The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines
Chapter 15: Meditative Stabilization
Toh 10
Degé Kangyur, vol. 29 (shes phyin, khri brgyad, ka), folios 1.a–300.a; vol. 30 (shes phyin, khri brgyad, kha), folios 1.a–304.a; vol. 31 (shes phyin, khri brgyad, ga), folios 1.a–206.a
- Jinamitra
- Surendrabodhi
- Yeshé Dé
Imprint
Translated by Gareth Sparham
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha
First published 2022
Current version v 1.1.0 (2024)
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Table of Contents
Summary
The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines is one version of the Long Perfection of Wisdom sūtras that developed in South and South-Central Asia in tandem with the Eight Thousand version, probably during the first five hundred years of the Common Era. It contains many of the passages in the oldest extant Long Perfection of Wisdom text (the Gilgit manuscript in Sanskrit), and is similar in structure to the other versions of the Long Perfection of Wisdom sūtras (the One Hundred Thousand and Twenty-Five Thousand) in Tibetan in the Kangyur. While setting forth the sacred fundamental doctrines of Buddhist practice with veneration, it simultaneously exhorts the reader to reject them as an object of attachment, its recurring message being that all dharmas without exception lack any intrinsic nature.
The sūtra can be divided loosely into three parts: an introductory section that sets the scene, a long central section, and three concluding chapters that consist of two important summaries of the long central section. The first of these (chapter 84) is in verse and also circulates as a separate work called The Verse Summary of the Jewel Qualities (Toh 13). The second summary is in the form of the story of Sadāprarudita and his guru Dharmodgata (chapters 85 and 86), after which the text concludes with the Buddha entrusting the work to his close companion Ānanda.
Acknowledgements
This sūtra was translated by Gareth Sparham under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
The Translator’s Acknowledgments
This is a good occasion to remember and thank my friend Nicholas Ribush, who first gave me a copy of Edward Conze’s translation of The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines in 1973. I also thank the Tibetan teachers and students at the Riklam Lobdra in Dharamshala, India, where I began to study the Perfection of Wisdom, for their kindness and patience; Jeffrey Hopkins and Elizabeth Napper, who steered me in the direction of the Perfection of Wisdom and have been very kind to me over the years; and Ashok Aklujkar and others at the University of British Columbia in Canada, who taught me Sanskrit and Indian culture while I was writing my dissertation on Haribhadra’s Perfection of Wisdom commentary. I thank the hermits in the hills above Riklam Lobdra and the many Tibetan scholars and practitioners who encouraged me while I continued working on the Perfection of Wisdom after I graduated from the University of British Columbia. I thank all those who continued to support me as a monk and scholar after the violent death of my friend and mentor toward the end of the millennium. I thank those at the University of Michigan and then at the University of California (Berkeley), particularly Donald Lopez and Jacob Dalton, who enabled me to complete the set of four volumes of translations from Sanskrit of the Perfection of Wisdom commentaries by Haribhadra and Āryavimuktisena and four volumes of the fourteenth-century Tibetan commentary on the Perfection of Wisdom by Tsongkhapa. I thank Gene Smith, who introduced me to 84000. I thank everyone at 84000: Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche and the sponsors; the scholars, translators, editors, and technicians; and all the other indispensable people whose work has made this translation of The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines and its accompanying commentary possible.
Around me everything I see would be part of a perfect road if I had better driving skills.Where I was born, where everything is made of concrete, it too is a perfect place.Everyone I have been with, everyone who is near me now, and even those I have forgotten—there is no one who has not helped me.So, I bow to everyone and to the world and ask for patience, and, as a boon, a smile.
Acknowledgment of Sponsors
We gratefully acknowledge the generous sponsorship of Matthew Yizhen Kong, Steven Ye Kong and family; An Zhang, Hannah Zhang, Lucas Zhang, Aiden Zhang, Jinglan Chi, Jingcan Chi, Jinghui Chi and family, Hong Zhang and family; Mao Guirong, Zhang Yikun, Chi Linlin; and Joseph Tse, Patricia Tse and family. Their support has helped make the work on this translation possible.
Text Body
The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines
Chapter 15: Meditative Stabilization
Then venerable Subhūti inquired of the Lord, “Lord, what is the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings? Lord, to just what extent should bodhisattva great beings be known to have set out in the Great Vehicle?251 Where252 will the Great Vehicle have set out? Where will the Great Vehicle stand?253 Who will go forth in the Great Vehicle?”
Subhūti having said asked this, the Lord said to him, “Subhūti, in regard to what you have asked—‘Lord, what is the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings?—Subhūti, the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings is this: the six perfections. And what are the six? They are the perfection of giving, perfection of morality, perfection of patience, perfection of perseverance, [F.142.b] perfection of concentration, and perfection of wisdom.
“What is the perfection of giving? Here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings with the thought of awakening connected with the knowledge of all aspects cause the giving254 of inner and outer things as gifts, and, having made those wholesome roots into something shared in common by all beings, by way of not apprehending anything grow them into unsurpassed, perfect, complete awakening. That is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of giving.”
“Lord, what is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of morality?” asked Subhūti.
The Lord said, “Here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings with the thought of awakening connected with the knowledge of all aspects by way of not apprehending anything personally take up and pursue the ten wholesome actions and cause other beings as well to take up the ten wholesome actions, to enter into and be established in them. That is the bodhisattva great beings’ untarnished perfection of morality.”
“Lord, what is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of patience?” asked Subhūti.
The Lord said, “Here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings with the thought of awakening connected with the knowledge of all aspects, personally in possession of complete patience, cause others as well to be patient, and that by way of not apprehending anything. That is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of patience.”
“Lord, what is the bodhisattva great beings’ [F.143.a] perfection of perseverance?” asked Subhūti.
The Lord said, “Here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings with the thought of awakening connected with the knowledge of all aspects do not personally forsake persevering in the five perfections, and cause others as well to persevere in the five perfections, and that by way of not apprehending anything. That is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of perseverance.”
“Lord, what is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of concentration?” asked Subhūti.
The Lord said, “Here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings with the thought of awakening connected with the knowledge of all aspects, with skillful means personally become absorbed in concentration, and, without taking birth through its power, cause others to take up concentration as well, and that by way of not apprehending anything. That is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of concentration.”
“Lord, what is the bodhisattva great beings’ perfection of wisdom?”
The Lord said, “Here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings with the thought of awakening connected with the knowledge of all aspects by way of not apprehending anything personally do not settle down on all dharmas, and they analytically understand the nature of all dharmas. They also cause others as well not to settle down on all dharmas, and to analytically understand the nature all dharmas. That is the bodhisattva [F.143.b] great beings’ perfection of wisdom. [B11]
“That, Subhūti, is the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings.
“Furthermore, Subhūti, the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings is this: inner emptiness, outer emptiness, inner and outer emptiness, the emptiness of emptiness, great emptiness, the emptiness of ultimate reality, the emptiness of the compounded, the emptiness of the uncompounded, the emptiness of what transcends limits, the emptiness of no beginning and no end, the emptiness of nonrepudiation, the emptiness of a basic nature, the emptiness of all dharmas, the emptiness of its own mark, the emptiness of not apprehending, the emptiness of a nonexistent thing, the emptiness of an intrinsic nature, and the emptiness that is the nonexistence of an intrinsic nature.
“What is inner emptiness? It is the emptiness of inner dharmas: the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and thinking mind. There, eyes are empty of eyes because they are neither unmoved255 nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature. Ears are empty of ears because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature. The nose is empty of the nose because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature. The tongue is empty of the tongue because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature. The body is empty of the body because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature. The thinking mind is empty of the thinking mind because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? [F.144.a] Because that is its basic nature.
