A male who has taken the layperson’s vows.

Lay male devotees who uphold the five precepts.

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

A male who has taken the layperson’s vows.

A male who has taken the layperson’s vows.

male lay practitioner

Layman.

A male lay practitioner who observes the five vows not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

A man who has taken the layperson’s vows.

A man who has taken the layperson’s vows.

A man who has taken the layperson’s vows.

Lay male devotees who uphold the five precepts.

Lay male devotees who uphold the five precepts.

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

Householders with definite vows that set them off from the ordinary householder.

A male Buddhist practitioner who observes the five vows: not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

Male lay devotees who have taken the five precepts.

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

Layman who holds householder’s vows.

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

A Buddhist lay vow holder holds at least one of the five vows for lay people (upāsaka/upāsikā): refraining from (1) taking life, (2) stealing, (3) making pretense to superhuman qualities, (4) sexual misdeeds or, in some cases, sexual conduct altogether, and (5) intoxicants like alcohol.

A lay person who has taken refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha and, in addition, taken at least one of the five lay vows.

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five vows not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

An ordained layperson; a layperson who has taken any or all of the five precepts (see the first five of the “fundamental precepts”) (Rigzin 52).

A lay Buddhist practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

A male (upāsaka) or female (upāsikā) practitioner who has taken vows to uphold the five precepts.

A male (upāsaka) or female (upāsikā) practitioner who has taken vows to uphold the five precepts.

A male lay devotee.

Unordained practitioners who observe the five vows: not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

A Buddhist lay vow holder who pledges to refrain from at least one but often all five actions of killing, stealing, pretending to superhuman qualities, committing sexual misconduct, and imbibing intoxicants like alcohol. An additional, optional pledge can be made to complete celibacy.

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

The upāsaka precepts for lay practitioners include the five fundamental vows (pañcaśīla) not to (1) kill, (2) steal, (3) commit sexual misconduct, (4) lie, or (5) use intoxicants. Additionally, three other precepts are taken on full-moon and new-moon days for a total of eight (aṣṭāṅgaśīla): not to (6) eat after the noon meal, (7) engage in entertainment or adorn oneself with ornaments or cosmetics, or (8) sleep on high beds.