attributes of those with no more to learn138 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond the attributes of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas139 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond the attributes of bodhisattvas and the attributes of buddhas140 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to go beyond all phenomena141 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to comprehend the real nature of all past, future, and present phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to reach the very limit of nonarising with respect to all phenomena and who want to realize the very limit of reality of all phenomena should train in the perfection of wisdom.142 Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to have precedence over [F.58.b] all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom.143 Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to serve all the blessed lord buddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom.144 Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to be in the intimate retinue145 of all the blessed lord buddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to have many attendants146 should train in the perfection of wisdom. Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to acquire a retinue of bodhisattvas should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to purify the gifts of all donors should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to have thoughts that are unimpeded with respect to generosity147 should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to abandon thoughts of poor ethical discipline should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to reject the mind that thinks malicious thoughts should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to stop having thoughts of indolence should train in [F.59.a] the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to stop having agitated thoughts should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to stop having intellectually confused thoughts should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all beings in the meritorious foundations that arise from generosity should train in the perfection of wisdom.148

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all beings in the meritorious foundations that arise from ethical discipline should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all beings in the meritorious foundations that arise from meditation should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all beings in the meritorious foundations that arise from service should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to establish all beings in the meritorious foundations that arise from material things should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to develop the five eyes in their entirety should train in the perfection of wisdom. [F.59.b] That is to say, bodhisattva great beings who want to develop the eyes of flesh should train in the perfection of wisdom; bodhisattva great beings who want to develop the eye of divine clairvoyance should train in the perfection of wisdom; bodhisattva great beings who want to develop the eye of wisdom should train in the perfection of wisdom; bodhisattva great beings who want to develop the eye of the Dharma should train in the perfection of wisdom; and bodhisattva great beings who want to develop the eye of the buddhas should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly149 engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances150 of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand in the river Gaṅgā; [F.60.a] who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; [F.60.b]who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom. [F.61.a]

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged, and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged, and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; [F.61.b] who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to behold with their eye of divine clairvoyance all the blessed lord buddhas, as many as there are who reside in the world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā; who want to hear with their ear of divine clairaudience all those doctrines which those blessed lord buddhas are teaching; who want to comprehend with their mind the mind of those blessed lord buddhas; who want to recollect the bodhisattva conduct in which those blessed lord buddhas had formerly engaged; and who want to behold the many types of miraculous abilities and miraculous performances of those blessed lord buddha should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want, through the uninterrupted power and force of recollection, to retain151 all the doctrine that those lord buddhas in all the ten directions are teaching, and who do not want any to be squandered until unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to behold [F.62.a] and want to develop the many buddhafields and purified buddhafields of the blessed lord buddhas of the past, future, and present should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to listen to all the teachings whatsoever of the tathāgatas‍—the discourses, the sayings in prose and verse,152 the prophetic declarations, the verses, the statements made for a purpose,153 the introductions, the accounts, the tales of past lives, the most extensive teachings, the narratives, the established instructions, and the marvelous events‍—and those that have not been heard by śrāvakas or pratyekabuddhas, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the eastern direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want [F.62.b] to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the southern direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the western direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the northern direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the intermediate northeastern direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, [F.63.a] and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the intermediate southeastern direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the intermediate southwestern direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the intermediate northwestern direction have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, [F.63.b] want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the direction of the nadir have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to hear all the teachings whatsoever that all the blessed lord buddhas in the direction of the zenith have spoken, will speak, and are speaking, and who want to take them up, want to retain them, want to recite them, want to comprehend them, want to apply them earnestly and without error, want to teach them extensively to others, and want to teach them in an authentic manner, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want [F.64.a] to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings [F.64.b] who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train [F.65.a] in the perfection of wisdom.

“Bodhisattva great beings who want to illuminate all the spaces in the world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, that are pervaded by a blinding pitch blackness where even the sun and the moon with such great miraculous capacity, such great splendor, and such great power cannot shed light, cannot radiate, and cannot shine, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, [F.65.b] where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings [F.66.a] who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to proclaim the words Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha to all those beings who are in world systems, like those world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, where there are beings who do not hear the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha, [F.66.b] and who want to establish them in right view, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. [F.67.a] Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, [F.67.b] when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, [F.68.a] may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as there are, in the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings think, ‘Through my power may all those beings who are blind, as many as they are, in the world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, see sights with their eyes. Through my miraculous ability and through my power may those who are deaf hear sounds with their ears, may those who have gone mad regain their senses, may those who are naked obtain clothes, may those who are hungry and thirsty obtain food and quench their thirst, may those who are ill recover their health, and may those who are in captivity and in prison become those who do as they please,’ they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“When bodhisattva great beings, thinking, ‘Through my power how will all those beings, as many as there are in all the world systems of each of the ten directions, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, who are in states that lack freedom and have fallen into terrible forms of life in the hells, as animals, or in the world of Yama, [F.68.b] having died there obtain a human body?’ want to establish all those beings in ethical discipline, want to establish them in meditative stability, want to establish them in wisdom, want to establish them in liberation, and want to establish them in the knowledge and seeing of liberation, and want to establish them in the fruit of having entered the stream, want to establish them in the fruit of once-returner, want to establish them in the fruit of non-returner, want to establish them in arhatship, want to establish them in individual enlightenment, and want to establish them in unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who want to train in the tathāgatas’ way of carrying themselves, and who want to train in the tathāgatas’ pure conduct and manner of acting, and in the enlightened activities of the tathāgatas’ body, the enlightened activities of their speech, and the enlightened activities of their mind, which are thoroughly purified and preceded by transcendental knowledge, should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they contemplate like this: ‘How will it come to be that I, having looked down as an elephant looks, teach the doctrine to beings without hindrance?154 How will it come to be that I stretch with the stretch of a lion?155 How will it come to be that I tread with a tread that is not without purpose?156 [F.69.a] How will it come to be that I walk on the earth without my feet touching it, by the measure of four finger-widths? How will it come to be that I place the soles of my feet on thousand-petaled lotuses and proceed without harming the living creatures that are present beneath my feet? How will it come to be that when I walk, I leave an imprint on the great earth with the soles of my feet with their thousand-spoked wheels?157 How will it come to be that I make a complete circumambulation of the entire earth within a dimension just the size of a wheel? How will it come to be that even while I am going out for a walk all over the earth I still will not be sullied by the dust of the earth? How will it come to be that I am not physically and mentally tired even while I go to, and walk through, buddhafields that are one yojana; or two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, or one hundred yojanas; or one thousand yojanas; or a hundred thousand yojanas; or ten million yojanas, a hundred ten million yojanas, a thousand ten million yojanas, or a hundred thousand ten million yojanas; or ten million billion yojanas, a hundred ten million billion yojanas, a thousand ten million billion yojanas, or a hundred thousand ten million billion yojanas; or an aprameya of yojanas, an asaṃkhya of yojanas, an acintya of yojanas, an atulya of yojanas, an ananta of yojanas, an aparyanta of yojanas, an abhāṣya of yojanas, an anabhilāpya158 of yojanas, or an anabhilāpyānabhilāpya of yojanas?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they also contemplate like this: ‘How will I diffuse one hundred thousand of ten million billion rays of light [F.69.b] from the soles of my feet with their thousand-spoked wheels, and, having assuaged all the sufferings of the states lacking freedom and terrible forms of life, secure all beings in happiness?’ While thinking thus, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should contemplate like this: ‘How will it come to be that I, surrounded and attended by the gods of the Cāturmahārājika realm, and many hundred thousand of ten million billion gods of the Trayastriṃśa, Yāma, Tuṣita, Nirmāṇarati, and Paranirmitavaśavartin; Brahmakāyika, Brahmapurohita, Brahma­pārṣadya, and Mahābrahmā; Ābha, Parīttābha, Apramāṇābha, and Ābhāsvara; Śubha, Parīttaśubha, Apramāṇaśubha, and Śubhakṛtsna; Vṛha, Parīttavṛha, Apramāṇavṛha, and Vṛhatphala;159 and Avṛha, Atapa, Sudṛśa, Sudarśana, and Akaniṣṭha realms, approach the foot of the tree160 at the seat of enlightenment?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should contemplate like this: ‘How will it come to be, when I am seated at the foot of the tree at the seat of enlightenment, that the gods of the Cāturmahārājika realm, and many hundred thousand of ten million billion gods of the Trayastriṃśa, Yāma, Tuṣita, Nirmāṇarati, and Paranirmitavaśavartin; Brahmakāyika, Brahmapurohita, Brahma­pārṣadya, and Mahābrahmā; Ābha, Parīttābha, Apramāṇābha, [F.70.a] and Ābhāsvara; Śubha, Parīttaśubha, Apramāṇaśubha, and Śubhakṛtsna; Vṛha, Parīttavṛha, Apramāṇavṛha, and Vṛhatphala;161 and Avṛha, Atapa, Sudṛśa, Sudarśana, and Akaniṣṭha realms spread out a cloth mat for me?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should contemplate like this: ‘How will it come to be that, while seated at the seat of enlightenment, I touch the great earth with my hand excellently adorned with its major marks and absolutely defeat the dark forces of Māra and his minions?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should contemplate like this: ‘How will it come to be that this region of the earth on which I will fully awaken to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, and where I move, stand, sit, and recline, will become all diamond?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should contemplate like this: ‘How will it come to be that on that very day that I go forth I will defeat the dark forces of Māra and his minions and fully awaken, on that very day, to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, and, having fully awakened on that very day, how will it come to be that I will turn [F.70.b] the wheel of the Dharma? How will it come to be that, having turned it, immeasurable and countless beings will be dust-free, which is to say, having become free from stains, their eye of the Dharma will be purified with respect to phenomena? How will it come to be that immeasurable and countless beings stop further grasping, and have minds free from contaminants, and how will it come to be that immeasurable and countless beings will not turn back from unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should set their minds on enlightenment as follows: ‘How will it come to be, when I have fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, that the community of śrāvakas will be immeasurable and countless; that those who attain arhatship in a single sitting through a single teaching of the Dharma are immeasurable and countless; that the bodhisattva great beings do not turn back from unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment; that the community of bodhisattvas will be immeasurable and countless; that the measure of my lifespan will be infinite; and that the boundless light will be endowed with excellence?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should set their minds on enlightenment as follows: ‘When I have fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, how will there come to be not even the sound of the words attachment, aversion, and delusion in that buddhafield?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, [F.71.a] Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should set their minds on enlightenment as follows: ‘When I have fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, how will all beings in my buddhafield have such wisdom that they know “generosity is virtuous, discipline is virtuous, restraint is virtuous, chastity is virtuous, nonviolence with respect to all living creatures is virtuous”?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should set their minds on enlightenment as follows: ‘After I have passed into final nirvāṇa, how will it come to be that there are not even the words disappearance of the good Dharma?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they should contemplate like this: ‘How will it come to be that just from hearing my name multitudes of beings in world systems numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā become settled in unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment?’ And when they think such thoughts, they should train in the perfection of wisdom.