“What is outer emptiness? It is the emptiness of outer dharmas: a form, a sound, a smell, a taste, a feeling, and a dharma. There, a form is empty of a form because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature. Similarly, a sound … a smell … a taste … a feeling … and a dharma is empty of a dharma because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called outer emptiness.
“What is inner and outer emptiness? The six outer sense fields and the six inner sense fields are the outer and inner dharmas.
“What are inner dharmas empty of outer dharmas? The inner eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and thinking mind are empty of an outer form, sound, smell, taste, feeling, and dharma because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature. Outer forms, sounds, smells, tastes, feelings, and dharmas are empty of the inner eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and thinking mind because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature.
“That is called inner and outer emptiness.
“What is the emptiness of emptiness? The emptiness of that emptiness that is the emptiness of all dharmas is empty, because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of emptiness.
“What is great emptiness? [F.144.b] The eastern direction is empty of the eastern direction, the southern direction empty of the southern direction, the western direction empty of the western direction, and the northern direction empty of the northern direction because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. The above direction is empty of the above direction, and the below direction is empty of the below direction. Similarly, the intermediate directions are empty of the intermediate directions. And why? Because that is their basic nature.
“That is called great emptiness.
“What is the emptiness of ultimate reality? Ultimate reality is said to be nirvāṇa. Nirvāṇa is also empty of nirvāṇa because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of ultimate reality.
“What is the emptiness of the compounded? There the compounded is said to be the desire realm, the form realm, and the formless realm. The desire realm is empty of the desire realm, the form realm is empty of the form realm, and the formless realm is empty of the formless because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of the compounded.
“What is the emptiness of the uncompounded? There the uncompounded is said to be what has no production, no stopping, no destruction, no lasting, and no changing into something else. The uncompounded is empty of the uncompounded because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of the uncompounded.
“What is the emptiness of what transcends limits? That of which a limit is not found transcends limits. Because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed, what transcends limits is empty of what transcends limits. [F.145.a] And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of what transcends limits.
“What is the emptiness of no beginning and no end? That of which a beginning and an end are not found has no middle. That of which there is no beginning, end, or middle has no coming or going. A beginning, middle, and end are empty of a beginning, middle, and end because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of no beginning and no end.
“What is the emptiness of nonrepudiation? It is the nonrejection of any dharma at all. Nonrepudiation is empty of nonrepudiation because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of nonrepudiation.
“What is the emptiness of a basic nature? The basic nature of all dharmas, be they compounded or uncompounded, is not made by śrāvakas, is not made by pratyekabuddhas, is not made by bodhisattvas, and is not made by tathāgatas, worthy ones, perfectly complete buddhas. A basic nature is empty of a basic nature because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of a basic nature.
“What is the emptiness of all dharmas? All dharmas are said to be form, feeling, perception, volitional factors, and consciousness; eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and thinking mind; a form, a sound, a smell, a taste, a feeling, and a dharma; eye consciousness, ear consciousness, nose consciousness, tongue consciousness, body consciousness, and thinking-mind consciousness; eye [F.145.b] contact and ear, nose, tongue, body, and thinking-mind contact; feeling that arises from the condition of eye contact and feeling that arises from the condition of ear, nose, tongue, body, and thinking-mind contact; and dharmas that have form, formless dharmas, compounded dharmas, and uncompounded dharmas. Those are said to be all dharmas. All dharmas are empty of all dharmas because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of all dharmas.
“What is the emptiness of its own mark? The mark of form is something that shows itself,256 the mark of feeling is experience, the mark of perception is taking up, the mark of volitional factors is occasioning something, and the mark of consciousness is making conscious. Whatever the marks of compounded dharmas and whatever the marks of uncompounded dharmas, all those dharmas are each empty of their own marks because they are neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is their basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of its own mark.
“What is the emptiness of not apprehending? Any past, future, or present dharma cannot be apprehended. Pasts cannot be apprehended in a future, and futures cannot be apprehended in a past. Presents cannot be apprehended in a past and future. Not apprehending is empty of not apprehending because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of not apprehending.
“What is the emptiness of a nonexistent thing? It is that in which nothing can be apprehended. [F.146.a] The nonexistent thing is empty of the nonexistent thing because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of a nonexistent thing.
“What is the emptiness of an intrinsic nature? It is that in which no intrinsic nature can be apprehended. An intrinsic nature is empty of an intrinsic nature because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness of an intrinsic nature.
“What is the emptiness that is the nonexistence of an intrinsic nature? The intrinsic nature of a phenomenon that has arisen from a union does not exist, because phenomena have originated dependently. A union is empty of a union because it is neither unmoved nor destroyed. And why? Because that is its basic nature.
“That is called the emptiness that is the nonexistence of an intrinsic nature.
“Furthermore, Subhūti, in regard to what is called the emptiness that is the nonexistence of an intrinsic nature, an existent thing is empty of an existent thing, a nonexistent thing is empty of a nonexistent thing, intrinsic nature is empty of intrinsic nature, and a nature from something else is empty of a nature from something else.257
“What is an existent thing? That which is called an existent thing is the five aggregates. There you cannot apprehend those five aggregates, because they have not been produced. Hence an existent thing is empty of an existent thing.
“Why is a nonexistent thing also empty of a nonexistent thing? That which is called a nonexistent thing is the uncompounded. There the uncompounded is also empty of the uncompounded, so a nonexistent thing is also empty of a nonexistent thing.
“Why is intrinsic nature also empty of intrinsic nature? Intrinsic nature is unmistaken, basic nature. There that emptiness has not been made by knowledge and has not been made by seeing, hence the emptiness of an intrinsic nature.
“What is the emptiness of a nature from something else? It is this establishment of dharmas that simply remains whether the tathāgatas arise or whether the tathāgatas do not arise, the true nature of dharmas, the dharma [F.146.b] constituent, the certification of dharmas, suchness, unmistaken suchness, unaltered suchness, and the very limit of reality. Thus, that which is empty of something else is the emptiness of a nature from something else.
“That, Subhūti, is the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings.
