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སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོ།

The Great Cloud (1)
Glossary

Mahāmegha
འཕགས་པ་སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
’phags pa sprin chen po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra “The Great Cloud”
Ārya­mahāmegha­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra

Toh 232

Degé Kangyur, vol. 64 (mdo sde, wa), folios 113.a–214.b

ᴛʀᴀɴsʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛɪʙᴇᴛᴀɴ ʙʏ
  • Surendrabodhi
  • Bandé Yeshé Dé

Imprint

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Translated by the Mahamegha Translation Team
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2022

Current version v 1.1.24 (2025)

Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.26.1

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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
tr. The Translation
+ 38 chapters- 38 chapters
1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
14. Chapter 14
15. Chapter 15
16. Chapter 16
17. Chapter 17
18. Chapter 18
19. Chapter 19
20. Chapter 20
21. Chapter 21
22. Chapter 22
23. Chapter 23
24. Chapter 24
25. Chapter 25
26. Chapter 26
27. Chapter 27
28. Chapter 28
29. Chapter 29
30. Chapter 30
31. Chapter 31
32. Chapter 32
33. Chapter 33
34. Chapter 34
35. Chapter 35
36. Chapter 36
37. Chapter 37
38. Chapter 38
c. Colophon
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

The Great Cloud features a long dialogue between the Buddha Śākyamuni and a bodhisattva named Great Cloud Essence, who are periodically joined by various additional interlocutors from the vast audience of human and divine beings who have assembled to hear the Buddha’s teaching. The topics of their conversation are diverse and wide-ranging, but a central theme is the vast conduct of bodhisattvas, which is illustrated through the enumeration of the various meditative states and liberative techniques that bodhisattvas must master in order to minister to all sentient beings. This is followed by a conversation with the brahmin Kauṇḍinya concerning the Buddha’s cousin Devadatta, who is revealed to be a bodhisattva displaying the highest level of skillful means. Kauṇḍinya then inquires about the possibility of obtaining a relic from the Buddha, and another member of the audience responds with an explanation of how truly rare it is for a buddha relic to appear within the world. Finally, the discourse ends with the Buddha delivering a series of detailed prophecies describing the principal interlocutor’s future attainment of buddhahood, and he further explains the benefits and powers that can be obtained through the practice of this sūtra itself.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

This translation was produced by Joshua Capitanio for the Mahamegha Translation Team. The translator is grateful to Christopher Jones (University of Cambridge) and Susan Roach for offering several helpful suggestions.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


The translation of this text has been made possible through the generous sponsorship of an anonymous donor, who would like to dedicate it in memory of Lin, Zai-He and Lin Lee, Wan-Zhi.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The Great Cloud is an important Mahāyāna sūtra, known particularly as one source of the idea that a tathāgata is permanent and does not really pass into parinirvāṇa, but strategically displays an illusory body. To exemplify religious attainment for sentient beings, this emanated body seems to take birth, strive for awakening, and eventually pass into parinirvāṇa.1 In this sūtra this view is not merely implied or stated without comment, as it is in many sūtras, but is set out along with the claim that orthodox Buddhist doctrines of impermanence and selflessness are merely provisional teachings imparted by the Buddha for the sake of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas who were too trepidatious and spiritually immature to accept the realities of permanence and true selfhood.


Text Body

The Translation
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra
The Great Cloud

1.

Chapter 1

[B1] [F.113.a]


1.­1

Homage to all buddhas, bodhisattvas, exalted śrāvakas, and pratyekabuddhas.


Thus did I hear at one time. The Bhagavān was residing on Vulture Peak in Rājagṛha with an assembly of nine million eight hundred thousand bhikṣus including Mahākāśyapa. All of them were worthy ones who had exhausted their defilements, had attained mastery, and were free from afflictions. They were omniscient ones, great elephants, their minds perfectly liberated, their wisdom perfectly liberated, who had accomplished their tasks and completed their work. They had cast off their burdens and fulfilled their aims. Their minds had been emancipated through correct cognition, and they had thoroughly exhausted all the fetters binding them to existence. They possessed very pure discipline and had obtained supreme perfection in mastering all mental states. They were proficient in the superknowledges. Together, they were all absorbed in meditation on the eight liberations.


2.

Chapter 2

2.­1

Then the bodhisattva mahāsattva Great Cloud Essence said to the Bhagavān, “Ah, these statements of the sacred Dharma teaching of The Great Cloud, spoken by the Tathāgata, are truly a wondrous marvel! Ah, Bhagavān! The domain of this Great Cloud discourse is inconceivable, and the magical manifestation of its miraculous power has appeared right in front of all sentient beings. [F.142.a] When this Great Cloud discourse was expounded, a mass of great clouds arose from its nectar-like reverberations, showering down a great, vast rainfall of nectar filled with all sorts of precious substances and elixirs. Ah! The Tathāgata, who is inconceivable, has excellently uttered this discourse of the inconceivable domain. Ah! All sentient beings have certainly cultivated merit. Ah! The fruition of this merit is inconceivable! Sentient beings are relishing the enjoyment and delights of divine bliss. Today, all sentient beings frolic together with the gods.


3.

Chapter 3

3.­1

Then, the bodhisattva mahāsattva Great Cloud Essence addressed the Bhagavān, saying, “Those outsiders who have turned away from these great Vaipulya teachings have become as though deaf; in order to make them whole with the ear faculties of the Great Vehicle, I beseech the Bhagavān to give an extensive explanation of those previously mentioned thirty-six Dharma gateways of dhāraṇī called directly entering the jewel mine of the infinite gnosis of irreversibility.”


4.

Chapter 4

4.­1

Great Cloud Essence then said, “In order to tame the minds of unawakened and foolish sentient beings, I beseech you to shine the subtle light rays of the lamp of understanding the concealed intent of the Bhagavān Tathāgata’s speech upon all those who have entered great darkness.”

4.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “Great Cloud Essence, you must broadly ignite the twenty-three liberation gateways of the continuous flow of skillful methods of Dharma for those who are ignorant of how to enter into the fundamental divisions of the concealed intent of the Tathāgata’s speech.


5.

Chapter 5

5.­1

Great Cloud Essence then said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to give an extensive explanation of the ten Dharma gateways called king of the wondrous secret of the way to engage and abide in the playful appearance of taking birth in cyclic existence.”

5.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “Great Cloud Essence, within this Great Cloud discourse, there is the Dharma gateway called king of utter delight at being born within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called desiring and delighting in birth within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called thirsting for birth within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called beginningless birth within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called utmost faith in birth within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called skill in the aspiration to be born within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called singing the praises of birth within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called king of observing birth within existence. There is the Dharma gateway called powerful king of skill in birth within existence. And there is the Dharma gateway called king of the wondrous secret of engaging and abiding in the state of not being obscured by the various categories of unwholesome dharmas when born within existence. These ten are the Dharma gateways called king of the wondrous secret of the way to engage and abide in the playful appearance of taking birth in cyclic existence.” [F.160.b]


6.

Chapter 6

6.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called the secret aspiration to liberation, which is taken up by the mind in order to attain the karmic ground of the field of the afflictions of cyclic existence.”

6.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called obtaining the fruit of the field of the afflictions of cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called king of delighting in the field of the afflictions of cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called fixing the mind on the connection with cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called dhāraṇī of supreme delight in cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called migrating within cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called thoroughly raining down upon cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the uninterrupted wind of the continuity of cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called thief of cyclic existence. There is the Dharma gateway called stainless domain of the root of cyclic existence. And there is the Dharma gateway called bringing illumination to all those who abide for a long time in cyclic existence. These ten are the Dharma gateways called the secret aspiration to liberation, which is taken up by the mind in order to attain the karmic ground of the field of the afflictions of cyclic existence.”