“Śāradvatīputra, at the time bodhisattva great beings practicing the perfection of wisdom accomplish these good qualities, then the Four Great Kings are overjoyed, saying, ‘We too will offer them the alms bowls which the Great Kings of the past offered to the tathāgatas of the past.’ [F.71.b] The gods of the Trayastriṃśa realm are also overjoyed, saying, ‘We will serve and honor them.’ The gods of the Yāma realm are also overjoyed, the gods of the Tuṣita realm are also overjoyed, the gods of the Nirmāṇarati realm are also overjoyed, and the gods of the Paranirmitavaśavartin realm are also overjoyed.

“The gods of the Brahmakāyika realm are also overjoyed, saying, ‘The ranks of the asuras will decline and the ranks of gods will flourish. We will request them, having attained complete buddhahood, to turn the wheel of the Dharma.’ The gods of the Ābhāsvara realm are also overjoyed, the gods of the Śubhakṛtsna realm are also overjoyed, and the gods of the Vṛhatphala realm are also overjoyed. The gods of the Avṛha realm are also overjoyed, the gods of the Atapa realm are also overjoyed, the gods of the Sudṛśa realm are also overjoyed, the gods of the Sudarśana realm are also overjoyed, and the gods of the Akaniṣṭha realm are also overjoyed.

“Śāradvatīputra, at that time when bodhisattva great beings practicing the perfection of wisdom flourish through the six perfections, the sons and daughters of good families in the Bodhisattva Vehicle are also overjoyed, and say, ‘We will become the mother, father, brother, sister, wife, son, daughter, confidant, advisor, relative, companion, and friend of that great being.’

“Also the Four Great Kings and the gods of the Cāturmahārājika realm, [F.72.a] the gods of the Trayastriṃśa realm, the gods of the Yāma realm, the gods of the Tuṣita realm, the gods of the Nirmāṇarati realm, and the gods of the Paranirmitavaśavartin realm; the gods of the Brahmakāyika realm, the gods of the Brahmapurohita realm, the gods of the Brahma­pārṣadya realm, and the gods of the Mahābrahmā realm; the gods of the Ābha realm, the gods of the Parīttābha realm, the gods of the Apramāṇābha realm, and the gods of the Ābhāsvara realm; the gods of the Śubha realm, the gods of the Parīttaśubha realm, the gods of the Apramāṇaśubha realm, and the gods of the Śubhakṛtsna realm; the gods of the Vṛha realm, the gods of the Parīttavṛha realm, the gods of the Apramāṇavṛha realm, and the gods of the Vṛhatphala realm; and the gods of the Avṛha realm, the gods of the Atapa realm, the gods of the Sudṛśa realm, the gods of the Sudarśana realm, and the gods of the Akaniṣṭha gods are overjoyed and say, ‘That bodhisattva great being has given up his entourage of queens.’162

“Still, in order to establish beings in enlightenment these bodhisattvas practice celibacy. They do not engage in any sexual acts. They aspire that they might maintain celibacy from the time when they first begin to set their mind on enlightenment onward, and that they will not be noncelibate.

“If you ask why, it is because the pursuit of sensual pleasures may even interrupt rebirth in the Brahmā worlds, so what need to say it may interrupt unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment! Therefore, having gone forth the bodhisattva great beings will fully awaken to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment just as celibate persons. They will not do so as noncelibate persons.” [B5]

The Blessed One having spoken thus, the venerable Śāradvatīputra then asked him, “Blessed Lord, is it definite that bodhisattva great beings will have a father, a mother, a wife, sons, and daughters? [F.72.b]

“Śāradvatīputra,” replied the Blessed One, “there are some bodhisattva great beings who definitely need to have a father and mother, but who do not need to have sons, daughters, or wives. There are some who definitely need to have a father and mother, and also wives, sons, and daughters.”

“Śāradvatīputra, some bodhisattva great beings take a vow of celibacy from the time when they first begin to set their mind on enlightenment onward, and who live as unmarried persons until they fully awaken to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment. There are some bodhisattva great beings who have engaged in the pleasures of the five senses in order to bring beings to maturity through skillful means. After going forth from their circle of wives they then fully awaken to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment. Śāradvatīputra, some bodhisattva great beings practice the deep perfection of wisdom and, separated from the afflicted mental states of the desire realm, in order to brings beings to maturity, make a show of thoroughly enjoying the five sorts of sense objects, but they do not thoroughly enjoy them with all their heart.

“Śāradvatīputra, if, as an analogy, an illusionist or the apprentice of an illusionist extremely well trained in magical spells and magical techniques were to conjure the five pleasures of the senses, and were then to make a show of dallying with, delighting in, and enjoying those five pleasures of the senses, do you think, Śāradvatīputra, that that illusionist or apprentice of an illusionist would have actually enjoyed the five pleasures of the senses?”

“No, Blessed Lord.” [F.73.a]

“In the same way, Śāradvatīputra,” continued the Blessed One, “bodhisattva great beings who have trained extremely well in the illusion of the Great Vehicle acquire an enjoyment163 of the reality of phenomena as an illusion. Although they are free from all afflicted mental states, in order to bring beings who are to be trained to maturation they make a show of the enjoyment of the pleasures of the senses by the power of their great compassion, but they neither associate with those pleasures nor are they sullied by them.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings speak of the defects of sense pleasures using many descriptive expressions: ‘Sense objects are all ablaze, sense objects are debased, sense objects are murderous, sense objects are inimical, sense objects are aggressive, sense objects are like a brush fire, sense objects are like the deadly kimpāka fruit, sense objects are like holding the blade of a sword, sense objects are like a heap of embers, sense objects are like poisonous leaves, sense objects are like the iron hook used by an elephant trainer, and sense objects are like a cesspit.’

“So it is, Śāradvatīputra, that although bodhisattva great beings are thoroughly cognizant of sense objects, in order that unskilled beings might be brought to maturation, to make them disillusioned with the five sense objects and to separate them from the five sense objects, they demonstrate the five sense objects to them, but without being intoxicated by them, nor being careless, nor engaging in negative actions that have sense objects as their cause and have sense objects as their basis.”

The Blessed One having spoken thus, the venerable Śāradvatīputra then asked him, [F.73.b] “Blessed Lord, how then should bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom?”