“Furthermore, Subhūti, the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings is this: the meditative stabilization śūraṅgama, the meditative stabilization ratnamudra, the meditative stabilization siṃhavikrīḍita, the meditative stabilization sucandra, the meditative stabilization candradhvajaketu, the meditative stabilization sarvadharmodgata, the meditative stabilization vilokitamūrdhā, the meditative stabilization dharmadhātuniyata, the meditative stabilization niyatadhvajaketu, the meditative stabilization vajraratna, the meditative stabilization sarvadharmapraveśamudra, the meditative stabilization samādhirājasupratiṣṭhita,258 the meditative stabilization raśmipramukha, the meditative stabilization balavyūha, the meditative stabilization samudgata,259 the meditative stabilization niruktinirdeśapraveśa, the meditative stabilization adhivacanasaṃpraveśa, the meditative stabilization digvilokita, the meditative stabilization ādhāramudrā, the meditative stabilization asaṃpramoṣa, the meditative stabilization sarvadharmasamavasaraṇasāgaramudra,260 the meditative stabilization ākāśaspharaṇa, the meditative stabilization vajramaṇḍala, the meditative stabilization ratnajahā, the meditative stabilization vairocana, [F.147.a] the meditative stabilization aneṣa, the meditative stabilization aniketasthita, the meditative stabilization niścitta, the meditative stabilization vimalapradīpa, the meditative stabilization anantaprabha, the meditative stabilization prabhākara, the meditative stabilization samantāvabhāsa, the meditative stabilization śuddhasāra, the meditative stabilization vimalaprabha, the meditative stabilization ratikara, the meditative stabilization vidyutpradīpa, the meditative stabilization akṣaya, the meditative stabilization tejovatin, the meditative stabilization kṣayāpagata, the meditative stabilization āniñjya, the meditative stabilization avivartta, the meditative stabilization sūryapradīpa, the meditative stabilization candravimala, the meditative stabilization śuddhapratibhāsa, the meditative stabilization ālokakara, the meditative stabilization kārākāra, the meditative stabilization jñānaketu, the meditative stabilization vajropama, the meditative stabilization cittasthiti, the meditative stabilization samantāvaloka, the meditative stabilization supratiṣṭhita, the meditative stabilization ratnakoṭi, the meditative stabilization varadharmamudra, the meditative stabilization sarvadharmasamatā, the meditative stabilization ratijaha, the meditative stabilization dharmasamudgatapūrṇa, the meditative stabilization vikiraṇa, the meditative stabilization sarvadharmapadaprabheda, the meditative stabilization samākṣarāvakāra, the meditative stabilization akṣarāpagata, the meditative stabilization ārambanacchedaḥ, the meditative stabilization avikāra, [F.147.b] the meditative stabilization aprakāra, the meditative stabilization nāmaniyatapraveśa,261 the meditative stabilization aniketacārī, the meditative stabilization vitimirāpagata, the meditative stabilization cāritravatin, the meditative stabilization acala, the meditative stabilization viṣayatīrṇa, the meditative stabilization sarvaguṇasaṃcaya, the meditative stabilization sthitaniścitta, the meditative stabilization śubhapuṣpitaśuddhi, the meditative stabilization bodhyaṅgavatin, the meditative stabilization anantapratibhāna, the meditative stabilization asamasama, the meditative stabilization sarvadharmātikramaṇa, the meditative stabilization paricchedakara, the meditative stabilization vimativikaraṇa, the meditative stabilization niradhiṣṭhāna, the meditative stabilization ekavyūha, the meditative stabilization ākārābhinirhāra, the meditative stabilization ekākāra, the meditative stabilization ākārānavakāra, the meditative stabilization nairvedhikasarvabhavatamo’pagata, the meditative stabilization sarvasaṃketarūtapraveśa, the meditative stabilization sarvagirighoṣākṣaravimukta, the meditative stabilization jvalanolka,262 the meditative stabilization lakṣanapariśodhaṇa, the meditative stabilization anabhilakṣita,263 the meditative stabilization sarvākāravaropeta, the meditative stabilization sarvasukhaduḥkhanirabhinandin, the meditative stabilization akṣayakaraṇḍa, the meditative stabilization dhāraṇīmati, the meditative stabilization samyaktvamithyātvasarvasaṃgrasana, [F.148.a] the meditative stabilization sarvarodhanirodhasaṃpraśamana, the meditative stabilization anurodhāpratirodha,264 the meditative stabilization vimalaprabha,265 the meditative stabilization sāravatin, the meditative stabilization paripūrṇavimalacandraprabha, the meditative stabilization vidyutprabha,266 the meditative stabilization mahāvyūha, the meditative stabilization sarvākāraprabhākara,267 the meditative stabilization samādhisamata, the meditative stabilization araṇasamavasaraṇa,268 the meditative stabilization araṇasaraṇasarvasamavasaraṇa,269 the meditative stabilization anilambhaniketanirata, the meditative stabilization tathatāsthitiniścitta,270 the meditative stabilization kāyakalisaṃpramathana, the meditative stabilization vākkalividhvaṃsanagaganakalpa, and the meditative stabilization ākāśāsaṃgavimuktinirupalepa.
“What is the śūraṅgama meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization that causes an experience of the range of all meditative stabilizations is called the śūraṅgama meditative stabilization.
“What is the ratnamudra meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization sealed by all meditative stabilizations is called the ratnamudra meditative stabilization.
“What is the siṃhavikrīḍita meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which bodhisattvas271 sport with all meditative stabilizations is called the siṃhavikrīḍita meditative stabilization.
“What is the sucandra meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they illuminate all meditative stabilizations is called the sucandra meditative stabilization.
“What [F.148.b] is the candradhvajaketu meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they bear the royal ensign of all meditative stabilizations is called the candradhvajaketu meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvadharmodgata meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they distinguish themselves with all meditative stabilizations is called the sarvadharmodgata meditative stabilization.272
“What is the vilokitamūrdhā meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they look down on the peaks of all meditative stabilizations is called the vilokitamūrdhā meditative stabilization.
“What is the dharmadhātuniyata meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they move toward certainty about the dharma-constituent is called the dharmadhātuniyata meditative stabilization.
“What is the niyatadhvajaketu meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they bear the royal ensign of those assured of all meditative stabilizations is called the niyatadhvajaketu meditative stabilization.
“What is the vajraratna273 meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which meditative stabilizations are not broken apart is called the vajraratna meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvadharmapraveśamudra meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they enter into the seal of all dharmas is called the sarvadharmapraveśamudra meditative stabilization.
“What is the samādhirājasupratiṣṭhita meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they stand with a king-like stance in all meditative stabilizations is called the samādhirājasupratiṣṭhita meditative stabilization.274
“What is the raśmipramukha meditative stabilization? [F.149.a] The meditative stabilization standing in which they emit the light rays of all meditative stabilizations is called the raśmipramukha meditative stabilization.
“What is the balavyūha meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they set out an array of the powers of all meditative stabilizations is called the balavyūha meditative stabilization.
“What is the samudgata meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they perfectly accomplish all meditative stabilizations is called the samudgata meditative stabilization.
“What is the niruktinirdeśapraveśa meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they enter into expositions of the creative explanations of all meditative stabilizations is called the niruktinirdeśapraveśa meditative stabilization.
“What is the adhivacanasaṃpraveśa meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they enter into the names and words for all meditative stabilizations is called the adhivacanasaṃpraveśa meditative stabilization.
“What is the digvilokita meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they see the directions of all meditative stabilizations is called the digvilokita meditative stabilization.
“What is the ādhāramudrā meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they hold the seals of all meditative stabilizations is called the ādhāramudrā meditative stabilization.
“What is the asaṃpramoṣa meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they do not forget any meditative stabilization is called the asaṃpramoṣa meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvadharmasamavasaraṇasāgaramudra meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which all meditative stabilizations [F.149.b] are collected and into which they flow down is called the sarvadharmasamavasaraṇasāgaramudra meditative stabilization.
“What is the ākāśaspharaṇa meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they pervade all meditative stabilizations by pervading like space is called the ākāśaspharaṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the vajramaṇḍala meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they bear in mind the maṇḍalas of all meditative stabilizations is called the vajramaṇḍala meditative stabilization.
“What is the ratnajahā275 meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which it would be enough that they forsake the causal signs for afflictions, but they also forsake the causal signs of all meditative stabilizations as well. Therefore it is called the ratnajahā meditative stabilization.
“What is the vairocana meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they illuminate, irradiate, and light up276 all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the vairocana meditative stabilization.
“What is the aneṣa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not seek any dharma. Therefore it is called the aneṣa meditative stabilization.
“What is the aniketasthita meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see any dharma as a dwelling place to stand on. Therefore it is called the aniketasthita meditative stabilization.
“What is the niścitta meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which minds and mental factors do not operate. Therefore it is called the niścitta meditative stabilization.
“What is the vimalapradīpa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they are a stainless lamp for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore [F.150.a] it is called the vimalapradīpa meditative stabilization.
“What is the anantaprabha meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they are an infinite light for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the anantaprabha meditative stabilization.
“What is the prabhākara meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they make light for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the prabhākara meditative stabilization.
“What is the samantāvabhāsa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization that illuminates the entrances to all meditative stabilizations as soon as it is gained. Therefore it is called the samantāvabhāsa meditative stabilization.