7.

Chapter 7

7.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation that apprehends the inconceivable essence of ignorance regarding gnosis.”

7.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called happily engaging in many deeds as antidotes. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the magical manifestation that is unequaled. There is the Dharma gateway called entering the gateway of peerlessly spreading light. There is the Dharma gateway called producing an understanding of the scriptural tradition. There is the Dharma gateway called the thought that terminates.19 There is the Dharma gateway called luminosity of correct speech. There is the Dharma gateway called perception that is superior to water. There is the Dharma gateway called stainless essence. There is the Dharma gateway called light-radiating earth-holder. And there is the Dharma gateway called gateway of exalted luminosity. These ten are the Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation that apprehends the inconceivable essence of ignorance regarding gnosis.”


8.

Chapter 8

8.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called aspects of bringing about the attainment of stable, profound gnosis.”

8.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called reverently engaging in the ten extensive essences. There is the Dharma gateway called guarded by space. There is the Dharma gateway called entering the profound, auspicious time. There is the Dharma gateway called delighting in the subtle. There is the Dharma gateway called oceanic immovability. There is the Dharma gateway called radiant light of gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the natural purity of speech. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the stainlessness of incinerating the firewood of the afflictions. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in steadfast intelligence. And there is the Dharma gateway called stainless intelligence. These ten are the Dharma gateways called aspects of bringing about the attainment of stable, profound gnosis.” [F.161.b]


9.

Chapter 9

9.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called storehouse of inconceivable merit of the flowing rain of the great cloud’s essence.”

9.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of delighting in loving-kindness. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of delighting in compassion. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of delighting in joy. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of delighting in equanimity. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of water showered down by the truth. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of the circulation of fish in the ocean. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse replete with the names of the Dharma gateways. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of the path of the king of streams. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of engaging with the scriptural tradition. And there is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of engaging with the precious jewel of the three secret designations. These ten are the Dharma gateways called storehouse of inconceivable merit of the flowing rain of the great cloud’s essence.”


10.

Chapter 10

10.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called path of the aspect of the inconceivable merit of the flowing rain of the great cloud.”

10.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called season of rain. [F.162.a] There is the Dharma gateway called lone king of the precious flow of the net of rain. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the seal of the essence of the veil of rain. There is the Dharma gateway called rain’s cleansing of stains. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the various poison-cleansing waters of the veil of rain. There is the Dharma gateway called pleasing, cooling satisfaction produced by the net of rain. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the domain of the correct perception of various rains. There is the Dharma gateway called coemergence of the correct view of various rains. There is the Dharma gateway called mastery over the field of the aspect of merit of various rains. And there is the Dharma gateway called nāga king who showers down the pleasant, cooling medicinal rain of the veil of rain. These ten are the Dharma gateways called path of the aspect of the inconceivable merit of the flowing rain of the great cloud.”


11.

Chapter 11

11.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation of the mass of great clouds that arises and gathers in space.”

11.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called king of skill in the utter delight that arises from the root. There is the Dharma gateway called constantly expressing the excellent perception of the fundamental nature. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the great perception of the unequaled gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called seal of comprehension. There is the Dharma gateway called king of perfect inexhaustible intelligence. [F.162.b] There is the Dharma gateway called inconceivable abode. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of exertion free from desire. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the utmost certainty of the deep ocean tide. There is the Dharma gateway called delight in the pleasant season. There is the Dharma gateway called space storehouse of the great cloud of the rain of gnosis equal to space. These ten are the Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation of the mass of great clouds that arises and gathers in space.”


12.

Chapter 12

12.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called brilliant lightning of the great cloud. May the Bhagavān, the Tathāgata, make them blaze forth.”

12.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called lightning of the light rays of the precious storehouse. There is the Dharma gateway called lightning in the sky of the brilliance of resolve. There is the Dharma gateway called most protected. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the seasons. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the mind that desires the intellect guarded by glory. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the stainless golden lightning. There is the Dharma gateway called lightning of the brilliant inexhaustible intelligence of the essence of beryl. There is the Dharma gateway called lightning of manifest conviction in the abodes. There is the Dharma gateway called lightning of the constancy of the deep ocean of virtuous qualities. There is the Dharma gateway called lightning that strikes continuously over the land. These ten are the Dharma gateways called brilliant lightning of the great cloud.”


13.

Chapter 13

13.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to shine forth the infinite great light rays of the sun of buddhahood to serve as medicine for all sentient beings and for the sake of their happiness. I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called the aspects of entering the great cloud that flashes with lightning.”

13.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called king of the lightning flash that is as powerful as the wind’s strength. There is the Dharma gateway called extremely sharp gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the clear ascertainment of gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called king of resounding through the power of simultaneous arising. There is the Dharma gateway called king of skill in the fluctuation of ocean waves. There is the Dharma gateway called desiring and completely protecting the Dharma. There is the Dharma gateway called king of skill at connecting with the conquerors through wealth. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the medicine that suppresses poison, the great drum of Dharma. There is the Dharma gateway called producing the endowment of the strengths of the Teacher through exceptional beauty. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the magical manifestation that proclaims the roots of the afflictions, which are like darkness or ice. These ten are the Dharma gateways called the aspects of entering the great cloud that flashes with lightning.”


14.

Chapter 14

14.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called illusory emanation of the lightning of the great cloud.”

14.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called constantly proclaiming. There is the Dharma gateway called constantly guarding the illusory emanation of the lightning of the great cloud. There is the Dharma gateway called constantly joyful. There is the Dharma gateway called constantly wishful. There is the Dharma gateway called playing in fire. There is the Dharma gateway called delighting in entering all birthplaces. There is the Dharma gateway called rejoicing in all migrating beings with material gains. There is the Dharma gateway called white swan. There is the Dharma gateway called displaying the king of radiant light. There is the Dharma gateway called threading the vast garland of constant superiority. These ten are the Dharma gateways called illusory emanation of the lightning of the great cloud.”


15.

Chapter 15

15.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called display of the great miraculous lamp.”

15.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called miraculous display for entering the inexhaustible treasury. There is the Dharma gateway called gathering the precious storehouse. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of abiding in inconceivable liberation. There is the Dharma gateway called infinite veneration. There is the Dharma gateway called acquisition of virtue. There is the Dharma gateway called replete with joy. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the aspects of reality. There is the Dharma gateway called unobscured spherical mirror. There is the Dharma gateway called inexhaustible mindfulness. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the pleasure of definitively liberating all sentient beings. [F.164.a] These ten are the Dharma gateways called display of the great miraculous lamp.”


16.

Chapter 16

16.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation for entry into the elaborate exposition of the hail of Dharma.”

16.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called jewel-mine of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called ocean of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the use of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called teaching of the storehouse of the great medicine of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the universality of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the inexhaustible intellect of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called supreme essence of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called king who has obtained the captaincy of the lamp of hail. There is the Dharma gateway called supreme weapon on the side of Dharma. There is the Dharma gateway called time of profound hail. These ten are the Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation of entry into the elaborate exposition of the hail of Dharma.”


17.

Chapter 17

17.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called guarding the storehouse of entry into the vajra gnosis.”

17.­2

The Bhagavān replied, [F.164.b] “There is the Dharma gateway called precious storehouse of play. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the utterly delightful manner. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the magical manifestation of the miraculous manner. There is the Dharma gateway called way of abiding of the swan in flight. There is the Dharma gateway called king of well-adorned space. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the medicine produced from the top of the fruit of the kumbha tree. There is the Dharma gateway called king of engaging the intellect that is like an undisturbed deep ocean. There is the Dharma gateway called king of seasons having the brilliant strength of consummate discipline. There is the Dharma gateway called the noncomprehension of the limit of the inconceivable abode. There is the Dharma gateway called extending through an eon. These ten are the Dharma gateways called guarding the storehouse of entry into the vajra gnosis.”