The Blessed One replied, “Śāradvatīputra, in this regard, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not observe a bodhisattva. Nor do they observe the term bodhisattva. Nor do they observe the conduct of a bodhisattva. Nor do they observe the perfection of wisdom. Nor do they observe the term perfection of wisdom. Nor do they observe ‘practicing,’ and neither do they observe ‘not practicing,’164 nor do they observe ‘practicing when they practice and not practicing when they do not practice,’ nor even do they observe ‘neither practicing nor not practicing.’ They also do not observe physical forms. Nor do they observe feelings. Nor do they observe perceptions. Nor do they observe formative predispositions. Nor do they observe consciousness.

“If you ask why, Śāradvatīputra, it is because even bodhisattvas are empty of the inherent existence of bodhisattvas. Even the term bodhisattva is empty of the term bodhisattva. If you ask why, it is because such is their inherent nature. It is not owing to emptiness that physical forms are empty,165 nor is emptiness anything other than physical forms. Physical forms are indeed emptiness. Emptiness is indeed physical forms. It is not owing to emptiness that feelings are empty, nor is emptiness anything other than feelings. Feelings are indeed emptiness. [F.74.a] Emptiness is indeed feelings. It is not owing to emptiness that perceptions are empty, nor is emptiness anything other than perceptions. Perceptions are indeed emptiness. Emptiness is indeed perceptions. It is not owing to emptiness that formative predispositions are empty, nor is emptiness anything other than formative predispositions. Formative predispositions are indeed emptiness. Emptiness is indeed formative predispositions. It is not owing to emptiness that consciousness is empty, nor is emptiness anything other than consciousness. Consciousness is indeed emptiness. Emptiness is indeed consciousness. If you ask why, it is because even this ‘enlightenment’ is merely a name. Even this ‘bodhisattva’ is merely a name. Even this ‘emptiness’ is merely a name. Even this ‘physical forms’ is merely a name, even this ‘feelings’ is merely a name, even this ‘perceptions’ is merely a name, even this ‘formative predispositions’ is merely a name, even this ‘consciousness’ is merely a name.

“And that is because physical forms are like an illusion, feelings are like an illusion, perceptions are like an illusion, formative predispositions are like an illusion, and consciousness is like an illusion. Illusions are merely names. They are not located in any direction, nor are they located in any place. The illusions that are seen do not really exist.166 They have not arisen. They are false. They are without inherent existence. They are without essential nature, nonarising, unceasing, not remaining, without increase, without decrease, without defilement, and without purification. Bodhisattva great beings who practice accordingly do not observe any phenomenon that arises.

“They do not observe [F.74.b] anything that ceases. They do not observe anything that remains. They do not observe anything that increases. They do not observe anything that decreases. They do not observe anything that is defiled. They do not observe anything that is purified. They do not observe physical forms. They do not observe feelings. They do not observe perceptions. They do not observe formative predispositions. They do not observe consciousness. They do not even observe anything that is ‘enlightenment’ or ‘a bodhisattva.’ If you ask why, it is because the name of each separate phenomenon is an illusion,167 and from those designations that are unreal names that have adventitiously arisen, the falsely imagined are employed as conventions.168

“Fixation on them169 comes about on the basis of convention. Therefore, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not observe—which is to say, do not apprehend—any phenomena. Since they do not observe and do not apprehend anything, they do not give rise to conceit. They do not become attached to them.170

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they investigate like this: ‘This bodhisattva is a mere name. This enlightenment is a mere name. This buddha is a mere name. This perfection of wisdom is a mere name. This practicing the perfection of wisdom is a mere name. This physical forms is a mere name. [F.75.a] This feelings is a mere name. This perceptions is a mere name. This formative predispositions is a mere name. This consciousness is a mere name.’

“For example, Śāradvatīputra, one conventionally speaks of a self again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitively investigated. One conventionally speaks of a being again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitively investigated. One conventionally speaks of a life form again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of a life again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of an individual again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of a person again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of one born of Manu again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of a child of Manu again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of an agent again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of an instigator of an agent again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of an experiencer again and again [F.75.b] even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of an instigator of an experiencer again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of a motivator again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of an inciter again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of a knower again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of a viewer again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of a toucher again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitely investigated. One conventionally speaks of one who is conscious again and again even though it cannot be apprehended when definitively investigated, because of the emptiness of what cannot be apprehended. Rather, these are simply mere names and symbols employed as conventions.

“Similarly, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they too do not observe a bodhisattva. They do not observe enlightenment. They do not observe buddhas. They do not observe the perfection of wisdom. They do not observe ‘they are practicing the perfection of wisdom.’171 They do not observe physical forms. They do not observe feelings. They do not observe perceptions. They do not observe formative predispositions. [F.76.a] They do not observe consciousness. Nor do they even observe those names that are employed as conventions.

“Based on the emptiness of not apprehending, bodhisattva great beings who thus practice the perfection of wisdom outshine all wisdoms other than that, up to and including the wisdom of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas, except for the wisdom of the tathāgatas. If you ask why, it is because they do not even apprehend anything on account of which they might be attached. Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who practice accordingly are practicing the perfection of wisdom.

“To illustrate, Śāradvatīputra, if this Jambudvīpa were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana—like a thicket of naḍa reeds, or a thicket of rushes, or a grove of sugarcane, or a thicket of bamboo, or a paddy field of rice, or a field of sesame—their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom of a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison. If you ask why, [F.76.b] Śāradvatīputra, it is because that wisdom of bodhisattva great beings is established so that all beings will pass into final nirvāṇa. The wisdom of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas is not so.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom continues, even with as much wisdom as they have cultivated in a single day, to outshine the wisdom of all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas. Śāradvatīputra, not to mention just this Jambudvīpa filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, if this whole great billionfold world system were also filled entirely with monks similar to you, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that has been cultivated for a single day by a bodhisattva great being practicing the perfection of wisdom. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside this great billionfold world system, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, [F.77.a] their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems of the eastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part—it [F.77.b] would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems of the southern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems of the western direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being [F.78.a] who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems of the northern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach [F.78.b] any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems of the intermediate northeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems of the intermediate southeastern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach [F.79.a] a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems of the intermediate southwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems [F.79.b] of the intermediate northwestern direction, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, leaving aside the world systems in the direction of the nadir, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, even if, Śāradvatīputra, the world systems in the direction of the zenith, numerous as the grains of sand of the river Gaṅgā, were filled entirely with monks of the caliber of Śāradvatīputra and Maudgalyāyana, their wisdom would not approach even a hundredth part of the wisdom that a bodhisattva great being who practices the perfection of wisdom has cultivated in a single day. It would not approach a thousandth part, would not approach a hundred thousandth part, would not approach a hundred ten millionth part, would not approach a thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, would not approach a hundred [F.80.a] ten million billionth part, would not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and would not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it would not approach any number, would not approach any fraction, would not approach any calculation, would not approach any example, and would not stand up even to any comparison.”

Śāradvatīputra asked, “Blessed Lord, the wisdom of the śrāvakas who enter the stream, who are once-returners, who are non-returners, and who are arhats, and the wisdom of pratyekabuddhas, the wisdom of bodhisattvas, and the wisdom of tathāgatas, arhats, perfectly complete buddhas—all those wisdoms cannot be differentiated. They are indivisible, empty, void, nonarising in their inherent nature, and empty of essential nature.172 Blessed Lord, if no difference or distinction is to be found in that which is indivisible, void, nonarising, and empty of essential nature, how then, Blessed Lord, does the wisdom cultivated in a single session by bodhisattva great beings who practice the perfection of wisdom outshine the wisdom of all the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas?”

“Śāradvatīputra,” replied the Blessed One, “do you think that the wisdom of all the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas is established to be similar in purpose to that for which the wisdom cultivated in a single day by bodhisattva great beings who practice the perfection of wisdom is established, when they think, ‘Having practiced the knowledge of the aspects of the path and worked for the sake of all beings, [F.80.b] having fully awakened to all phenomena in all aspects, we must cause all beings to pass into final nirvāṇa’?”

“No, Blessed Lord!” he replied.

The Blessed One then asked, “Śāradvatīputra, do you think that there are any śrāvakas or pratyekabuddhas who think, ‘Once we have fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, we must enable all beings to attain final nirvāṇa in the expanse of nirvāṇa with no residue of the aggregates’?”

“No, Blessed Lord, I do not think so!” he replied.

The Blessed One then said, “Therefore, for this reason also, Śāradvatīputra, you should understand that when that which is the wisdom of all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas has been compared to this wisdom that is the wisdom of a bodhisattva great being, it does not approach even a hundredth part, does not approach a thousandth part, does not approach a hundred thousandth part, does not approach a hundred ten millionth part, does not approach a thousand ten millionth part, does not approach a hundred thousand ten millionth part, does not approach a hundred ten million billionth part, does not approach a thousand ten million billionth part, and does not approach a hundred thousand ten million billionth part‍—it does not approach any number, does not approach any fraction, does not approach any calculation, does not approach any example, and does not stand up even to any comparison.

