The Sanskrit means “continuation,” and the Tibetan means “cycle,” both referring to an unending series of unenlightened existences.

The world of ongoing birth, death, and rebirth, and the apparent reality of this world.

The cycle of rebirth.

The continuum of repeated birth and death.

The beginningless cycle of rebirth characterized by suffering and caused by the three faults of ignorance, attachment, and anger.

The Sanskrit means “continuation” and the Tibetan “circling.” An unending series of unenlightened existences.

An unending series of unenlightened existences.

Conditioned existence fraught with suffering.

The cyclic existence in which beings are confined to suffering and unsatisfactoriness.

The cycle of birth and death; that is, life as experienced by living beings under the influence of ignorance, not any sort of objective world external to the persons experiencing it.

The continuum of repeated birth and death.

The conditioned realm of cyclic existence in which beings are confined to perpetual suffering and unsatisfactoriness.

See cyclic existence.

“Cyclic existence,” the cycle of birth and death driven by mental afflictions and karmic actions.

The cycle of birth and death driven by mental afflictions and karmic actions.

A state of involuntary existence conditioned by afflicted mental states and the imprint of past actions, characterized by suffering in a cycle of life, death, and rebirth. On its reversal, the contrasting state of nirvāṇa is attained, free from suffering and the processes of rebirth.

The beginningless cycle of birth and death within the six realms of conditioned existence.

The beginningless cycle of rebirth characterized by suffering and caused by the three faults of ignorance, greed, and anger.

A state of involuntary existence conditioned by afflicted mental states and the imprint of past actions, characterized by suffering in a cycle of life, death, and rebirth within different realms of being.

A state of involuntary existence conditioned by afflicted mental states and the imprint of past actions, characterized by suffering in a cycle of life, death, and rebirth. On its reversal, the contrasting state of nirvāṇa is attained, free from suffering and the processes of rebirth.

The cycle of transmigrations through which sentient beings revolve and suffer.

The cycle of birth and death driven by mental afflictions and karmic actions.