18.

Chapter 18

18.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation of engaging in inexhaustible enjoyments.”

18.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called entering into the intellect of nectar. There is the Dharma gateway called entering into satisfaction through bliss. There is the Dharma gateway called skilled in being joyful. There is the Dharma gateway called skilled in being beautiful and utterly joyful. There is the Dharma gateway called entering into the taste of the water that is deep and constant. There is the Dharma gateway called king of desiring the bliss of the domain of mind’s intelligence. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the bliss that is inexhaustible and primordially stainless. There is the Dharma gateway called king of being utterly elated and delighted with everything. These ten20 are the Dharma gateways called king of the magical manifestation [F.165.a] that enters into the inexhaustible enjoyments.”


19.

Chapter 19

19.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān, the complete and perfect Buddha, to explain the ten Dharma gateways called entry into the direct demonstration of the aspects of the correct path.”

19.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of subtle proliferation. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of the aspect of constancy. There is the Dharma gateway called precious storehouse of complete victory through courageous strength. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in viewing the abode of all the gods in the eastern direction. There is the Dharma gateway called bringing all scriptural traditions to completion. There is the Dharma gateway called not being obscured by all scriptural traditions. There is the Dharma gateway called utterly delighting in and being elated by all paths. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of abandoning engagement with all negative paths. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the constant tide of the ocean. There is the Dharma gateway called precious storehouse of playing as the definite tide of the ocean. These ten are the Dharma gateways called entry into the manifest demonstration of the aspects of the correct path.”


20.

Chapter 20

20.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called entry into the subtle and profound topics of discourse.”

20.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called all direct and indirect topics of discourse. There is the Dharma gateway called utterly delighting in experiencing all tastes. There is the Dharma gateway called king of playing within all scriptural traditions. There is the Dharma gateway called king of desiring extensiveness. There is the Dharma gateway called king of delighting in extensiveness. There is the Dharma gateway called king of utterly delighting in the body. There is the Dharma gateway called king of delighting in the path of pleasing, joyful conduct. There is the Dharma gateway called king of seasons adorned by the noble ones. There is the Dharma gateway called king of rendering stainless the essence of stains. There is the Dharma gateway called consummate satisfaction through the virtue of the yoga of observation. These ten are the Dharma gateways called entering the subtle and profound topics of discourse.”


21.

Chapter 21

21.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called observation of the lion’s play.”

21.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called stainlessness that is difficult to replicate. There is the Dharma gateway called fragrance of the flowers of the bees and the flies. There is the Dharma gateway called sporting with the intellect of the majestic jewel and being overcome by sleep. There is the Dharma gateway called the supremacy that is difficult to obtain, of the shimmering heap of jewels. [F.166.a] There is the Dharma gateway called king of the waterfall-like play. There is the Dharma gateway called observation of the play of the vast, utterly and completely quaking earth. There is the Dharma gateway called play that is like distinguishing between the palms of the left and right hands. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the play of the tails of the great fishes. There is the Dharma gateway called playing at the teaching that is difficult to obtain and difficult to comprehend. There is the Dharma gateway called observing play and delighting in the aspects of all adornments. These ten are the Dharma gateways called observation of the lion’s play.”


22.

Chapter 22

22.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called discourse on engaging in activities in harmony with the world that accumulate connections for rebirth.”

22.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called entering the king of forever taking rebirth. There is the Dharma gateway called entering tranquility through skillful means. There is the Dharma gateway called correctly applying and upholding the sweet honey of faith. There is the Dharma gateway called entry into the manifest superiority of the lion’s play. There is the Dharma gateway called entering the times of displaying the stages. There is the Dharma gateway called king of skill in entry into stages, the absence of stages, realms, and nonrealms. There is the Dharma gateway called using skillful means to guide those who are rough and difficult to tame. There is the Dharma gateway called entering a body swiftly like an arrow. [F.166.b] There is the Dharma gateway called initiating the attainment of all desirable offerings. There is the Dharma gateway called entry into the skillful means of performing the activities of the lower abodes. These ten are the Dharma gateways called discourse on engaging in activities in harmony with the world that accumulate connections for rebirth.”


23.

Chapter 23

23.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called entering the precious storehouse of play.”

23.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called topknot of the rising sun. There is the Dharma gateway called pride in the vast play of the ancient essence. There is the Dharma gateway called arising of the precious storehouse of virtuous qualities. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in play through the excellent limit of conduct. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in rousing the indestructible strength of initiating the wet season. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the play of the pleasant cooling strength of sandalwood. There is the Dharma gateway called speaking without closing the eyes. There is the Dharma gateway called play replete with the water like the kumuda flower and the moon. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in desire for great emanation bodies and the like. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in exceptional praise. These ten are the Dharma gateways called entering the precious storehouse of play.”


24.

Chapter 24

24.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called engaging in the garuḍa’s great potent strength.”

24.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called king of the magical manifestation that completely overcomes the strength of the nāga king21 Vāsuki. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the display of one’s own strength. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the enjoyment of sound. There is the Dharma gateway called entering the waves. There is the Dharma gateway called causing the rising tide to not be filled with pride. There is the Dharma gateway called entering the time of resounding within the cave of the king of mountains. There is the Dharma gateway called entering the direction of the supreme season of wind. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the ascertainment that reveals faraway objects to the sight. There is the Dharma gateway called play of the snake with fast-acting poison. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in obtaining the excellent strength of precious light-rays. These ten are the Dharma gateways called engaging in the garuḍa’s great potent strength.”


25.

Chapter 25

25.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called king of the manifestation of the proclamation of the time of the great roar.”

25.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the profound way of matchless strength. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of constant discipline. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the radiant light of the strength of discipline. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the excellent bounds of discipline. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the trickle of precious milk. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the trickling flow of merit. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the trickling strength of loving-kindness. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the trickling strength of compassion. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the trickling strength of joy. There is the Dharma gateway called manifestation of the trickling strength of equanimity. These ten are the Dharma gateways called king of the manifestation of the proclamation of the time of the great roar.”


26.

Chapter 26

26.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called engaging in the magical manifestation of the strength of great fearlessness.”

26.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the magical manifestation of the strength of fearlessness in the strong ocean tide. There is the Dharma gateway called delighting in the root of fearlessness. There is the Dharma gateway called precious storehouse of skillfulness. There is the Dharma gateway called glorious body of skillfulness. There is the Dharma gateway called delighting in the cleanliness of skillfulness. [F.168.a] There is the Dharma gateway called strength of engaging in adornment with the ornament of the brilliance of skillfulness. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the season of skill in all precious substances. There is the Dharma gateway called delighting in engaging in the joys of skillfulness. There is the Dharma gateway called endowed with the radiant light of skillfulness. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the luminous aspect of the lightning of skillfulness. These ten are the Dharma gateways called engaging in the magical manifestation of the strength of great fearlessness.”


27.

Chapter 27

27.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called vastness having aspects of an abode.”

27.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called tranquil time of guarding the abode. There is the Dharma gateway called path of the abode of the true essence. There is the Dharma gateway called abode of the essence of the renowned reality of water. There is the Dharma gateway called abode of praising accomplishment. There is the Dharma gateway called abode of the excellent limit of the essence of renown. There is the Dharma gateway called abode of extensive, constant joy. There is the Dharma gateway called abode of strength that arises from the basis. There is the Dharma gateway called abode of the strength of compassion. There is the Dharma gateway called abiding definitively in patience. There is the Dharma gateway called abode of constant purity. These ten are the Dharma gateways called vastness having aspects of an abode.”