“Śāradvatīputra, do you think that there are any śrāvakas or pratyekabuddhas who [F.81.a] think, ‘Once we have practiced the six perfections, brought beings to maturity, refined the buddhafields, perfected the ten powers of the tathāgatas, and perfected the four fearlessnesses, the four kinds of exact knowledge, great loving kindness, great compassion, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas, and have fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, we must enable immeasurable, countless beings to attain final nirvāṇa’?”

“No, Blessed Lord, I do not think so!” he replied.

“Śāradvatīputra,” said the Blessed One, “a bodhisattva great being thinks, ‘Once I have practiced the six perfections, brought beings to maturity, refined the buddhafields, perfected the ten powers of the tathāgatas, and perfected the four fearlessnesses, the four kinds of exact knowledge, great loving kindness, great compassion, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas, having fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, I must enable immeasurable, countless beings to attain final nirvāṇa.’

“To illustrate, Śāradvatīputra, just as a firefly-type creature does not think, ‘May my light illuminate all Jambudvīpa! May my light extensively fill Jambudvīpa!’ in the same way, Śāradvatīputra, there are no śrāvakas or pratyekabuddhas at all who think, [F.81.b] ‘Once I have practiced the six perfections, brought beings to maturity, refined the buddhafields, perfected the ten powers of the tathāgatas, and perfected the four fearlessnesses, the four kinds of exact knowledge, great loving kindness, great compassion, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas, having fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, I will173 enable immeasurable, countless beings to attain final nirvāṇa.’

“Again to illustrate, Śāradvatīputra, just as the disk of the sun, when it rises, suffuses the entirety of Jambudvīpa with its light and illuminates the entirety of Jambudvīpa with its light, in the same way, Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who have practiced the perfection of wisdom have also brought beings to maturity, refined the buddhafields, perfected the ten powers of the tathāgatas, and perfected the four fearlessnesses, the four kinds of exact knowledge, great loving kindness, great compassion, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas, and, having fully awakened to unsurpassed, perfect, complete enlightenment, enable immeasurable, countless beings to attain final nirvāṇa.”

The Blessed One having spoken thus, the venerable Śāradvatīputra then asked him, “Blessed Lord, how do bodhisattva great beings transcend the levels of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas, attain the level of an irreversible bodhisattva, and refine the path of [F.82.a] a bodhisattva174?”

The venerable Śāradvatīputra having asked this, the Blessed One said to him, “Śāradvatīputra, here, when bodhisattva great beings, starting from the time when they first begin to set their mind on enlightenment, practice the six perfections, they dwell in the practice175 of emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness. Through skillful means they will transcend the levels of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas, and then attain the level of an irreversible bodhisattva.”176

Śāradvatīputra asked, “Blessed Lord, standing at which level are bodhisattva great beings worthy of receiving the donations of all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas?”

“Śāradvatīputra,” replied the Blessed One, “bodhisattva great beings who practice the six perfections from the time when they first set their minds on enlightenment until they are seated at the seat of enlightenment are worthy recipients of the donations of all śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas.

“If you ask why, Śāradvatīputra, it is because there are177 bodhisattva great beings that all virtuous attributes emerge in the world. So it is that the path of the ten virtuous actions emerges in the world, that the five trainings emerge in the world, that the eight-branched confession and restoration emerges in the world, that the four meditative concentrations emerge in the world, that the four immeasurable attitudes emerge in the world, that the four formless absorptions emerge in the world, that the five extrasensory powers emerge in the world, that the six mindfulnesses emerge in the world, that the perfection of generosity [F.82.b] emerges in the world, that the perfection of ethical discipline emerges in the world, that the perfection of tolerance emerges in the world, that the perfection of perseverance emerges in the world, that the perfection of meditative concentration emerges in the world, and that the perfection of wisdom emerges in the world, that the emptiness of internal phenomena emerges in the world, that the emptiness of external phenomena emerges in the world, that the emptiness of external and internal phenomena emerges in the world, that the emptiness of emptiness emerges in the world, that the emptiness of great extent emerges in the world, that the emptiness of ultimate reality emerges in the world, that the emptiness of conditioned phenomena emerges in the world, that the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena emerges in the world, that the emptiness of the unlimited emerges in the world, that the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end emerges in the world, that the emptiness of nonexclusion emerges in the world, that the emptiness of inherent nature emerges in the world, that the emptiness of all phenomena emerges in the world, that the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics emerges in the world, that the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended emerges in the world, that the emptiness of nonentities emerges in the world, that the emptiness of essential nature emerges in the world, and that the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities emerges in the world; that the four applications of mindfulness emerge in the world, that the four correct exertions emerge in the world, that the four supports for miraculous ability emerge in the world, that the five faculties emerge in the world, that the five powers [F.83.a] emerge in the world, that the seven branches of enlightenment emerge in the world, and that the noble eightfold path emerges in the world; and that the four truths of the noble ones emerge in the world, that the eight liberations emerge in the world, that the nine serial steps of meditative absorption emerge in the world, that the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation emerge in the world, that all the meditative stabilities emerge in the world, that all the dhāraṇī gateways emerge in the world, that the ten powers of the tathāgatas emerge in the world, that the four fearlessnesses emerge in the world, that the four kinds of exact knowledge emerge in the world, that great loving kindness emerges in the world, that great compassion emerges in the world, and that the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas emerge in the world.

“Śāradvatīputra, there are many phenomena—starting from those virtuous attributes—that emerge in the world. It is because those virtuous attributes appear in the world that there are178 great and lofty royal families, that there are great and lofty priestly families, and that there are great and lofty householder families; that there are the gods of the Cāturmahārājika realm, that there are the gods of the Trayastriṃśa realm, that there are the gods of the Yāma realm, that there are the gods of the Tuṣita realm, that there are the gods of the Nirmāṇarati realm, and that there are the gods of the Paranirmitavaśavartin realm; that there are the gods of the Brahmakāyika realm, that there are the gods of the Brahmapurohita realm, that there are the gods of the Brahma­pārṣadya realm, and that there are the gods of the Mahābrahmā realm; that there are [F.83.b] the gods of the Ābha realm, that there are the gods of the Parīttābha realm, that there are the gods of the Apramāṇābha realm, and that there are the gods of the Ābhāsvara realm; that there are the gods of the Śubha realm, that there are the gods of the Parīttaśubha realm, that there are the gods of the Apramāṇaśubha realm, and that there are the gods of the Śubhakṛtsna realm; that there are the Vṛha gods, that there are the Parīttavṛha gods, and that there are the Apramāṇavṛha gods; that there are the gods of the Vṛhatphala realm, that there are the gods of the Avṛha realm, that there are the gods of the Atapa realm, that there are the gods of the Sudṛśa realm, that there are the gods of the Sudarśana realm, and that there are the gods of the Akaniṣṭha realm; that there are the gods of the sphere of infinite space, that there are the gods of the sphere of infinite consciousness, that there are the gods of the sphere of nothing-at-all, and that there are the gods of the sphere of neither perception nor nonperception; that there are those who have entered the stream in the world, that there are once-returners in the world, that there are non-returners in the world, that there are arhats in the world, that there are pratyekabuddhas in the world, and that there are bodhisattvas in the world—which is to say, that there are tathāgatas, arhats, perfectly complete buddhas in the world.”

Then he asked, “Blessed One, in that case do bodhisattva great beings purify those donations?”

“Śāradvatīputra,” replied the Blessed One, “bodhisattva great beings purify those donations in many ways.179 If you ask why, it is because, for bodhisattva great beings, all donations are indeed utterly [F.84.a] pure. Furthermore, it is in that very manner, Śāradvatīputra, that bodhisattva great beings offer their gifts. If you ask what sorts of gifts they offer, they offer the gift of many virtuous attributes. Thus they offer the gift of the path of the ten virtuous actions, the five trainings, the eight-branched confession and restoration, the four meditative concentrations, the four immeasurable attitudes, the four formless absorptions, the five extrasensory powers, and the six mindfulnesses; the perfection of generosity, the perfection of ethical discipline, the perfection of tolerance, the perfection of perseverance, the perfection of meditative concentration, and the perfection of wisdom; the emptiness of internal phenomena, the emptiness of external phenomena, the emptiness of external and internal phenomena, the emptiness of emptiness, the emptiness of great extent, the emptiness of ultimate reality, the emptiness of conditioned phenomena, the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena, the emptiness of the unlimited, the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end, the emptiness of nonexclusion, the emptiness of inherent nature, the emptiness of all phenomena, the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics, the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of nonentities, the emptiness of essential nature, and the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities; the four applications of mindfulness, the four correct exertions, the four supports for miraculous ability, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven branches of enlightenment, and the noble eightfold path; and the four truths of the noble ones, the eight liberations, the nine serial steps of meditative absorption, the emptiness, signlessness, [F.84.b] and wishlessness gateways to liberation, all the meditative stabilities, all the dhāraṇī gateways, the ten powers of the tathāgatas, the four fearlessnesses, the kinds of exact knowledge, great loving kindness, great compassion, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.”