“What is the śuddhasāra meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they gain the purity that is the same for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the śuddhasāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the vimalaprabha meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they clear away the stains of all meditative stabilizations and illuminate all meditative stabilizations.277 Therefore it is called the vimalaprabha meditative stabilization.
“What is the ratikara meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which causes an experience of the pleasure of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the ratikara meditative stabilization.
“What is the vidyutpradīpa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they act as a lamp to all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the vidyutpradīpa meditative stabilization.
“What is the akṣaya meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see the extinction or nonextinction of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the akṣaya meditative stabilization.
“What is the tejovatin meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they blaze with the splendor [F.150.b] and glory of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the tejovatin meditative stabilization.
“What is the kṣayāpagata meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see the extinction of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the kṣayāpagata meditative stabilization.
“What is the āniñjya meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not move, do not shake, do not falsely project, and do not construct any meditative stabilizations in thought. Therefore it is called the āniñjya meditative stabilization.
“What is the avivartta meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see a turning278 in any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the avivartta meditative stabilization.
“What is the sūryapradīpa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they illuminate the entrance of the light rays of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the sūryapradīpa meditative stabilization.
“What is the candravimala meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they lift the darkness of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the candravimala meditative stabilization.
“What is the śuddhapratibhāsa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they obtain the four detailed and thorough knowledges of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the śuddhapratibhāsa meditative stabilization.
“What is the ālokakara meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they illuminate all meditative stabilization gateways. Therefore it is called the ālokakara meditative stabilization.
“What is the kārākāra meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do the forms of work of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore [F.151.a] it is called the kārākāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the jñānaketu meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they see the knowledge victory banner of all meditative stabilizations is called the jñānaketu meditative stabilization.279
“What is the vajropama meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they bore into all dharmas so that they do not see even the meditative stabilization is called the vajropama meditative stabilization.
“What is the cittasthiti meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which their mind does not move, does not turn back, does not believe, does not get depressed, and does not think ‘this is mind.’ Therefore it is called the cittasthiti meditative stabilization.
“What is the samantāvaloka meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they see illumination all around. Therefore it is called the samantāvaloka meditative stabilization.
“What is the supratiṣṭhita meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they are well established in all meditative stabilizations is called the supratiṣṭhita meditative stabilization.
“What is the ratnakoṭi280 meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which all meditative stabilizations look like they are edged with jewels. Therefore it is called the ratnakoṭi meditative stabilization.
“What is the varadharmamudra meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which all meditative stabilizations are sealed because they are sealed at their edges with the absence of a seal.281 Therefore it is called the varadharmamudra meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvadharmasamatā meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they see, apart from sameness, no dharma at all. [F.151.b] Therefore it is called the sarvadharmasamatā meditative stabilization.
“What is the ratijaha meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they forsake the pleasure of all meditative stabilizations and all dharmas. Therefore it is called the ratijaha meditative stabilization.
“What is the dharmasamudgatapūrṇa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they become distinguished by all dharmas and complete all buddhadharmas. Therefore it is called the dharmasamudgatapūrṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the vikiraṇa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they strew all dharmas about with all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the vikiraṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvadharmapadaprabheda meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they differentiate the words for all meditative stabilizations and all dharmas. Therefore it is called the sarvadharmapadaprabheda meditative stabilization.
“What is the samākṣarāvakāra meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they reach the state where the letters for all meditative stabilizations are the same is called the samākṣarāvakāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the akṣarāpagata meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which one does not find even one letter for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the akṣarāpagata meditative stabilization.
“What is the ārambanacchedaḥ meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they cut off the objective support for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the ārambanacchedaḥ meditative stabilization.
“What is the avikāra meditative stabilization? [F.152.a] It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not find a distortion of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the avikāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the aprakāra meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not find an aspect of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the aprakāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the aniketacārī meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not find a dwelling for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the aniketacārī meditative stabilization.
“What is the vitimirāpagata meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they eliminate the visual distortion of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the vitimirāpagata meditative stabilization.
“What is the cāritravatin meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they see the activity282 of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the cāritravatin meditative stabilization.
“What is the acala meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see movement in any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the acala meditative stabilization.
“What is the viṣayatīrṇa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they transcend the object of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the viṣayatīrṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvaguṇasaṃcaya meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they gain the collection of good qualities of all dharmas and of all meditative stabilizations is called the sarvaguṇasaṃcaya meditative stabilization.
“What is the sthitaniścitta meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which the mind [F.152.b] does not operate in any meditative stabilization is called the sthitaniścitta meditative stabilization.
“What is the śubhapuṣpitaśuddhi meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they gain the purity of the blooming flower of goodness is called the śubhapuṣpitaśuddhi meditative stabilization.
“What is the bodhyaṅgavatin meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they gain the seven limbs of awakening is called the bodhyaṅgavatin meditative stabilization.
“What is the anantapratibhāna meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they gain a limitless confident readiness to explain all meditative stabilizations is called the anantapratibhāna meditative stabilization.
“What is the asamasama meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they gain the equal to the unequaled in all meditative stabilizations is called the asamasama meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvadharmātikramaṇa meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they go beyond all three realms is called the sarvadharmātikramaṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the paricchedakara meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which the delimitation of all dharmas and all meditative stabilizations is seen is called the paricchedakara meditative stabilization.
“What is the vimativikaraṇa meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they get to disperse doubt about all phenomena and all meditative stabilizations is called the vimativikaraṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the niradhiṣṭhāna meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which [F.153.a] they do not see a basis for all phenomena is called the niradhiṣṭhāna meditative stabilization.
“What is the ekavyūha meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see a duality in any phenomenon is called the ekavyūha meditative stabilization.
“What is the ākārābhinirhāra meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they do not283 see the consummation of the aspect of any dharma or any meditative stabilization is called the ākārābhinirhāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the ekākāra meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see an aspect of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the ekākāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the ākārānavakāra meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they see the nonduality of all meditative stabilizations is called the ākārānavakāra meditative stabilization.
“What is the nairvedhikasarvabhavatamo’pagata meditative stabilization? The meditative stabilization standing in which they obtain knowledge that realizes all meditative stabilizations, even while those obtaining it do not specifically realize any dharma is called the nairvedhikasarvabhavatamo’pagata meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvasaṃketarūtapraveśa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they enter into the conventional terms and sounds for all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the sarvasaṃketarūtapraveśa meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvagirighoṣākṣaravimukta meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they see all meditative stabilizations [F.153.b] as free from letters. Therefore it is called the sarvagirighoṣākṣaravimukta meditative stabilization.
“What is the jvalanolka meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they illuminate, irradiate, and light up all meditative stabilizations with splendor. Therefore it is called the jvalanolka meditative stabilization.
“What is the lakṣanapariśodhaṇa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they purify the marks of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the lakṣanapariśodhaṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the anabhilakṣita meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they see all meditative stabilizations without their being distinguished. Therefore it is called the anabhilakṣita meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvākāravaropeta meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which all meditative stabilizations become furnished with the supreme of all aspects. Therefore it is called the sarvākāravaropeta meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvasukhaduḥkhanirabhinandin meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see happiness or suffering. Therefore it is called the sarvasukhaduḥkhanirabhinandin meditative stabilization.
“What is the akṣayakaraṇḍa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see the extinction of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the akṣayakaraṇḍa meditative stabilization.
“What is the dhāraṇīmati meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they bear in mind all dhāraṇīs. Therefore it is called the dhāraṇīmati [F.154.a] meditative stabilization.
“What is the samyaktvamithyātvasarvasaṃgrasana meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see a right or wrong of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the samyaktvamithyātvasarvasaṃgrasana meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvarodhanirodhasaṃpraśamana meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see the prevention or stopping of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the sarvarodhanirodhasaṃpraśamana meditative stabilization.
“What is the anurodhāpratirodha meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see the harmony or nonopposition of any dharma or any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the anurodhāpratirodha meditative stabilization.