28.

Chapter 28

28.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called engaging in the procedures of superior intention.”

28.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called abiding at the excellent limit. There is the Dharma gateway called oceanic seal of knowledge of the rites of the superior intention. There is the Dharma gateway called tide of gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the rites of the superior intention of the miraculous display of the tide of migrating beings. There is the Dharma gateway called play equal to space. There is the Dharma gateway called nonabiding. There is the Dharma gateway called gathering of proliferations. There is the Dharma gateway called king of being worthy of service. There is the Dharma gateway called resolve to delight in generosity. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the superior intention with a happy mind. These ten are the Dharma gateways called engaging in the procedures of superior intention.”


29.

Chapter 29

29.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called manifestation of the strength of the heroic king of the great army.”

29.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called field of the completely victorious hero. There is the Dharma gateway called taking birth after perfecting heroic progress. There is the Dharma gateway called king of skill in perceiving the hero’s play. [F.169.a] There is the Dharma gateway called performing the deeds that perfect the strength of entering into the heroic manner. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of the hero on the battlefield. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of the perfection of strong-heartedness. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of the hero with steadfast gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of the hero in times of laziness. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of brilliant strength. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of the hero’s lightning. There is the Dharma gateway called limbs of the army of the hero’s hail. These ten are the Dharma gateways called manifestation of the strength of the heroic king of the great army.”


30.

Chapter 30

30.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called becoming the king of the magical manifestation of the aspects of excellence.”

30.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called time of the jewel of excellence. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of excellent faith. There is the Dharma gateway called play manifested through the power of the aspect of excellence. There is the Dharma gateway called store of the wealth of excellence. There is the Dharma gateway called body of perfect excellence. There is the Dharma gateway called aspect of certainty in the purity of excellence. There is the Dharma gateway called royal storehouse of the radiant light of the lightning of excellence. There is the Dharma gateway called intellect that is well adorned with the aspects of excellence. These ten are the Dharma gateways called becoming the king of the magical manifestation of the aspects of excellence.”


31.

Chapter 31

31.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called engaging in marshalling the force that reveals the correct concealment associated with play.”

31.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called correct concealment associated with the play of joy. There is the Dharma gateway called correct concealment associated with the play of delight. There is the Dharma gateway called correct concealment associated with the play of supreme delight. There is the Dharma gateway called correct concealment associated with the play of the aspect of entry. There is the Dharma gateway called correct concealment associated with the play of the lion’s roar. There is the Dharma gateway called marshalling the force that reveals the correct concealment associated with the play of conduct. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the strength of revealing the correct concealment associated with the play of loving-kindness. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the strength of revealing the correct concealment associated with the play of compassion. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the strength of revealing the correct concealment associated with the play of joy. There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in the strength of revealing the correct concealment associated with the play of equanimity. These ten are the Dharma gateways called engaging in marshalling the force that reveals the correct concealment associated with play.”


32.

Chapter 32

32.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called the aspects of engaging in procedures for engendering gnosis.”

32.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called craving for sense objects. There is the Dharma gateway called king of adornment. There is the Dharma gateway called delighting in causing the diminishment of strength. There is the Dharma gateway called inexhaustible skillful body. There is the Dharma gateway called attachment to play. There is the Dharma gateway called performing the activities of offering and worship. There is the Dharma gateway called practice of delighting in the earth. There is the Dharma gateway called entering into the place of rebirth. There is the Dharma gateway called abiding in the practice of the time of joy. There is the Dharma gateway called abiding in the abode of the scriptural tradition. These ten are the Dharma gateways called the aspects of engaging in procedures for engendering gnosis.”


33.

Chapter 33

33.­1

Great Cloud Essence asked, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called storehouse of the riches of gnosis attained through concentration.”

33.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called accomplishment of the precious skill of the earnest practice of excellence. There is the Dharma gateway called practice of abiding in the mind concentrated on extreme faith in the sacred Dharma. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the time of truth. There is the Dharma gateway called accomplishment of the precious substances of the ocean having the play of correct depth and stability. [F.170.b] There is the Dharma gateway called accomplishment of joy. There is the Dharma gateway called utter accomplishment of the strength of gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called accomplishment of motion. There is the Dharma gateway called accomplishment of the qualities of engaging in desire. There is the Dharma gateway called training the body. There is the Dharma gateway called accomplishment of concentration on knowledge, purity, certainty, ascetic practice, and observing precepts. These ten are the Dharma gateways called storehouse of the riches of gnosis that are attained through concentration.”


34.

Chapter 34

34.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called array of procedures conducive to correctly offering and giving.”

34.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called understanding the rites of restraint. There is the Dharma gateway called observing the precious rites that assist in offering and giving. There is the Dharma gateway called time of guarding purity. There is the Dharma gateway called delighting in purity. There is the Dharma gateway called giving the enjoyments of giving. There is the Dharma gateway called utterly giving one’s eyes. There is the Dharma gateway called revealing and explaining the profound secrets. There is the Dharma gateway called cherishing the profound Dharma. There is the Dharma gateway called abiding in the essence of reality. There is the Dharma gateway called revealing all scriptural traditions. These are the ten Dharma gateways called array of procedures conducive to correctly offering and giving.”


35.

Chapter 35

35.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called full production of the correct seed of the buddhafield.”

35.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called victory of the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called shower of jewels from the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called storehouse of merit of the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called intellect of the true essence of the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called body of the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called excellent radiant light of the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called radiant light of the lamp of the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called king crowned with the inexhaustible intellect of the lightning of the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called purity of abiding in the jewel mine. There is the Dharma gateway called mass of flavors of the fruits from the field of all jewels. These ten are the Dharma gateways called full production of the correct seed of the buddhafield.”


36.

Chapter 36

36.­1

Great Cloud Essence said, “I beseech the Bhagavān to explain the ten Dharma gateways called engaging in the magical manifestation of the king of delighting in the play [F.171.b] of the state of the essence of reality.”

36.­2

The Bhagavān replied, “There is the Dharma gateway called engaging in unwavering joy. There is the Dharma gateway called abiding by the constant root. There is the Dharma gateway called unmoving. There is the Dharma gateway called dwelling in profundity. There is the Dharma gateway called complete liberation of the inconceivable storehouse. There is the Dharma gateway called king of the intellect that has flourished through pleasure. There is the Dharma gateway called strength of the inexhaustible nonabiding intellect. There is the Dharma gateway called culmination of the inconceivable manner. There is the Dharma gateway called culmination of the seal of gnosis. There is the Dharma gateway called king of intellect of all inexhaustible oceans. Great Cloud Essence, these ten are the Dharma gateways called engaging in the magical manifestation of the king of delighting in the play that manifests through the manner of the essence of reality of the tathāgatas and bodhisattvas.”


37.

Chapter 37

37.­1

At that time, a devaputra named Swift Intellect made great offerings to the Bhagavān and went before the Bhagavān, joined his palms, and bowed in homage. He then soared into the air, reaching a height equal to that of seven palm trees, and addressed the Bhagavān:

37.­2
“Bhagavān, how many discourses are there?
How many samādhis are there?
How many avenues of dhāraṇī are there?
How many secrets can be entered?
37.­3
“Bhagavān, how many buddhas abide in the present? [F.172.a]
How many will come in the future?
How many buddhas have existed in the past?
How great is the domain of the Buddha’s activity?
How many world realms are there?
Please speak, O Gautama!