“Blessed Lord, how do bodhisattva great beings ‘engage’ with it when they engage with the perfection of wisdom?”180

The Blessed One said, “Bodhisattva great beings are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of physical forms. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of feelings. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of perceptions. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of formative predispositions. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of consciousness. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the eyes. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the ears. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the nose. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the tongue. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the body. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the mental faculty. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of sights. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of sounds. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of odors. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of tastes. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of tangibles. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of mental phenomena.

“They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of the eyes. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of sights. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of visual consciousness. They are said to engage with it [F.85.a] when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of the ears. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of sounds. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of auditory consciousness. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of the nose. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of odors. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of olfactory consciousness. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of the tongue. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of tastes. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of gustatory consciousness. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of the body. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of tangibles. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of tactile consciousness. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of the mental faculty. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of phenomena. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sensory element of mental consciousness.

“They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of suffering. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the origin. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of cessation. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the path.

“They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of ignorance. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of formative predispositions. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of consciousness. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of name and form. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the sense fields. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of sensory contact. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of sensation. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of craving. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of grasping. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of the rebirth process. They are said to engage with it [F.85.b] when they engage with the emptiness of birth. And they are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of aging and death.

“They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of all phenomena. They are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of all those conditioned and unconditioned phenomena, as many as there are, that exist designated as names.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they are said to engage with it when they engage with the emptiness of inherent nature. So, accordingly, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they are said to engage with it when they engage with the seven emptinesses. Yet even though they are practicing the perfection of wisdom with these seven emptinesses, they are not said to be engaged with it or to be not engaged with it.

“If you ask why, it is because they do not observe physical forms ‘engaged’ with it or ‘not engaged’ with the perfection of wisdom; do not observe feelings ‘engaged’ with it or ‘not engaged’ with it; do not observe perceptions ‘engaged’ with it or ‘not engaged’ with it; do not observe formative predispositions ‘engaged’ with it or ‘not engaged’ with it; and do not observe consciousness ‘engaged’ with it or ‘not engaged’ with it.

“They do not observe physical forms qualified by arising or qualified by ceasing; do not observe feelings qualified by arising or qualified by ceasing; do not observe perceptions qualified by arising or qualified by ceasing; do not observe formative predispositions qualified by arising or qualified by ceasing; and do not observe consciousness qualified by arising or qualified by ceasing. [F.86.a]

“They do not observe physical forms qualified by defilement or qualified by purification; do not observe feelings qualified by defilement or qualified by purification; do not observe perceptions qualified by defilement or qualified by purification; do not observe formative predispositions qualified by defilement or qualified by purification; and do not observe consciousness qualified by defilement or qualified by purification.

“They do not observe physical forms ‘flowing along together’181 with feelings. They do not observe feelings ‘flowing along together’ with physical forms. They do not observe feelings ‘flowing along together’ with perceptions. They do not observe perceptions ‘flowing along together’ with feelings. They do not observe perceptions ‘flowing along together’ with formative predispositions. They do not observe formative predispositions ‘flowing along together’ with perceptions. They do not observe formative predispositions ‘flowing along together’ with consciousness. They do not observe consciousness ‘flowing along together’ with formative predispositions.

“If you ask why, it is because there is no phenomenon that is ‘flowing along together’ with any other phenomenon. Owing to the emptiness of inherent nature, there is no going together with any other phenomenon, no going separately, no connection, and no disconnection.

“Śāradvatīputra, the emptiness of physical forms is not physical forms, because the emptiness of physical forms does not obstruct.182 [F.86.b] The emptiness of feelings is not feelings, because the emptiness of feelings does not feel. The emptiness of perceptions is not perceptions, because the emptiness of perceptions does not perceive. The emptiness of formative predispositions is not formative predispositions, because the emptiness of formative predispositions does not condition anything. And the emptiness of consciousness is not consciousness, because the emptiness of consciousness does not make anything conscious.

“If you ask why, Śāradvatīputra, it is because physical forms are not other than emptiness, and emptiness is not other than physical forms. Physical forms are emptiness. Emptiness is physical forms. Feelings are not other than emptiness, and emptiness is not other than feelings. Feelings are emptiness. Emptiness is feelings. Perceptions are not other than emptiness, and emptiness is not other than perceptions. Perceptions are emptiness. Emptiness is perceptions. Formative predispositions are not other than emptiness, and emptiness is not other than formative predispositions. Formative predispositions are emptiness. Emptiness is formative predispositions. Consciousness is not other than emptiness, and emptiness is not other than consciousness. Consciousness is emptiness. Emptiness is consciousness.

“Śāradvatīputra, that emptiness neither arises [F.87.a] nor ceases. It is neither defiled nor purified. It neither decreases nor increases. It is neither past, nor is it future, nor is it present. In that which neither arises nor ceases, is neither defiled nor purified, neither decreases nor increases, and is neither past, nor future, nor present, there are no physical forms, there are no feelings, there are no perceptions, there are no formative predispositions, and there is no consciousness. In that, there are no eyes, there are no ears, there is no nose, there is no tongue, there is no body, and there is no mental faculty. In that, there are no sights, there are no sounds, there are no odors, there are no tastes, there are no tangibles, and there are no mental phenomena.

“In that, there is no sensory element of the eyes, there is no sensory element of sights, and there is no sensory element of visual consciousness. In that, there is no sensory element of the ears, there is no sensory element of sounds, and there is no sensory element of auditory consciousness. In that, there is no sensory element of the nose, there is no sensory element of odors, and there is no sensory element of olfactory consciousness. In that, there is no sensory element of the tongue, there is no sensory element of tastes, and there is no sensory element of gustatory consciousness. In that, there is no sensory element of the body, there is no sensory element of tangibles, and there is no sensory element of tactile consciousness. In that, there is no sensory element of the mental faculty, there is no sensory element of mental phenomena, and there is no sensory element of mental consciousness.

“In that, there is no earth element, there is no water element, there is no fire element, there is no wind element, there is no consciousness element, and there is no space element. [B6]

“In that, there is no ignorance, and there is no cessation of ignorance. In that, there are no formative predispositions, and there is no cessation of formative predispositions. In that, there is no consciousness, [F.87.b] and there is no cessation of consciousness. In that, there are no name and form, and there is no cessation of name and form. In that, there are no six sense fields, and there is no cessation of the six sense fields. In that, there is no sensory contact, and there is no cessation of sensory contact. In that, there is no sensation, and there is no cessation of sensation. In that, there is no craving, and there is no cessation of craving. In that, there is no grasping, and there is no cessation of grasping. In that, there is no rebirth process, and there no cessation of the rebirth process. In that, there is no birth, and there is no cessation of birth. In that, there are no aging and death, and there is no cessation of aging and death.

“In that, there is no suffering, and there is no understanding of suffering. In that, there is no origin, and there is no abandonment of the origin. In that, there is no cessation, and there is no actualization of cessation. And in that, there is no path, and there is no cultivation of the path.

“In that, there is nothing to be attained. There is nothing to be clearly realized. In that, there is no one who has entered the stream, and there is no fruit of having entered the stream. In that, there is no once-returner, and there is no fruit of once-returner. In that, there is no non-returner, and there is no fruit of non-returner. In that, there is no arhat, and there is no fruit of arhatship. In that, there is no individual enlightenment, and there is no pratyekabuddha. In that, there is no bodhisattva, and there is no knowledge of the aspects of the path. In that, there is no buddha, and there is no enlightenment.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who practice accordingly are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom, but, even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with physical forms. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with feelings. [F.88.a] They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with perceptions. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with formative predispositions. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with consciousness.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the eyes. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the ears. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the nose. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the tongue. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the body. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the mental faculty.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with sights. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with sounds. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with odors. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with tastes. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with tangibles. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with mental phenomena.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of the eyes; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ [F.88.b] with the sensory element of sights; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of visual consciousness. Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of ears; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of sounds; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of auditory consciousness. Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of the nose; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of odors; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of olfactory consciousness. Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of the tongue; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of tastes; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of gustatory consciousness. Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of the body; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of tangibles; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of tactile consciousness. Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or [F.89.a] ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of the mental faculty; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of tangible phenomena; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the sensory element of mental consciousness.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the earth element; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the water element; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the fire element; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the wind element; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the space element; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the consciousness element.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with ignorance; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with formative predispositions; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with consciousness; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with name and form; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the six sense fields; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with sensory contact; do not observe that [F.89.b] they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with sensation; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with craving; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with grasping; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the rebirth process; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with birth; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with aging and death.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the perfection of generosity; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the perfection of ethical discipline; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the perfection of tolerance; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the perfection of perseverance; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the perfection of meditative concentration; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the perfection of wisdom.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of internal phenomena; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of external phenomena; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of external and internal phenomena; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of emptiness; [F.90.a] do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of great extent; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of ultimate reality; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of conditioned phenomena; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of the unlimited; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of nonexclusion; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of inherent nature; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of all phenomena; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of nonentities; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of essential nature; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities.