“What is the vimalaprabha meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not apprehend the light circle of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the vimalaprabha meditative stabilization.
“What is the sāravatin meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not apprehend the absence of a core of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the sāravatin meditative stabilization.
“What is the paripūrṇavimalacandraprabha meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which all meditative stabilizations are completed, like the full moon. Therefore it is called the paripūrṇavimalacandraprabha meditative stabilization.
“What is the mahāvyūha284 meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they are endowed with the great array [F.154.b] of all meditative stabilizations. Therefore it is called the mahāvyūha meditative stabilization.
“What is the sarvākāraprabhākara meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they make the light of all meditative stabilizations and all dharmas. Therefore it is called the sarvākāraprabhākara meditative stabilization.
“What is the samādhisamata meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see distraction or onepointedness. Therefore it is called the samādhisamata meditative stabilization.
“What is the araṇasamavasaraṇa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which the meditative stabilizations do not afflict. Therefore it is called the araṇasamavasaraṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the araṇasaraṇasarvasamavasaraṇa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which the meditative stabilizations do not emit any noise. Therefore it is called the araṇasaraṇasarvasamavasaraṇa meditative stabilization.
“What is the anilambhaniketanirata meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not apprehend a foundation of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the anilambhaniketanirata meditative stabilization.
“What is the tathatāsthitiniścitta meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not regress from the suchness of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the tathatāsthitiniścitta meditative stabilization.
“What is the kāyakalisaṃpramathana meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not see the body of any meditative stabilization. Therefore [F.155.a] it is called the kāyakalisaṃpramathana meditative stabilization.
“What is the vākkalividhvaṃsanagaganakalpa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they do not apprehend the speech action of any meditative stabilization. Therefore it is called the vākkalividhvaṃsanagaganakalpa meditative stabilization.
“What is the ākāśāsaṃgavimuktinirupalepa meditative stabilization? It is the meditative stabilization standing in which they reach all phenomena as space-like and without attachment, hence free and without blemish. Therefore it is called the ākāśāsaṃgavimuktinirupalepa meditative stabilization.
“That, Subhūti, is the Great Vehicle of bodhisattva great beings practicing the perfection of wisdom.”
This was the fifteenth chapter, “Meditative Stabilization,” of “The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines.” [B12]
Colophon
The Noble Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines is completed. It has been translated, proofed, and prepared for publication by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra, Surendrabodhi, Yeshé Dé, and so on.1131
Abbreviations
| AAV | Āryavimuktisena (’phags pa rnam grol sde). ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi tshig le’ur byas pa’i rnam par ’grel pa (Āryapañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñā-pāramitopadeśaśāstrābhisamayālaṃkārakārikāvārttika). |
|---|---|
| AAVN | Āryavimuktisena. Abhisamayālamkāravrtti (mistakenly titled Abhisamayālaṅkāravyākhyā). Nepal German Manuscript Preservation Project A 37/9, National Archives Kathmandu Accession Number 5/55. The numbers follow the page numbering of Sparham’s undated, unpublished transliteration of the part of the manuscript not included in Pensa 1967. |
| Abhisamayālaṃkāra | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan zhes bya ba tshig le’ur byas pa (Abhisamayālaṃkāra-nāma-prajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrakārikā) [The Ornament for the Clear Realizations]. Numbering of the verses as in the Unrai Wogihara edition: Abhisamayālaṃkārālokā Prajñāpāramitā Vyākhyā: The Work of Haribhadra. |
| Amano | Amano, Koei H. Abhisamayālaṃkāra-kārikā-śāstra-vivṛti. |
| Aṣṭa | Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā. Page numbers are Wogihara (1973) that includes the edition of Mitra (1888). |
| Buddhaśrī | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa’i tshig su byas pa’i dka’ ’grel (Prajñāpāramitāsaṃcayagāthāpañjikā). |
| Bṭ1 | Anonymous/Daṃṣṭrāsena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum gyi rgya cher ’grel (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitābṛhaṭṭīkā) [Bṛhaṭṭīkā]. |
| Bṭ3 | Vasubandhu/Daṃṣṭrāsena. ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum dang / nyi khri lnga sgong pa dang / khri brgyad stong pa rgya cher bshad pa (Āryaśatasāhasrikāpañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāṣṭādaśa-sāhasrikāprajñāpāramitābṭhaṭṭīkā) [Bṛhaṭṭīkā]. English translation in Sparham 2022. |
| C | Choné (co ne) Kangyur and Tengyur. |
| D | Degé (sde dge) Kangyur and Tengyur. |
| Edg | Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary. |
| Eight Thousand | Conze, Edward. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines & Its Verse Summary. |
| GRETIL | Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages. |
| Ghoṣa | Ghoṣa, Pratāpachandra, ed. Śatasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā. |
| Gilgit | Gilgit Buddhist Manuscripts. |
| GilgitC | Edward Conze, ed. and trans. The Gilgit Manuscript of the Aṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā: Chapters 55 to 70 Corresponding to the 5th Abhisamaya. |
| Gyurme (khri pa) | Gyurme Dorje. The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines. |
| H | Lhasa (zhol) Kangyur and Tengyur. |
| K | Peking (Kangxi) Kangyur and Tengyur. |
| LC | Lokesh Candra. Tibetan Sanskrit Dictionary. |
| LSPW | Conze, Edward. The Large Sutra on Perfection Wisdom (Conze 1984). |
| MDPL | Conze, Edward. Materials for a Dictionary of the Prajñāpāramitā Literature. |
| MQ | Conze, Edward and Shotaro Iida. “Maitreya’s Questions” in the Prajñāpāramitā. |
| MW | Monier-Williams, M. A. A Sanskrit–English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages. |
| Mppś | Lamotte, Étienne. Le Traité de la Grande Vertu de Sagesse de Nāgārjuna (Mahāprajñā-pāramitā-śāstra). |
| Mppś English | Gelongma Karma Migme Chodron. The Treatise on the Great Virtue of Wisdom of Nāgārjuna. |
| Mvy | Mahāvyutpatti (bye brag tu rtogs par byed pa chen po). |
| N | Narthang (snar thang) Kangyur and Tengyur. |
| NAK | National Archives Kathmandu. |
| NGMPP | Nepal German Manuscript Preservation Project. |
| PSP | Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā. |
| RecA | Skt and Tib editions of Recension A in Yuyama 1976. |
| RecAs | Sanskrit Recension A in Yuyama 1976. |
| RecAt | Tibetan Recension A in Yuyama 1976. |
| S | Stok Palace (stog pho brang bris ma) Kangyur. |
| Skt | Sanskrit. |
| Subodhinī | Attributed to Haribhadra. bcom ldan ’das yon tan rin po che sdud pa’i tshig su byas pa’i dka’ ’grel shes bya ba (Bhagavadratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā-pañjikānāma) [“Easy Pañjikā”]. |
| Thempangma | bka’ ’gyur rgyal rtse’i them spang ma. |
| Tib | Tibetan. |
| Toh | Tōhoku Imperial University A Complete Catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons (bkaḥ-ḥgyur and bstan-ḥgyur). |
| Wogihara | Unrai Wogihara. Abhisamayālaṃkārālokā Prajñāpāramitā Vyākhyā: The Work of Haribhadra. |
| Z | Zacchetti, Stefano. In Praise of the Light. |
| brgyad stong pa | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Eight Thousand]. |
| khri brgyad stong pa | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines]. |
| khri pa | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri pa (Daśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [The Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines, Toh 11]. |
| le’u brgyad ma | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Haribhadra’s “Eight Chapters”]. Citations are from the 1976–79 Karmapae chodhey gyalwae sungrab partun khang edition, first the Tib vol. letter, followed by the folio and line number. |
| nyi khri | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [The Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines]. |
| rgyan snang | Haribhadra. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i bshad pa mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi snang ba (Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā-vyākhyānābhisamayālaṃkārālokā) [Illumination of the Abhisamayālaṃkāra]. |
| ŚsPK | Śatasāhasrikāprajñaparamitā. |
| ŚsPN3 | Śatasāhasrikāprajñaparamitā NGMPP A 115/3, NAK Accession Number 3/632. Numbering of the scanned pages. |
| ŚsPN4 | Śatasāhasrikāprajñaparamitā NGMPP B 91/3, NAK Accession Number 3/633. Numbering of the scanned pages. |
| ŚsPN4/2 | Śatasāhasrikāprajñaparamitā NGMPP B 91/3, NAK Accession Number 3/633 (part two). Numbering of the scanned pages. |
| ’bum | shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines]. Citations are from the 1976–79 Karmapae chodhey gyalwae sungrab partun khang edition, first the Tib letter in italics of the vol., followed by the folio and line number. |
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Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [The Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines]. GRETIL edition input by Klaus Wille (Göttingen), based on the edition by Takayasu Kimura. Tokyo: Sankibo Busshorin 2007–9 (1-1, 1–2), 1986 (2–3), 1990 (4), 1992 (5), 2006 (6–8).
Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā [The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines]. Ed. Wogihara (1973) incorporating Mitra (1888).
Abhisamayālaṃkāranāmaprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstra [The Ornament for the Clear Realizations]. Ed. Wogihara (1973).
Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [The Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines]. Dutt, Nalinaksha. Calcutta Oriental Series 28. London: Luzac, 1934. Reprint edition, Sri Satguru Publications, 1986.
Secondary References
Sūtras
rgya cher rol pa (Lalitavistara) [The Play in Full]. Toh 95, Degé Kangyur vol. 46 (mdo sde, kha), folios 1.b–216.b; Lhasa Kangyur 96, vol. 48 (mdo sde, kha), folios 1.b–352.a. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2013.
dam pa’i chos dran pa nye bar gzhag pa (Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna). Toh 287, Degé Kangyur, vols. 68–71 (mdo sde, ya–sha), folios ya.82.a–sha.229.b. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2020a.
dam pa’i chos pad ma dkar po (Saddharmapuṇḍarika) [The White Lotus of the Good Dharma]. Toh 113, Degé Kangyur vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1.b–180.b. English translation in Roberts 2018.
de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying rje chen po nges par bstan pa (Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśa) [Great Compassion of the Tathāgata Sūtra] [Dhāraṇīśvararāja]. Toh 147, Degé Kangyur vol. 57 (mdo sde, pa), folios 142.a–242.b; Lhasa Kangyur vol. 57 (mdo sde, da), folios 153.b–319.a. English translation in Burchardi 2020.
de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying po (Tathāgatagarbha) [Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra]. Toh 258, Dege Kangyur vol. 66 (mdo sde, za), folios 245.b–259.b; Lhasa Kangyur 260, vol. 67 (mdo sde, zha), folios 1.b–24.a.
de bzhin gshegs pa’i gsang ba bsam gyis mi khyab pa’i bstan pa (Tathāgatācintyaguhyakanirdeśa) [Explanation of the Inconceivable Secrets of the Tathāgatas]. Toh 47, Degé Kangyur vol. 39 (dkon brtsegs, ka), folios 100.a–203.a; Lhasa Kangyur vol. 35 (dkon brtsegs, ka), folios 151.a–313.b. English translation in Fiordalis, David. and Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2023.
dri ma med par grags pas bstan pa (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa) [The Teaching of Vimalakīrti]. Toh 176, Degé Kangyur vol. 60 (mdo sde, ma), folios 175.a–239.b. English translation in Thurman 2017.
mdo chen po stong pa nyid ces bya ba (Śūnyatānāmamahāśūtra) [Śūnyatā Sūtra]. Toh 290, Degé Kangyur vol. 71 (mdo sde, sha), folios 250.a–253.b; Lhasa Kangyur 293, vol. 71 (mdo sde, ra), folios 476.b–482.a.
chos bcu pa (Daśadharmaka) [The Ten Dharmas Sūtra]. Toh 53, Degé Kangyur vol. 40 (dkon brtsegs, kha), folios 164.a–184.b.
tshangs pa’i dra ba (Brahmajāla) [Brahma’s Net Sūtra]. Toh 352, Degé Kangyur vol. 76 (mdo sde, aH), folios 70.b–86.a; Lhasa Kangyur 360, vol. 76 (mdo sde, a), folios 111.a–135.b.
byang chub sems dpa’i sde snod (Bodhisattvapiṭaka) [Bodhisattva Piṭaka Sūtra]. Toh 56, Degé Kangyur vols. 40–41 (dkon brtsegs, kha–ga), folios kha.255.b–ga.205.b; Lhasa Kangyur 56, vol. 37 (dkon brtsegs, ga), folios 1.b–380.b. English translation in Norwegian Institute of Palaeography and Historical Philology 2023.
za ma tog bkod pa (Kāraṇḍavyūha). Toh 116, Degé Kangyur, vol. 51 (mdo sde, pa), folios 200.a–247.b. English translation in Roberts 2013.
lang kar gshegs pa (Laṅkāvatāra) [The Descent to Laṅkā Sūtra]. Toh 107, Degé Kangyur vol. 49 (mdo sde, ca), folios 56.a–191.b.
blo gros rgya mtshos zhus pa (Sāgaramatiparipṛcchā) [The Questions of Sāgaramati. Toh 152, Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha), folios 1.b–115.b; Lhasa Kangyur 153, vol. 58 (mdo sde, na), folios 1.b–180.a. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2020b.
blo gros mi zad pas bstan pa (Akṣayamatinirdeśa) [The Teaching of Akṣayamati]. Toh 175, Degé Kangyur vol. 60 (mdo sde, ma), folios 79.a–174.b; Lhasa Kangyur 176, vol. 60 (mdo sde, pha), folios 122.b–270.b. English translation in Braarvig and Welsh 2020.
shes rab snying po (Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya). Toh 21, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (sher phyin, ka), folios 144.b–146.a; Toh 531, Degé Kangyur vol. 88 (rgyud, na), folios 94.b–95.b. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2022.
sa bcu pa’i mdo (Daśabhūmikasūtra) [The Ten Levels Sūtra]. Lhasa Kangyur 94, vol. 43 (phal chen, ga), folios 67.a–234.b. English translation in Roberts 2021.
sangs rgyas phal po che zhes bya ba shin tu rgyas pa chen po (Buddhāvataṃsakanāmamahāvaipūlya) [Avataṃsaka Sūtra]. Toh 44, Degé Kangyur vols. 35–36 (phal chen, ka–a); Lhasa Kangyur 94, vols. 41–46 (phal chen, ka–cha).
lha mo dpal ’phreng gi seng ge’i sgra (Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanāda) [The Lion’s Roar of the Goddess Śrīmālā]. Toh 92, Degé Kangyur vol. 44 (dkon brtsegs, cha), folios 255.a–277.b.
Indic Commentaries
Abhayākaragupta. thub pa’i dgongs pa’i rgyan (Munimatālaṃkāra) [“Thought of the Sage”]. Toh 3903, Degé Tengyur vol. 211 (dbu ma, a), folios 73.b–293.a.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i ’grel pa gnad kyi zla ’od (Āṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāvṛttimarmakaumudī) [“Moonlight”]. Toh 3805, Degé Tengyur vol. 90 (shes phyin, da), folios 1.b–228.a.
Anonymous/Daṃṣṭrāsena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum gyi rgya cher ’grel (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitābṛhaṭṭīkā) [“Detailed Explanation of the One Hundred Thousand”]. Toh 3807, Degé Tengyur vols. 91–92 (shes phyin, na–pa).