38.

Chapter 38

38.­1

At that time, a host of devaputras arrived from the Obsidian Mountain in the southern lands. Together with Mahākāśyapa, they ascended into empty space, hovering at a distance equal to the height of seven tala trees. From there, they scattered flower petals down upon the Tathāgata, piling up layers of petals as high as Mount Meru. Thereupon, their eyes filled with tears, and with voices wailing they addressed the Bhagavān, saying, “Alas, Bhagavān! When the Tathāgata [F.186.a] has passed into parinirvāṇa out of skillful means, what sorts of sentient beings will arise to maintain those discourses such as this one, which were spoken by the Tathāgata?”


c.

Colophon

c.­1

Revised and finalized by the Indian preceptor Surendrabodhi and the great editor-translator Bandé Yeshé Dé.


n.

Notes

n.­1
Such views comprise one element of Buddha-nature theory associated with the Buddha’s “third turning of the wheel of Dharma” (see below), but also stem from the theory of the emanation body (nirmāṇakāya, sprul pa’i sku) that may have first developed in non-Mahāyāna schools. They have been compared by scholars in the modern era to similar views about Jesus Christ in docetism, a second century belief rejected as heretical by the early Church councils. On “docetic Buddhism” see Anesaki (1911), Seyfort-Ruegg (2008) pp. 31–34, and Radich (2015).
n.­2
See Radich 2015, p. 19ff.
n.­3
See Brunnhölzl 2014, p. 4ff; however, in his paragraph on the sūtra on p. 46 he does not note the presence in it of the themes just mentioned.
n.­4
See Peter Alan Roberts, trans., The Sūtra of the Sublime Golden Light (Suvarṇa­prabhāsottamasūtra), Toh 555, 556, and 557 (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2023–24).
n.­5
Suzuki (1996) has suggested that The Great Cloud may in fact be the source of the interpolated passage in the Suvarṇa­prabhāsa.
n.­6
See Robert A. F. Thurman, trans., The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrti­nirdeśa­sūtra), Toh 176 (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2017).
n.­7
See Forte 1976 and Radich 2017.
n.­8
Denkarma, 297.a.3. See also Yoshimura 1950, p. 127.
n.­19
Following the variant reading of mthar byed pa’i rtog found in the Stok Palace edition.
n.­20
Both the Tib. and Ch. refer to ten Dharma gateways in this chapter, although in both versions the chapter contains only eight.
n.­21
“Nāga king” is added for clarification.

b.

Bibliography

sprin chen po’i mdo (Mahāmeghasūtra). Toh 232, Degé Kangyur vol. 64 (mdo sde, wa), folios 113.a–214.b.

dri med grags pa’i bstan (Vimalakīrti­nirdeśa). Toh 176, Degé Kangyur vol. 60 (mdo sde, ma), folios 175.a–239.a. English translation in Thurman 2017.

yongs su mya ngan las ’das pa chen po (Mahā­parinirvāṇa). Toh 120, Degé Kangyur vol. 54 (mdo sde, tha), folios 1.b–151.b.

gser ’od dam pa mdo sde’i dbang po’i rgyal po (Suvarṇa­prabhāsottama­sūtrendra­rāja). Toh 556, Degé Kangyur vol. 89 (rgyud, pa), folios 151.b–273.a; Toh 557, vol. 90 (rgyud, pha), folios 1.b–62.a. English translations in Roberts 2024ab.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan[/lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

Phangthangma (dkar chag ’phang thang ma). Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2003.

Anesaki, Masaharu. “Docetism (Buddhist).” In Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, edited by J. Hastings, 835–40. (Available on Internet Archive). Edinburgh: Clark, 1911.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge Between Sūtra and Tantra. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2015.

Forte, Antonino. Political Propaganda and Ideology in China at the End of the Seventh Century: Inquiry into the Nature, Authors, and Function of the Tunhuang Document S. 6502 Followed by an Annotated Translation. Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientale, Seminario di Studi Asiatici, 1976.

Radich, Michael. The Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine. Hamburg Buddhist Studies 5. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2015.

Roberts, Peter Alan., trans. (2023). The Sūtra of the Sublime Golden Light (1) (Suvarṇa­prabhāsottama­sūtra, Toh 555). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2023.

Roberts, Peter Alan., trans. (2024a). The Sūtra of the Sublime Golden Light (2) (Suvarṇa­prabhāsottama­sūtra, Toh 556). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024.

Roberts, Peter Alan., trans. (2024b). The Sūtra of the Sublime Golden Light (3) (Suvarṇa­prabhāsottama­sūtra, Toh 557). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024.

Seyfort-Ruegg, David. “Docetism in Mahāyāna Sūtras.” In The Symbiosis of Buddhism with Brahmanism/Hinduism in South Asia and of Buddhism with “Local Cults” in Tibet and the Himalayan Region, 31–34. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2008.

Seyfort-Ruegg, David (2017). “Problems of Attribution, Style, and Dating Relating to the ‘Great Cloud Sutras’ in the Chinese Buddhist Canon (T 387, T 388/S. 6916).” In Buddhist Transformations and Interactions: Essays in Honor of Antonino Forte, edited by Victor H. Mair, 235–89. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2017.

Suzuki Takayasu. “The Mahāmeghasūtra as an Origin of an Interpolated Part of the Present Suvarṇa­prabhāsa.” Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies 45, no. 1 (1996): 28–30.

Thurman, Robert A. F., trans. The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrti­nirdeśa, Toh 176). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2017.

Ye Shaoyong (2023a). “Phun tshogs Tshe brtan, Dngos grub Tshe ring: A Preliminary Report on the ‘Burnt Manuscripts’ from Retreng Monastery; Bundle A.” In Śāntamatiḥ: Manuscripts for Life; Essays in Memory of Seishi Karashima, edited by Noriyuki Kudo, 447–65. Tokyo: International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University, 2023.

Ye Shaoyong (2023b). “The Prophecy about Nāgārjuna in the Mahāmeghasūtra: A Perspective Based on the Sanskrit Manuscript Preserved in the Potala Palace.” Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies 71, no. 3 (2023): 62–67.

Yoshimura Shuki. The Denkar-ma: An Oldest Catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons. Kyoto: Ryukoku University, 1950.


g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

Abides in the Certainty of the Hero’s Steadfast Asceticism

Wylie:
  • dpa’ brtan brtul zhugs nges pa la nye bar gnas pa
Tibetan:
  • དཔའ་བརྟན་བརྟུལ་ཞུགས་ངེས་པ་ལ་ཉེ་བར་གནས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 29.­3
g.­2

Abiding Long as Indra

Wylie:
  • brgya byin lhar ’dzin yun ring gnas
Tibetan:
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན་ལྷར་འཛིན་ཡུན་རིང་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­3

Abode of All Non-Buddhists

Wylie:
  • mu stegs thams cad kyi gnas
Tibetan:
  • མུ་སྟེགས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­103
g.­4

Abode of Prosperity

Wylie:
  • dpal ’byor gnas
Tibetan:
  • དཔལ་འབྱོར་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­5

Abundant Beauty

Wylie:
  • mdzes ’byor
Tibetan:
  • མཛེས་འབྱོར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A river in the town of Great Sands in the future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­11
g.­6

Abundant Harvest

Wylie:
  • lo tog ’byor ma
Tibetan:
  • ལོ་ཏོག་འབྱོར་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The daughter of the king Increasing Majesty

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­212-213
g.­7

Admired by All Worlds

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten thams cad kyis mthong na dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་མཐོང་ན་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­48
  • 37.­50
  • 37.­63
  • 37.­89
  • 38.­11
  • 38.­15
g.­8

Adorned with Cat’s Gait

Wylie:
  • byi la ’gros mdzes
Tibetan:
  • བྱི་ལ་འགྲོས་མཛེས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­9

Adorned with Rākṣasa Earrings

Wylie:
  • srin phyis kyis rna cha gdub ’khor can
Tibetan:
  • སྲིན་ཕྱིས་ཀྱིས་རྣ་ཆ་གདུབ་འཁོར་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­10

Adorned with Rat Teeth

Wylie:
  • byi so mdzes
Tibetan:
  • བྱི་སོ་མཛེས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­11

affliction

Wylie:
  • nyon mongs pa
Tibetan:
  • ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • kleśa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure and lead to unwholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind, acting as causes for continued existence in saṃsāra. Included among them are the primary afflictions of desire (rāga), anger (dveṣa), and ignorance (avidyā). It is said that there are eighty-four thousand of these negative mental qualities, for which the eighty-four thousand categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote.