“Even though they practice the perfection of wisdom in that manner, they do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ [F.90.b] with the applications of mindfulness; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the correct exertions; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the supports for miraculous ability; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the faculties; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the powers; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the branches of enlightenment; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the paths. They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the truths of the noble ones; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the meditative concentrations; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the immeasurable attitudes; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the formless absorptions; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the eight liberations; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the nine serial steps of meditative absorption; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the meditation on emptiness; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the meditation on signlessness; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the meditation on wishlessness. They do not observe [F.91.a] that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the extrasensory powers; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with all the meditative stabilities; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with all the dhāraṇī gateways; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the ten powers of the tathāgatas; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the four fearlessnesses; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the four kinds of exact knowledge; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with great loving kindness; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with great compassion; and do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.

“They do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the fruit of having entered the stream; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the fruit of once-returner; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the fruit of non-returner; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with arhatship; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with individual enlightenment; do not observe that they either ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with the knowledge of the aspects of the path; and do not observe that they either [F.91.b] ‘engage’ or ‘do not engage’ with all-aspect omniscience. In this way, Śāradvatīputra, because all phenomena are without conjunction or disjunction,183 bodhisattva great beings are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither cause emptiness to engage with nor to disengage from emptiness, nor the yogic practice184 of emptiness. They neither cause signlessness to engage with nor to disengage from signlessness, nor the yogic practice of signlessness. They neither cause wishlessness to engage with nor to disengage from wishlessness, nor the yogic practice of wishlessness.

“If you ask why, it is because there is neither conjunction nor disjunction in emptiness, there is neither conjunction nor disjunction in signlessness, and there is neither conjunction nor disjunction in wishlessness.185

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who are engaging in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they enter into186 the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics of all phenomena.187 Understanding accordingly, they neither associate an intrinsic defining characteristic with188 nor disassociate it from physical forms, neither associate it with nor disassociate it from feelings, neither associate it with nor disassociate it from perceptions, neither associate it with nor disassociate it from formative predispositions, and neither associate it with nor disassociate it from consciousness.

“They neither associate physical forms with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate physical forms with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate physical forms with, nor disassociate them from, the present, [F.92.a] because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate feelings with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate feelings with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate feelings with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate perceptions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate perceptions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate perceptions with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate formative predispositions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate formative predispositions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate formative predispositions with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the eyes with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the eyes with, [F.92.b] nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the eyes with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the ears with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the ears with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the ears with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the nose with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the nose with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the nose with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the tongue with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the tongue with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the tongue with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the body with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the body with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the body with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the mental faculty with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the mental faculty with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the mental faculty with, nor disassociate it from, the present, [F.93.a] because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate sights with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate sights with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate sights with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate sounds with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate sounds with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate sounds with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate odors with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate odors with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate odors with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate tastes with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate tastes with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate tastes with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate tangibles with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate tangibles with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate tangibles with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe [F.93.b] a present. They neither associate mental phenomena with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate mental phenomena with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate mental phenomena with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate visual consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate visual consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate visual consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate auditory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate auditory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate auditory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate olfactory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate olfactory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate olfactory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate gustatory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. [F.94.a] They neither associate gustatory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate gustatory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate tactile consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate tactile consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate tactile consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate mental consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate mental consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate mental consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate visually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate visually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate visually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate aurally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate aurally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate aurally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the present, [F.94.b] because they do not observe a present. They neither associate nasally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate nasally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate nasally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate lingually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate lingually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate lingually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate mentally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate mentally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate mentally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. [F.95.a] They neither associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with, [F.95.b] nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the earth element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the earth element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the earth element with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the water element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the water element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the water element with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the fire element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe [F.96.a] a limit of past time. They neither associate the fire element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the fire element with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the wind element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the wind element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the wind element with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the space element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the space element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the space element with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the consciousness element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the consciousness element with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the consciousness element with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate ignorance with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate ignorance with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate ignorance with, nor disassociate it from, the present, [F.96.b] because they do not observe a present. They neither associate formative predispositions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate formative predispositions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate formative predispositions with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate name and form with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate name and form with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate name and form with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the six sense fields with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the six sense fields with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the six sense fields with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe [F.97.a] a limit of future time. They neither associate sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate sensation with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate sensation with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate sensation with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate craving with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate craving with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate craving with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate grasping with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate grasping with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate grasping with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the rebirth process with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the rebirth process with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the rebirth process with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate birth with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate birth with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe [F.97.b] a limit of future time. They neither associate birth with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate aging and death with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate aging and death with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate aging and death with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the perfection of generosity with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the perfection of generosity with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the perfection of generosity with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the perfection of ethical discipline with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the perfection of ethical discipline with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the perfection of ethical discipline with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the perfection of tolerance with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the perfection of tolerance with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the perfection of tolerance with, nor disassociate it from, [F.98.a] the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the perfection of perseverance with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the perfection of perseverance with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the perfection of perseverance with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the perfection of meditative concentration with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the perfection of meditative concentration with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the perfection of meditative concentration with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the perfection of wisdom with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the perfection of wisdom with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the perfection of wisdom with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of external phenomena with, [F.98.b] nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of external phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of external phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of emptiness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of emptiness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of emptiness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of great extent with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of great extent with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of great extent with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. [F.99.a] They neither associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of the unlimited with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of the unlimited with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of the unlimited with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with, [F.99.b] nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of inherent nature with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of inherent nature with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of inherent nature with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of all phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of all phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of all phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate [F.100.a] the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of essential nature with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of essential nature with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of essential nature with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the applications of mindfulness with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because [F.100.b] they do observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the applications of mindfulness with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the applications of mindfulness with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the correct exertions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the correct exertions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the correct exertions with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the supports for miraculous ability with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the supports for miraculous ability with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the supports for miraculous ability with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the faculties with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the faculties with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the faculties with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the powers with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the powers with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe [F.101.a] a limit of future time. They neither associate the powers with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the branches of enlightenment with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the branches of enlightenment with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the branches of enlightenment with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the paths with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the paths with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the paths with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the truths of the noble ones with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the truths of the noble ones with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the truths of the noble ones with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the meditative concentrations with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the meditative concentrations with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the meditative concentrations with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because [F.101.b] they do not observe a present. They neither associate the immeasurable attitudes with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the immeasurable attitudes with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the immeasurable attitudes with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the formless absorptions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the formless absorptions with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the formless absorptions with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the eight liberations with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the eight liberations with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the eight liberations with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate emptiness with, [F.102.a] nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate emptiness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate emptiness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate signlessness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate signlessness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate signlessness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate wishlessness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate wishlessness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate wishlessness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the extrasensory powers with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the extrasensory powers with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the extrasensory powers with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the meditative stabilities with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the meditative stabilities with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe [F.102.b] a limit of future time. They neither associate the meditative stabilities with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the dhāraṇī gateways with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the dhāraṇī gateways with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the dhāraṇī gateways with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the four fearlessnesses with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the four fearlessnesses with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the four fearlessnesses with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with, nor disassociate them from, [F.103.a] the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate great loving kindness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate great loving kindness with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate great loving kindness with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate great compassion with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate great compassion with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate great compassion with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with, nor disassociate them from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with, nor disassociate them from, the present, because they do not observe a present.