Āryavimuktisena. ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi tshig le’ur byas pa’i rnam par ’grel pa (Āryapañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrābhisamayālaṃkārakārikāvārttika) [“Āryavimuktisena’s Commentary”]. Toh 3787, Degé Tengyur vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), folios 14.b–212.a.
Asaṅga. theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma’i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā) [“Explanation of the Uttaratantra”]. Toh 4025, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), folios 74.b–129.a.
———. theg pa chen po bsdus pa (Mahāyānasaṃgraha). Toh 4048, Degé Tengyur vol. 236 (sems tsam, ri), folios 1.b–43.a.
———. rnal ’byor spyod pa’i sa (Yogācārabhūmi) [“The Yogācāra Levels”]. Toh 4035–4042, Degé Tengyur vol. 229 (sems tsam, tshi–’i), folios tshi.1.b–’i.68.b.
———. rnal ’byor spyod pa’i sa las byang chub sems dpa’i sa (Bodhisattvabhūmi) [“The Bodhisattva Levels”]. Toh 4037, Degé Tengyur vol. 231 (sems tsam, wi), folios 1.b–213.a.
Asaṅga/Maitreya. theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma’i bstan bcos (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstraratnagotravibhāga) [Uttaratantra]. Toh 4024, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), folios 54.b–73.a.
Asvabhāva. theg pa chen po bsdus pa’i bshad sbyar (Mahāyānasaṃgrahopanibandhana) [“Explanation of the Mahāyānasaṃgraha”]. Toh 4051 Degé Tengyur vol. 236 (sems tsam, ri), folios 190.b–296.a.
Bhadanta Vimuktisena (btsun pa grol sde). ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi tshig le’ur byas pa’i rnam par ’grel pa (*Āryapañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitopadeśa-śāstrābhisamayālaṃkārakārikāvārttika) [“Bhadanta’s Commentary”]. Toh 3788, Degé Tengyur vol. 81 (shes phyin, kha), folios 1.b–181.a.
Buddhaśrī. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa’i tshig su byas pa’i dka’ ’grel (Prajñāpāramitāsaṃcayagāthāpañjikā) [“Buddhaśrī’s Explanation of the Jewel Qualities”]. Toh 3798, Degé Tengyur (shes phyin, nya), folios 116.a–189.b.
Daśabalaśrīmitra. ’dus byas ’dus ma byas rnam par nges pa (Saṃskṛtāsaṃskṛtaviniścaya) [“Determination of Compounded and Uncompounded Phenomena”]. Toh 3897, Degé Tengyur (dbu ma, ha), folios 109.a–317.a.
Dharmatrāta. ched du brjod pa’i tshoms (Udānavarga) [“Compilation of Udānas”]. Toh 4099, Degé Tengyur vol. 250 (mngon pa, tu), folios 1.b–45.a; Toh 326, Degé Kangyur vol. 72 (mdo sde, sa), folios 209.a–253.a.
Haribhadra. bcom ldan ’das yon tan rin po che sdud pa’i tshig su byas pa’i dka’ ’grel shes bya ba (Bhagavadratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā-pañjikānāma/Subodhinī) [“Easy Pañjikā”]. Toh 3792, Degé Tengyur vol. 86 (shes phyin, ja), folios 1.b–78.a.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i bshad pa mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi snang ba (Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāvyākhyānābhisamayālaṃkārālokā) [“Illumination of the Abhisamayālaṃkāra”]. Toh 3791, Degé Tengyur vol. 85 (shes phyin, cha), folios 1.b–341.a.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i ’grel pa (Abhisamayālaṃkāranāmaprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstravṛtti) [“Clear Meaning Commentary”]. Toh 3793, Degé Tengyur vol. 86 (shes phyin, ja), folios 78.b–140.a.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [“Eight Chapters”]. Toh 3790, Degé Tengyur vols. 82–84 (shes phyin, ga–ca), folios ga.1.a–ca.342.a.
Jñānavajra. ’phags pa lang kar gshegs pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo’i ’grel pa de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying po’i rgyan zhes bya ba (Āryalaṅkāvatāranāmamahāyānasūtravṛttitathāgatahṛdayālaṃkāranāma) [“Commentary on the Descent to Laṅkā Sūtra”]. Toh 4019, Degé Tengyur vol. 122 (mdo ’grel, pi), folios 1.b–310.a.
Maitreya. theg pa chen po mdo sde’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa (Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkārakārikā) [“Ornament for the Mahāyāna Sūtras”]. Toh 4020, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), folios 1.b–39.a.
———. dbus dang mtha’ rnam par ’byed pa’i tshig le’ur byas pa (Madhyāntavibhāga) [“Delineation of the Middle and Extremes”]. Toh 4021, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), folios 40.b–45.a.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan zhes bya ba tshig le’ur byas pa, sde dge, (Abhisamayālaṃkāranāmaprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrakārikā) [The Ornament for the Clear Realizations]. Toh 3786, Degé Tengyur vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), folios 1.b–13.a.
Mañjuśrīkīrti. ’phags pa chos thams cad kyi rang bzhin mnyam pa nyid rnam par spros pa’i ting nge ’dzin kyi rgyal po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo’i ’grel pa grags pa’i phreng ba (Sarvadharmasvabhāvasamatāvipañcitasamādhirājanāmamahāyānasūtraṭīkākīrtimālā) [“Samādhirājasūtra Commentary”]. Toh 3897, Degé Tengyur (mdo ’grel, nyi), folios 1.b–163.b.
Nāgārjuna. dbu ma rtsa ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa shes rab ces bya ba (Prajñānāmamūlamadhyamakakārikā) [“Root Verses on Wisdom”]. Toh 3897, Degé Tengyur vol. 198 (dbu ma, tsa), folios 1.b–19.a.
Prajñāvardhan. ched du brjod pa’i tshoms kyi rnam par ’grel pa (Udānavargavivaraṇa) [“Explanation of the Udānavārga”]. Toh 4100, Degé Tengyur vols. 148–49 (mngon pa, tu–thu), folios tu.45.b–thu.222.a.
Pūrṇavardana. chos mngon par chos kyi ’grel bshad mtshan nyid kyi rjes su ’brang ba (Abhidharmakośaṭīkālakṣaṇānusāriṇī) [“Explanation of the Treasury of Knowledge”]. Toh 4093, Degé Tengyur vols. 144–45 (mngon pa, cu–chu), folios cu.1.b–chu.322.a.
Ratnākaraśānti. mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi ’grel pa’i tshig le’ur byas pa’i ’grel pa dag ldan (Abhisamayālaṃkārakārikāvṛittiśuddhamatī) [“Purity”]. Toh 3801, Degé Tengyur vol. 88 (shes phyin, ta), folios 76.a–204.a.
———. nam mkha’ dang mnyam pa zhes bya ba’i rgya cher ’grel pa (Khasamānāmaṭīkā) [“Explanation of the Khasamā”]. Toh 1424, Degé Tengyur vol. 21 (rgyud, wa), folios 153.a–171.a.
———. ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i dka’ ’grel snying po mchog (Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottamā) [Sāratamā]. Toh 3803, Degé Tengyur vol. 89 (shes phyin, tha), folios 1.b–230.a.
Sāgaramegha (rgya mtsho sprin). rnal ’byor spyod pa’i sa las byang chub sems dpa’i sa’i rnam par bshad pa (Bodhisattvabhūmivyākhyā) [“Explanation of the Bodhisattva Levels”]. Toh 4047, Degé Tengyur vol. 235 (sems tsam, yi), folios 1.b–338.a.