Kleśa is also commonly translated as “negative emotions,” “disturbing emotions,” and so on. The Pāli kilesa, Middle Indic kileśa, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit kleśa all primarily mean “stain” or “defilement.” The translation “affliction” is a secondary development that derives from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of √kliś (“to harm,“ “to afflict”). Both meanings are noted by Buddhist commentators.

Located in 62 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­73-77
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­89
  • 1.­92
  • 1.­94-95
  • 1.­112
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­7-11
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­48-52
  • 2.­60
  • 6.­1-2
  • 6.­4-5
  • 8.­2
  • 13.­2
  • 16.­4
  • 24.­4
  • 38.­47
  • 38.­91
  • 38.­93
  • 38.­95
  • 38.­97-98
  • 38.­104-106
  • 38.­109
  • 38.­111-112
  • 38.­119
  • 38.­133
  • 38.­135-136
  • 38.­138
  • 38.­151
  • 38.­167
  • 38.­169-170
  • 38.­172
  • 38.­185
  • 38.­218
  • g.­78
  • g.­137
  • g.­514
g.­12

Agasti the Holder of Rāma’s Bow

Wylie:
  • ri byi rangs byed gzhu can
Tibetan:
  • རི་བྱི་རངས་བྱེད་གཞུ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­13

aggregate

Wylie:
  • phung po
Tibetan:
  • ཕུང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • skandha

The five psycho-physical constituents of an individual, which are collectively taken as a “self.”

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­92
  • 2.­26
  • 38.­151
  • 38.­185
g.­14

Akṣobhya

Wylie:
  • mi g.yo ba
Tibetan:
  • མི་གཡོ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • akṣobhya

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Lit. “Not Disturbed” or “Immovable One.” The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhirati. A well-known buddha in Mahāyāna, regarded in the higher tantras as the head of one of the five buddha families, the vajra family in the east.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­13
g.­15

All Conquering

Wylie:
  • kun tu rgyal
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་རྒྱལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­16

All Equal

Wylie:
  • thams cad mnyam pa
Tibetan:
  • ཐམས་ཅད་མཉམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­99
g.­17

Amitābha

Wylie:
  • ’od dpag med
Tibetan:
  • འོད་དཔག་མེད།
Sanskrit:
  • amitābha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The buddha of the western buddhafield of Sukhāvatī, where fortunate beings are reborn to make further progress toward spiritual maturity. Amitābha made his great vows to create such a realm when he was a bodhisattva called Dharmākara. In the Pure Land Buddhist tradition, popular in East Asia, aspiring to be reborn in his buddha realm is the main emphasis; in other Mahāyāna traditions, too, it is a widespread practice. For a detailed description of the realm, see The Display of the Pure Land of Sukhāvatī, Toh 115. In some tantras that make reference to the five families he is the tathāgata associated with the lotus family.

Amitābha, “Infinite Light,” is also known in many Indian Buddhist works as Amitāyus, “Infinite Life.” In both East Asian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions he is often conflated with another buddha named “Infinite Life,” Aparimitāyus, or “Infinite Life and Wisdom,”Aparimitāyurjñāna, the shorter version of whose name has also been back-translated from Tibetan into Sanskrit as Amitāyus but who presides over a realm in the zenith. For details on the relation between these buddhas and their names, see The Aparimitāyurjñāna Sūtra (1) Toh 674, i.9.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­9
  • 38.­205
  • 38.­216
  • g.­48
g.­18

Ānanda

Wylie:
  • kun dga’ bo
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
Sanskrit:
  • ānanda

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A major śrāvaka disciple and personal attendant of the Buddha Śākyamuni during the last twenty-five years of his life. He was a cousin of the Buddha (according to the Mahāvastu, he was a son of Śuklodana, one of the brothers of King Śuddhodana, which means he was a brother of Devadatta; other sources say he was a son of Amṛtodana, another brother of King Śuddhodana, which means he would have been a brother of Aniruddha).

Ānanda, having always been in the Buddha’s presence, is said to have memorized all the teachings he heard and is celebrated for having recited all the Buddha’s teachings by memory at the first council of the Buddhist saṅgha, thus preserving the teachings after the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa. The phrase “Thus did I hear at one time,” found at the beginning of the sūtras, usually stands for his recitation of the teachings. He became a patriarch after the passing of Mahākāśyapa.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­11
g.­19

Anavatapta

Wylie:
  • ma dros pa
Tibetan:
  • མ་དྲོས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • anavatapta

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­20

Appearance of Beryl-Like Light

Wylie:
  • bai dUr+ya ltar ’od snang ba
Tibetan:
  • བཻ་དཱུརྱ་ལྟར་འོད་སྣང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­21

apsaras

Wylie:
  • lha’i bu mo
Tibetan:
  • ལྷའི་བུ་མོ།
Sanskrit:
  • apsaras

A class of nonhuman beings, usually female, known for their beauty.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­45
  • g.­326
g.­22

army in its four divisions

Wylie:
  • dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi pa
Tibetan:
  • དཔུང་གི་ཚོགས་ཡན་ལག་བཞི་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • caturaṅgabala

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The ancient Indian army was composed of four branches (caturaṅga)‍—infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­36
g.­23

Arousing Strength

Wylie:
  • gyad la skul
Tibetan:
  • གྱད་ལ་སྐུལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­24

Ascetic

Wylie:
  • dka’ thub can
Tibetan:
  • དཀའ་ཐུབ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­25

Ashen Locks

Wylie:
  • thal ba’i gtsug phud can
Tibetan:
  • ཐལ་བའི་གཙུག་ཕུད་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­26

Aśoka

Wylie:
  • mya ngan med
Tibetan:
  • མྱ་ངན་མེད།
Sanskrit:
  • aśoka

The historical Indian king of the Maurya dynasty who ruled over most of India c. 268–232 ʙᴄᴇ. His name means “without sorrow.”

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8
  • 37.­85
g.­27

Aspiring to Leave Behind the Sanctuary

Wylie:
  • gnas ’jog sel brtson
Tibetan:
  • གནས་འཇོག་སེལ་བརྩོན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­28

asura

Wylie:
  • lha ma yin
Tibetan:
  • ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
Sanskrit:
  • asura

A class or powerful nonhuman beings, sometimes called demigods, who are often portrayed as the enemies of the devas. One of the six classes of beings.