“They neither associate the fruit of having entered the stream with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the fruit of having entered the stream with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the fruit of having entered the stream with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. [F.103.b] They neither associate the fruit of once-returner with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the fruit of once-returner with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the fruit of once-returner with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the fruit of non-returner with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate the fruit of non-returner with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the fruit of non-returner with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate arhatship with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate arhatship with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate arhatship with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate individual enlightenment with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate individual enlightenment with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate individual enlightenment with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe [F.104.a] a limit of past time. They neither associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. They neither associate all-aspect omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of past time, because they do not observe a limit of past time. They neither associate all-aspect omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, the limits of future time, because they do not observe a limit of future time. They neither associate all-aspect omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. [B7]

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who practice in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, owing to emptiness with respect to the sameness of the three times,189 they neither associate the limit of past time with, nor disassociate it from, the limit of future time, and they neither associate the limit of future time with, nor disassociate it from, the limit of past time. They neither associate the limit of past time with, nor disassociate it from, the limit of future time, and they neither associate the limit of future time with, nor disassociate it from, the limit of past time. They neither associate the present with, nor disassociate it from, the limit of past time or the limit of future time, and they neither associate the limit of past time or the limit of future time with, nor disassociate them from, the limit of the present.

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who practice190 in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they engage in such a way that, while engaging, they neither associate omniscience191 with, [F.104.b] nor disassociate it from, the past, because they do not observe a past.192 So how, without even observing it, could they associate omniscience with the past, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, the future, because they do not observe a future. So how, without even observing it, could they associate omniscience with the future, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, the present, because they do not observe a present. So how, without even observing it, could they associate omniscience with the present, or disassociate it from it?

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who practice in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, physical forms, because they do not observe a physical form. So how, without even observing them, could they associate physical forms with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“They neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, feelings, because they do not observe a feeling. So how, without even observing them, could they associate feelings with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, perceptions, because they do not observe a perception. So how, without even observing them, could they associate perceptions with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, formative predispositions, because they do not observe [F.105.a] a formative predisposition. So how, without even observing them, could they associate formative predispositions with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, consciousness, because they do not observe a consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate the eyes with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe an eye. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the eyes with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“They neither associate the ears with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe an ear. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the ears with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the nose with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a nose. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the nose with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the tongue with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a tongue. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the tongue with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the body with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a body. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the body with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the mental faculty with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, [F.105.b] because they do not observe a mental faculty. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the mental faculty with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate sights with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe sights. So how, without even observing them, could they associate sights with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“They neither associate sounds with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sound. So how, without even observing them, could they associate sounds with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate odors with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe an odor. So how, without even observing them, could they associate odors with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate tastes with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a taste. So how, without even observing them, could they associate tastes with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate tangibles with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a tangible. So how, without even observing them, could they associate tangibles with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate mental phenomena with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a mental phenomenon. So how, without even observing them, could they associate mental phenomena with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate the sensory element of the eyes with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, [F.106.a] because they do not observe a sensory element of the eyes. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of the eyes with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of sights with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of sights. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of sights with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of visual consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of visual consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of visual consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“They neither associate the sensory element of the ears with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of the ears. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of the ears with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of sounds with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of sounds. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of sounds with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of auditory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of auditory consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of auditory consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of the nose with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of the nose. So how, [F.106.b] without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of the nose with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of odors with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of odors. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of odors with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of olfactory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of olfactory consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of olfactory consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of the tongue with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of the tongue. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of the tongue with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of tastes with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of tastes. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of tastes with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of gustatory consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of gustatory consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of gustatory consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of the body with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of the body. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of the body with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of tangibles with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of tangibles. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of tangibles with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of tactile consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, [F.107.a] because they do not observe a sensory element of tactile consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of tactile consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“They neither associate the sensory element of the mental faculty with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of the mental faculty. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of the mental faculty with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of mental phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of mental phenomena. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of mental phenomena with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the sensory element of mental consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory element of mental consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the sensory element of mental consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate the earth element with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an earth element. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the earth element with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate [F.107.b] the water element with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a water element. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the water element with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the fire element with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a fire element. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the fire element with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the wind element with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a wind element. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the wind element with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the space element with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a space element. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the space element with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the consciousness element with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a consciousness element. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the consciousness element with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate ignorance with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an ignorance. So how, without even observing it, could they associate ignorance with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“They neither associate formative predispositions with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a formative predisposition. So how, [F.108.a] without even observing them, could they associate formative predispositions with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate consciousness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a consciousness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate consciousness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate name and form with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a name or a form. So how, without even observing them, could they associate name and form with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the six sense fields with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe six sense fields. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the six sense fields with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate sensory contact with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensory contact. So how, without even observing it, could they associate sensory contact with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate sensation with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a sensation. So how, without even observing it, could they associate sensation with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate craving with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a craving. So how, without even observing it, could they associate craving with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate grasping with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a grasping. So how, without even observing it, [F.108.b] could they associate grasping with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the rebirth process with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a rebirth process. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the rebirth process with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate birth with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a birth. So how, without even observing it, could they associate birth with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate aging and death with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe an aging or a death. So how, without even observing them, could they associate aging and death with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate the perfection of generosity with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a perfection of generosity. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the perfection of generosity with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“They neither associate the perfection of ethical discipline with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a perfection of ethical discipline. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the perfection of ethical discipline with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the perfection of tolerance with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a perfection of tolerance. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the perfection of tolerance with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate [F.109.a] the perfection of perseverance with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a perfection of perseverance. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the perfection of perseverance with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the perfection of meditative concentration with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a perfection of meditative concentration. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the perfection of meditative concentration with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the perfection of wisdom with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a perfection of wisdom. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the perfection of wisdom with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“They neither associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of internal phenomena.193 So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of external phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of external phenomena. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of external phenomena with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of external and internal phenomena. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with omniscience, [F.109.b] or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of emptiness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of emptiness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of emptiness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of great extent with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of great extent. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of great extent with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of ultimate reality. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of conditioned phenomena. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of unconditioned phenomena. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of the unlimited with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of the unlimited. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of the unlimited with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with, [F.110.a] nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of nonexclusion. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of inherent nature with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of inherent nature. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of inherent nature with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of all phenomena with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of all phenomena. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of all phenomena with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? [F.110.b] They neither associate the emptiness of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of nonentities. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of nonentities with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of essential nature with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of essential nature. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of essential nature with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities. So how, without even observing it, could they associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with omniscience, or disassociate it from it?

“They neither associate the applications of mindfulness with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe an application of mindfulness. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the applications of mindfulness with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the correct exertions with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a correct exertion. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the correct exertions with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the supports for miraculous ability with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a support for miraculous ability. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the supports for miraculous ability with omniscience, [F.111.a] or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the faculties with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a faculty. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the faculties with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the powers with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a power. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the powers with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the branches of enlightenment with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a branch of enlightenment. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the branches of enlightenment with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the paths with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a path. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the paths with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“They neither associate the truths of the noble ones with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a truth of the noble ones. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the truths of the noble ones with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the meditative concentrations with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a meditative concentration. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the meditative concentrations with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the immeasurable attitudes with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, [F.111.b] because they do not observe an immeasurable attitude. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the immeasurable attitudes with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the formless absorptions with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a formless absorption. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the formless absorptions with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the liberations with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a liberation. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the liberations with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the serial steps of meditative absorption with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a serial step of meditative absorption. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the serial steps of meditative absorption with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate emptiness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe an emptiness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate emptiness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate signlessness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a signlessness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate signlessness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate wishlessness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, [F.112.a] because they do not observe a wishlessness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate wishlessness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the extrasensory powers with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe an extrasensory power. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the extrasensory powers with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“They neither associate the meditative stabilities with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a meditative stability. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the meditative stabilities with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the dhāraṇī gateways with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a dhāraṇī gateway. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the dhāraṇī gateways with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a power of the tathāgatas. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the powers of the tathāgatas with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the fearlessnesses with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a fearlessness. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the fearlessnesses with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate the kinds of exact knowledge with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe [F.112.b] an exact knowledge. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the kinds of exact knowledge with omniscience, or disassociate them from it? They neither associate great loving kindness with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a great loving kindness. So how, without even observing it, could they associate great loving kindness with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate great compassion with, nor disassociate it from, omniscience, because they do not observe a great compassion. So how, without even observing it, could they associate great compassion with omniscience, or disassociate it from it? They neither associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, because they do not observe a distinct quality of the buddhas. So how, without even observing them, could they associate the distinct qualities of the buddhas with omniscience, or disassociate them from it?

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings who practice in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they neither associate the buddhas with, nor disassociate them from, omniscience, and they neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, the buddhas because they do not observe a buddha and they do not observe an omniscience. So how, if they do not observe them, could they associate omniscience with, or disassociate it from, the buddhas? How could they associate the buddhas with, or disassociate them from, omniscience. They neither associate enlightenment with, [F.113.a] nor disassociate it from, omniscience, and they neither associate omniscience with, nor disassociate it from, enlightenment because they do not observe an enlightenment and they do not observe an omniscience. So how, if they do not even observe them, could they associate them, or disassociate them?