Śrījagattalanivāsin. bcom ldan ’das ma’i man ngag gi rjes su brang ba zhes bya ba’i rnam par bshad pa (Bhagavatyāmnāyānusāriṇīnāmavyākhyā) [“Commentary Following the Tradition”]. Toh 3811, Degé Tengyur vol. 94 (shes phyin, ba), folios 1.b–320.a.
Sthiramati. mdo sde rgyan gyi ’grel bshad (Sūtrālaṃkāravṛttibhāṣya) [“Commentary on the Ornament for the Sūtras”]. Toh 4034, Degé Tengyur vols. 227–28 (sems tsam, ma–tsi).
Vasubandhu. chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi tshig le’ur byas pa (Abhidharmakośakārikā) [“The Treasury of Knowledge”]. Toh 4089, Degé Tengyur vol. 242 (mngon pa, ku), folios 1.b–25.a.
———. chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi bshad pa (Abhidharmakośabhāṣya) [“Autocommentary to The Treasury of Knowledge”]. Toh 4090, Degé Tengyur vols. 242–43 (mngon pa, ku–khu), folios ku.26.a–khu.95.a.
———. mdo sde’i rgyan gyi bshad pa (Sūtrālaṃkāravyākhyā) [“Explanation of the Ornament for the Sūtras”]. Toh 4026, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), folios 129.b–260.a.
———. dbus dang mtha’ rnam par ’byed pa’i ’grel pa (Madhyāntavibhāgabhāṣya) [“Explanation of The Delineation of the Middle and Extremes”]. Toh, 4027, Degé Tengyur vol. 226 (sems tsam, bi), folios 1.b–27.a.
———. ’phags pa bcom ldan ’das ma shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa rdo rje gcod pa’i don bdun gyi rgya cher ’grel pa (Āryabhagavatīprajñāpāramitāvajracchedikāsaptārthaṭīkā) [“Explanation of The Diamond Sūtra”]. Toh 3816, Degé Tengyur vol. 95 (shes phyin, ma), folios 178.a–203.b.
———. ’phags pa blo gros mi zad pas bstan pa rgya cher ’grel pa (Āryākṣayamatinirdeśaṭīkā) [“Long Explanation of The Teaching of Akṣayamati”]. Toh 3994, Degé Tengyur vol. 114 (mdo ’grel, ci), folios 1.b–269.a.
———. ’phags pa sa bcu pa’i rnam par bshad pa (Āryadaśabhūmivyākhyāna) [“Explanation of The Ten Level Sūtra”]. Toh 3993, Degé Tengyur vol. 215 (mdo sde, ngi), folios 103.b–266.a.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa rdo rje gcod pa bshad pa’i bshad sbyar gyi tshig le’ur byas pa (Vajracchedikāyāḥprajñāpāramitāyā vyākhyānopanibandhanakārikā) [“Verse Explanation of the Diamond Sūtra”]. Lhasa Tengyur 5864, vol. 146 (ngo mtshar bstan bcos, nyo), folios 1.a–5.b.
Vasubandhu/Daṃṣṭrāsena. ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum dang / nyi khri lnga sgong pa dang / khri brgyad stong pa rgya cher bshad pa (Āryaśatasāhasrikāpañcaviṃśati-sāhasrikāṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitābṛhaṭṭīkā) [“Long Explanation of the One Hundred, Twenty-Five, and Eighteen Thousand”/“Detailed Explanation of the Three Sūtras”]. Toh 3808, Degé Tengyur vol. 93 (shes phyin, pha), folios 1.b–291.b. English translation in Sparham 2022.
Indigenous Tibetan Works
Ar Changchup Yeshé (ar byang chub ye shes). mngon rtogs rgyan gyi ’grel pa rnam ’byed [“Disentanglement of Haribhadra’s Exposition of Maitreya’s ‘Ornament for the Clear Realizations’]. In ar byang chub ye shes kyi gsung chos skor, bka’ gdams dpe dkon gches btus, vol. 2. Edited by dpal brtsegs bod yig dpe rnying zhib ’jug khang. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006.
Bodong Tsöntru Dorjé (bo dong brtson ’grus rdo rje). shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi ’grel bshad shes rab mchog gi rgyan (stod cha) [“Ornament for the Supreme Wisdom”]. ’phags yul rgyan drug mchog gnyis kyi zhal lung, vol. 11, pp. 22–565.
Butön (bu ston rin chen grub). bde bar gshegs pa’i bstan pa’i gsal byed chos kyi ’byung gnas gsung rab rin po che’i mdzod/ chos ’byung chen mo [“History of Indian Buddhism”]. In zhol phar khang gsung ’bum, vol. 26 (ya), folios 1.b–212.a.
Chim Namkha Drak (mchims nam mkha’ grags). shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i stong phrag brgya pa gzhung gi don rnam par ’byed pa’i bshad pa [“Summary Explanation of the One Hundred Thousand”]. ’phags yul rgyan drug mchog gnyis kyi zhal lung, vol. 8, pp. 217–468.
Chomden Rikpé Reltri (bcom ldan rigs pa’i ral gri). shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phra brgya pa rgyan gyi me tog [“Flower Ornament for the Clear Realizations”]. gsung ’bum, Kamtrul Sonam Dondrub typeset edition, vol. ca.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i ’grel bshad mngon par rtogs pa rgyan gyi me tog [“Flower Ornament for the Clear Realizations”]. gsung ’bum, Kamtrul Sonam Dondrub typeset edition, vol. ga.
Dolpopa (dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan). ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi su lnga pa’i bshad pa [“Explanation of the Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines”]. In jo nang kun mkhyen dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan gyi gsung ’bum (glog klad ma gsungs ’bum), vol. 6, pp. 1–279. Edited by dpal brtsegs bod yig dpe rnying zhib ’jug khang. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang, 2011.
———. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri brgyad stong pa’i mchan bu zur du bkod pa (stod cha) [“Notes to the Eight Thousand”]. ’dzam thang gsum ’bum, vol. ma, 5.3–134. BDRC W21208.
Jamsar Shérap Wozer (’jam gsar ba shes rab ’od zer). mngon rtogs rgyan gyi ’grel bshad ’thad pa’i ’od ’bar [“Blaze of What Is Tenable”]. In ’phags yul rgyan drug mchog gnyis kyi zhal lung, vol. 9, pp. 22–458.
Lui Gyaltsen (klu’i rgyal mtshan [byang chub rdzu ’phrul]). ’phags pa dgongs pa nges par ’grel pa’i mdo’i rnam par bshad pa (Āryasaṃdhinirmocanasūtravyākhyāna) [“Explanation of the Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra”] Toh 4358, Degé Tengyur vol. 205 (sna tshogs, cho, jo), folios 1.b–293.a; 1.b–183.b.
Pema Karpo (kun mkhyen pad ma dkar po). mngon par rtogs pa rgyan gyi ’grel pa rje btsun byams pa’i zhal lung [“Words of Maitreya”]. In Collected Works (gsuṅ-’bum) of Kun-Mkhyen Padma-Dkar-Po, vol. 8, pp. 1–340. Darjeeling: Kargyud Sungrab Nyamso Khang, 1973–74.
Rongtön (rong ston shes bya kun rig). sher phyin stong phrag brgya pa’i rnam ’grel. In gsung ’bum, vol. 4, pp. 380–678. Chengdu: si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2008. BDRC W1PD83960.
Serdok Shakya Chokten (gser mdog paN chen shAkya mchog ldan). shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan ’grel pa dang bcas pa’i snga phyi’i ’brel rnam par btsal zhing / dngos bstan kyi dka’ ba’i gnas la legs par bshad pa’i dpung tshogs rnam par bkod pa / bzhed tshul rba rlabs kyi phreng ba [“Garland of Waves”]. In Complete Works, vol. 11. Thimphu, 1975.
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