Located in 21 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­28-29
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • 24.­4
  • 37.­46
  • 37.­107
  • 38.­19
  • 38.­24
  • 38.­119
  • g.­25
  • g.­45
  • g.­100
  • g.­118
  • g.­134
  • g.­151
  • g.­391
  • g.­408
  • g.­417
  • g.­419
  • g.­481
g.­29

at peace, deeply at peace, fully at peace

Wylie:
  • zhi ba/ rab tu zhi ba/ nye bar zhi ba/
Tibetan:
  • ཞི་བ། རབ་ཏུ་ཞི་བ། ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • śānta praśānta upaśānta

This stock phrase refers to states of peace or absence of disturbing thoughts and emotions. In his commentary on the Kāśyapa­parivarta, Sthiramati correlates these three states of peace with deepening stages of meditation on the Buddhist path.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­92
g.­30

Authentic Perception

Wylie:
  • yang dag par mthong ba
Tibetan:
  • ཡང་དག་པར་མཐོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­31

Bald Ṛṣi

Wylie:
  • drang srong byi bo
Tibetan:
  • དྲང་སྲོང་བྱི་བོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A land in the southern region in the future.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­11-12
  • g.­256
g.­32

base

Wylie:
  • gnas
Tibetan:
  • གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­32
g.­33

Bearing the Cymbals of the Jewel of Knowledge

Wylie:
  • rig sngags kyi nor bu sil sil ’chang
Tibetan:
  • རིག་སྔགས་ཀྱི་ནོར་བུ་སིལ་སིལ་འཆང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­34

Beautiful and Charming

Wylie:
  • legs mthong yid ’phrog
Tibetan:
  • ལེགས་མཐོང་ཡིད་འཕྲོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­35

Beautiful Coral

Wylie:
  • byi ru bzang
Tibetan:
  • བྱི་རུ་བཟང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­36

Beautiful Garland

Wylie:
  • phreng mdzes can
Tibetan:
  • ཕྲེང་མཛེས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­3
g.­37

Bee-King Face

Wylie:
  • bud rgyal gdong
Tibetan:
  • བུད་རྒྱལ་གདོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­38

Benighted

Wylie:
  • mun pa can
Tibetan:
  • མུན་པ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A country in the southern region in the distant future.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­211
  • g.­135
g.­39

Beryl Light

Wylie:
  • bai dUr+ya’i ’od
Tibetan:
  • བཻ་དཱུརྱའི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­40

bhagavān

Wylie:
  • bcom ldan ’das
Tibetan:
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
Sanskrit:
  • bhagavān

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, this is an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

Located in 297 passages in the translation:

  • i.­6
  • 1.­1-3
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­11
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­27
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­33-56
  • 1.­58-60
  • 1.­66-69
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­99-100
  • 1.­161-162
  • 1.­164
  • 1.­170
  • 1.­174
  • 1.­207
  • 1.­215
  • 1.­223
  • 1.­227-229
  • 2.­1-3
  • 2.­64-65
  • 3.­1-2
  • 3.­5
  • 4.­1-2
  • 4.­5
  • 5.­1-3
  • 6.­1-3
  • 7.­1-3
  • 8.­1-3
  • 9.­1-4
  • 10.­1-3
  • 11.­1-3
  • 12.­1-3
  • 13.­1-3
  • 14.­1-4
  • 15.­1-4
  • 16.­1-3
  • 17.­1-3
  • 18.­1-3
  • 19.­1-3
  • 20.­1-3
  • 21.­1-4
  • 22.­1-4
  • 23.­1-3
  • 24.­1-3
  • 25.­1-3
  • 26.­1-3
  • 27.­1-3
  • 28.­1-4
  • 29.­1-3
  • 30.­1-3
  • 31.­1-3
  • 32.­1-3
  • 33.­1-3
  • 34.­1-3
  • 35.­1-4
  • 36.­1-4
  • 37.­1-3
  • 37.­16
  • 37.­20-22
  • 37.­32-33
  • 37.­43
  • 37.­45
  • 37.­47-49
  • 37.­67
  • 37.­69
  • 37.­71-73
  • 37.­76
  • 37.­78-80
  • 37.­82-84
  • 37.­86-88
  • 37.­90-94
  • 37.­97
  • 37.­110-112
  • 37.­121
  • 37.­124
  • 38.­1-2
  • 38.­5-11
  • 38.­15
  • 38.­21-27
  • 38.­29
  • 38.­31
  • 38.­36-37
  • 38.­43
  • 38.­53-57
  • 38.­63
  • 38.­65
  • 38.­67
  • 38.­69
  • 38.­76
  • 38.­78
  • 38.­80
  • 38.­82-85
  • 38.­89-90
  • 38.­100-102
  • 38.­104-105
  • 38.­107
  • 38.­110
  • 38.­112
  • 38.­119-121
  • 38.­123-125
  • 38.­128
  • 38.­149
  • 38.­183
  • 38.­199-200
  • 38.­202-211
  • 38.­214-221
  • 38.­223
  • n.­30
g.­41

Bharadvaja-Tree Bark

Wylie:
  • b+ha ra dwa dza shing shun can
Tibetan:
  • བྷ་ར་དྭ་ཛ་ཤིང་ཤུན་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­42

bhikṣu

Wylie:
  • dge slong
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་སློང་།
Sanskrit:
  • bhikṣu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term bhikṣu, often translated as “monk,” refers to the highest among the eight types of prātimokṣa vows that make one part of the Buddhist assembly. The Sanskrit term literally means “beggar” or “mendicant,” referring to the fact that Buddhist monks and nuns‍—like other ascetics of the time‍—subsisted on alms (bhikṣā) begged from the laity.

In the Tibetan tradition, which follows the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, a monk follows 253 rules as part of his moral discipline. A nun (bhikṣuṇī; dge slong ma) follows 364 rules. A novice monk (śrāmaṇera; dge tshul) or nun (śrāmaṇerikā; dge tshul ma) follows thirty-six rules of moral discipline (although in other vinaya traditions novices typically follow only ten).

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1-2
  • 1.­46
  • n.­30
  • n.­39
g.­43

bhikṣuṇī

Wylie:
  • dge slong ma
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་སློང་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhikṣuṇī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term bhikṣuṇī, often translated as “nun,” refers to the highest among the eight types of prātimokṣa vows that make one part of the Buddhist assembly. The Sanskrit term bhikṣu (to which the female grammatical ending ṇī is added) literally means “beggar” or “mendicant,” referring to the fact that Buddhist nuns and monks‍—like other ascetics of the time‍—subsisted on alms (bhikṣā) begged from the laity. In the Tibetan tradition, which follows the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, a bhikṣuṇī follows 364 rules and a bhikṣu follows 253 rules as part of their moral discipline.

For the first few years of the Buddha’s teachings in India, there was no ordination for women. It started at the persistent request and display of determination of Mahāprajāpatī, the Buddha’s stepmother and aunt, together with five hundred former wives of men of Kapilavastu, who had themselves become monks. Mahāprajāpatī is thus considered to be the founder of the nun’s order.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­44

bhūta

Wylie:
  • ’byung po
Tibetan:
  • འབྱུང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhūta

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

This term in its broadest sense can refer to any being, whether human, animal, or nonhuman. However, it is often used to refer to a specific class of nonhuman beings, especially when bhūtas are mentioned alongside rākṣasas, piśācas, or pretas. In common with these other kinds of nonhumans, bhūtas are usually depicted with unattractive and misshapen bodies. Like several other classes of nonhuman beings, bhūtas take spontaneous birth. As their leader is traditionally regarded to be Rudra-Śiva (also known by the name Bhūta), with whom they haunt dangerous and wild places, bhūtas are especially prominent in Śaivism, where large sections of certain tantras concentrate on them.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­24-25
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • 37.­25
  • g.­8
  • g.­10
  • g.­96
  • g.­140
  • g.­247
  • g.­276
  • g.­317
  • g.­461
  • g.­482
  • g.­509
g.­45