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings practicing like that are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms with ‘entities.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘nonentities.’

“They do not associate feelings with ‘entities.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘entities.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘entities.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘nonentity.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the body with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the body with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate sights with ‘entities.’ They do not associate sights with ‘nonentities.’ [F.113.b] They do not associate sounds with ‘entities.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate odors with ‘entities.’ They do not associate odors with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘entities.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘entities.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘entities.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘nonentity.’

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘entity.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘entity.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘entity.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘entity.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘entity.’ They do not associate [F.114.a] corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘entity.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘entities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘entities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘entities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘entities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘entities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘entities.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘nonentities.’

“They do not associate the earth element with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the earth element with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the consciousness element [F.114.b] with ‘nonentity.’

“They do not associate ignorance with ‘entity.’ They do not associate ignorance with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘entities.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘entities.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘entity.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘entity.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate craving with ‘entity.’ They do not associate craving with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘entity.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate birth with ‘entity.’ They do not associate birth with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘entities.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘nonentities.’

“They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘entity.’ They do not associate [F.115.a] the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘nonentity.’

“They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘entity.’ They do not associate [F.115.b] the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘nonentity.’

“They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the paths with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the paths with ‘nonentities.’

“They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘entities.’ They do not associate [F.116.a] the meditative concentrations with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate signlessness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate signlessness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘nonentities.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘entity.’ They do not associate [F.116.b] great loving kindness with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘entity.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘entities.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘nonentities.’

“They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘entity.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘entity.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘entity.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘nonentity.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘entity.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘nonentity.’ [B8]

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate consciousness [F.117.a] with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the body with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the body with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate sights with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate sights with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate odors with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate odors with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate [F.117.b] nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate the earth element with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the earth element with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate [F.118.a] the consciousness element with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate ignorance with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate ignorance with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate craving with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate craving with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate birth with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate birth with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate [F.118.b] the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature [F.119.a] with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate signlessness with ‘permanent.’ [F.119.b] They do not associate signlessness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘impermanent.’

“They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘impermanent.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘impermanent.’ [F.120.a] They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘permanent.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘impermanent.’

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the body with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the body with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate sights with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate sights with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate odors with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate odors with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘suffering.’ [F.120.b] They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate [F.121.a] feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate the earth element with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the earth element with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate ignorance with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate ignorance with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate sensation [F.121.b] with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate craving with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate craving with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate birth with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate birth with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality [F.122.a] with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘happiness.’ [F.122.b] They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate signlessness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate signlessness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers [F.123.a] with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘suffering.’

“They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path [F.123.b] with ‘suffering.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘happiness.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘suffering.’

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms with ‘self.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘no self.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘self.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘no self.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘self.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘no self.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘self.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘no self.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘self.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘self.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘self.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘self.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the body with ‘self.’ They do not associate the body with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘self.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘no self.’ They do not associate sights with ‘self.’ They do not associate sights with ‘no self.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘self.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘no self.’ They do not associate odors with ‘self.’ They do not associate odors with ‘no self.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘self.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘no self.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘self.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘no self.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘self.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘no self.’ They do not associate [F.124.a] visual consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact [F.124.b] with ‘no self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate the earth element with ‘self.’ They do not associate the earth element with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘self.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘self.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘self.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘self.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘self.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate ignorance with ‘self.’ They do not associate ignorance with ‘no self.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘self.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘no self.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘self.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘self.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘self.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘no self.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘self.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘no self.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘self.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘no self.’ They do not associate craving with ‘self.’ They do not associate craving with ‘no self.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘self.’ [F.125.a] They do not associate grasping with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘self.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘no self.’ They do not associate birth with ‘self.’ They do not associate birth with ‘no self.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘self.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘self.’ They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘self.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘self.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘self.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘self.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘self.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘self.’ [F.125.b] They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘self.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘self.’ They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘self.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘self.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘self.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘self.’ [F.126.a] They do not associate the powers with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘self.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘self.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘self.’ They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘self.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘self.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘self.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘self.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘self.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘no self.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘self.’ They do not associate emptiness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate signlessness with ‘self.’ They do not associate signlessness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘self.’ They do not associate wishlessness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘self.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘self.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘self.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘self.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘self.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘no self.’ [F.126.b] They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘self.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘no self.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘self.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘no self.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘self.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘self.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘no self.’

“They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘self.’ They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘self.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘self.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘no self.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘self.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘no self.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘self.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘no self.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘self.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘no self.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘self.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘no self.’

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms [F.127.a] with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the body with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the body with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate sights with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate sights with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate odors with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate odors with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’ [F.127.b]

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate the earth element with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the earth element with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘being at peace.’ [F.128.a] They do not associate the wind element with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate ignorance with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate ignorance with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate craving with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate craving with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate birth with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate birth with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration [F.128.b] with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘being at peace,’ and [F.129.a] they do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate [F.129.b] the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘not being at peace.’

“They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the fruit of having entered the stream with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the fruit of once-returner with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the fruit of non-returner with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate arhatship with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate individual enlightenment [F.130.a] with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘not being at peace.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘being at peace.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘not being at peace.’

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings in that manner are said to engage with the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the body with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the body with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate sights with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate sights with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate odors with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate odors with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘not being empty.’ [F.130.b] They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate the earth element with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the earth element with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate ignorance with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate ignorance with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate [F.131.a] formative predispositions with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate craving with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate craving with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate birth with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate birth with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘not being empty.’ [F.131.b] They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘not being empty.’

“They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the eight liberations with ‘not being empty.’ [F.132.a] They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the nine serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the four fearlessnesses with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the four kinds of exact knowledge with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate knowledge of all the dharmas with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate knowledge of all the dharmas with ‘not being empty.’194 They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘not being empty.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘being empty.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘not being empty.’ [B9]

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘being signless.’ [F.132.b] They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the body with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the body with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate sights with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate sights with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate odors with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate odors with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact [F.133.a] with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate the earth element with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the earth element with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the water element with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the fire element with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the wind element with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the space element with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the consciousness element with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate ignorance with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate ignorance with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘being signless.’ [F.133.b] They do not associate name and form with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate name and form with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the six sense fields with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate sensory contact with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate sensation with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate craving with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate craving with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate grasping with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the rebirth process with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate birth with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate birth with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate aging and death with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the perfection of generosity with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the perfection of ethical discipline with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the perfection of tolerance with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the perfection of perseverance with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the perfection of meditative concentration with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the perfection of wisdom with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of internal phenomena with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external phenomena with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of external and internal phenomena with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of emptiness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of great extent with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate [F.134.a] the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of ultimate reality with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of conditioned phenomena with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of the unlimited with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonexclusion with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of inherent nature with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of all phenomena with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of nonentities with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of essential nature with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the applications of mindfulness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the correct exertions with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the supports for miraculous ability with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the faculties with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the powers with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment [F.134.b] with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the branches of enlightenment with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the noble eightfold path with ‘being signless.’

“They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the truths of the noble ones with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the meditative concentrations with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the immeasurable attitudes with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the formless absorptions with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the liberations with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the liberations with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the serial steps of meditative absorption with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the extrasensory powers with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the meditative stabilities with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the dhāraṇī gateways with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the ten powers of the tathāgatas with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the fearlessnesses with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the fearlessnesses with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the kinds of exact knowledge with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the kinds of exact knowledge with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate great loving kindness with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate great compassion with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas with ‘being signless.’ [F.135.a]

“They do not associate knowledge of all the dharmas with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate knowledge of all the dharmas with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate the knowledge of the aspects of the path with ‘being signless.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘having a sign.’ They do not associate all-aspect omniscience with ‘being signless.’

“Śāradvatīputra, bodhisattva great beings practicing like that are said to be engaged in the practice of the perfection of wisdom.

“Moreover, Śāradvatīputra, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they do not associate physical forms with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate physical forms with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate perceptions with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate formative predispositions with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate consciousness with ‘not having wishes.’

“They do not associate the eyes with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate the eyes with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate the ears with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate the nose with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate the tongue with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate the body with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate the body with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate the mental faculty with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate sights with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate sights with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate sounds with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate odors with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate odors with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate tastes with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate tangibles with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate mental phenomena with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate visual consciousness with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness [F.135.b] with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate auditory consciousness with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate olfactory consciousness with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate gustatory consciousness with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate tactile consciousness with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate mental consciousness with ‘not having wishes.’

“They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate visually compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘having wishes.’ They do not associate feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact with ‘not having wishes.’