Bird Throat

Wylie:
  • bya mgrin
Tibetan:
  • བྱ་མགྲིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­46

Bird’s Beak

Wylie:
  • bya mchu can
Tibetan:
  • བྱ་མཆུ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­26
g.­47

Black Mountains

Wylie:
  • ri nag po rnams
Tibetan:
  • རི་ནག་པོ་རྣམས།
Sanskrit:
  • kālaparvata

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­40
g.­48

Blissful

Wylie:
  • bde ba can
Tibetan:
  • བདེ་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • sukhāvatī

The buddhafield of the buddha Amitābha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­205
  • 38.­216
g.­49

bodhisattva

Wylie:
  • byang chub sems dpa’
Tibetan:
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།
Sanskrit:
  • bodhisattva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A being who is dedicated to the cultivation and fulfilment of the altruistic intention to attain perfect buddhahood, traversing the ten bodhisattva levels (daśabhūmi, sa bcu). Bodhisattvas purposely opt to remain within cyclic existence in order to liberate all sentient beings, instead of simply seeking personal freedom from suffering. In terms of the view, they realize both the selflessness of persons and the selflessness of phenomena.

Located in 296 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­4-5
  • i.­7-9
  • i.­12
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­4-5
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­67-69
  • 1.­72
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­86-87
  • 1.­99-100
  • 1.­108-143
  • 1.­160-162
  • 1.­217
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­7-8
  • 2.­20-21
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­48-49
  • 2.­61-63
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­3-4
  • 36.­2
  • 37.­21
  • 37.­24-25
  • 37.­36
  • 37.­40-41
  • 37.­45-46
  • 37.­74-75
  • 37.­88
  • 37.­107-108
  • 37.­121
  • 38.­11
  • 38.­13
  • 38.­18
  • 38.­22-25
  • 38.­29-30
  • 38.­32-36
  • 38.­40
  • 38.­48
  • 38.­52-56
  • 38.­58-60
  • 38.­62-68
  • 38.­70-72
  • 38.­74
  • 38.­76-77
  • 38.­81
  • 38.­85
  • 38.­87-90
  • 38.­99
  • 38.­103
  • 38.­109
  • 38.­111-112
  • 38.­116-117
  • 38.­120
  • 38.­123-141
  • 38.­145-157
  • 38.­159-160
  • 38.­162-175
  • 38.­179-191
  • 38.­193-194
  • 38.­196-198
  • 38.­202-207
  • 38.­209
  • 38.­216
  • 38.­219
  • 38.­221
  • n.­30
  • n.­32-33
  • n.­49-50
  • n.­54
  • n.­60
  • n.­62
  • n.­66
  • g.­106
  • g.­180
  • g.­181
  • g.­182
  • g.­183
  • g.­184
  • g.­185
  • g.­186
  • g.­187
  • g.­188
  • g.­189
  • g.­190
  • g.­191
  • g.­192
  • g.­193
  • g.­194
  • g.­195
  • g.­196
  • g.­197
  • g.­198
  • g.­199
  • g.­200
  • g.­201
  • g.­202
  • g.­203
  • g.­204
  • g.­205
  • g.­206
  • g.­207
  • g.­208
  • g.­209
  • g.­210
  • g.­211
  • g.­212
  • g.­213
  • g.­214
  • g.­215
  • g.­216
  • g.­217
  • g.­218
  • g.­219
  • g.­220
  • g.­221
  • g.­222
  • g.­223
  • g.­224
  • g.­225
  • g.­226
  • g.­227
  • g.­228
  • g.­229
  • g.­230
  • g.­231
  • g.­232
  • g.­233
  • g.­234
  • g.­235
  • g.­236
  • g.­237
  • g.­238
  • g.­239
  • g.­240
  • g.­241
  • g.­242
  • g.­243
  • g.­244
  • g.­245
  • g.­285
  • g.­337
  • g.­393
g.­50

Brahmā

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • brahmā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world; he is also considered to be the lord of the Sahā world (our universe). Though not considered a creator god in Buddhism, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two gods (the other being Indra/Śakra) said to have first exhorted the Buddha Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are many universes or world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them. His most frequent epithets are “Lord of the Sahā World” (sahāṃpati) and Great Brahmā (mahābrahman).

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • 37.­25
  • 37.­30
  • 38.­75
  • 38.­118
  • g.­51
g.­51

Brahmā world

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa’i ’jig rten
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པའི་འཇིག་རྟེན།
Sanskrit:
  • brahmāloka

The heaven of Brahmā, usually located just above the desire realm (kāmadhātu) as one of the first levels of the form realm (rūpadhātu) and equated with the state that one achieves in the first meditative absorption (dhyāna).

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­200
g.­52

Brahmā youth

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa gzhon nu
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པ་གཞོན་ནུ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­43
  • g.­291
  • g.­478
g.­53

Bṛhaspati’s Science of Grammar

Wylie:
  • phur bu sgra rig
Tibetan:
  • ཕུར་བུ་སྒྲ་རིག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­54

Brilliant Lotus Storehouse

Wylie:
  • ’od chags pad ma mdzod
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཆགས་པད་མ་མཛོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­55

buddha heritage

Wylie:
  • sangs rgyas kyi gdung
Tibetan:
  • སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གདུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • buddhagotra

The innate potential for realizing Buddhahood. Sometimes rendered as “buddha nature,” it is similar to the essence of the Tathāgata.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­49
g.­56

Buddha’s Servant

Wylie:
  • sangs rgyas ’bangs
Tibetan:
  • སངས་རྒྱས་འབངས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­57

cakravartin

Wylie:
  • khor los sgyur ba’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • cakravartin

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

An ideal monarch or emperor who, as the result of the merit accumulated in previous lifetimes, rules over a vast realm in accordance with the Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he bears a wheel (cakra) that rolls (vartate) across the earth, bringing all lands and kingdoms under his power. The cakravartin conquers his territory without causing harm, and his activity causes beings to enter the path of wholesome actions. According to Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa, just as with the buddhas, only one cakravartin appears in a world system at any given time. They are likewise endowed with the thirty-two major marks of a great being (mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇa), but a cakravartin’s marks are outshined by those of a buddha. They possess seven precious objects: the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the wish-fulfilling gem, the queen, the general, and the minister. An illustrative passage about the cakravartin and his possessions can be found in The Play in Full (Toh 95), 3.3–3.13.

Vasubandhu lists four types of cakravartins: (1) the cakravartin with a golden wheel (suvarṇacakravartin) rules over four continents and is invited by lesser kings to be their ruler; (2) the cakravartin with a silver wheel (rūpyacakravartin) rules over three continents and his opponents submit to him as he approaches; (3) the cakravartin with a copper wheel (tāmracakravartin) rules over two continents and his opponents submit themselves after preparing for battle; and (4) the cakravartin with an iron wheel (ayaścakravartin) rules over one continent and his opponents submit themselves after brandishing weapons.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­88
  • 38.­142
  • 38.­176
  • g.­263
g.­58

Candragupta

Wylie:
  • zla ba skyong
Tibetan:
  • ཟླ་བ་སྐྱོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • candragupta

A prince of Pañcāla.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­38
g.­59

caraka

Wylie:
  • spyod pa pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྱོད་པ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • caraka

In Buddhist usage, a general term for non-Buddhist religious mendicants, often occurring paired with Skt. parivrājaka (“wanderer”) in stock lists of followers of non-Buddhist traditions.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­89
  • 38.­43
  • 38.­45
  • 38.­74
g.­60

Chariot-Driving Glorious Lotus Essence

Wylie:
  • shing rta gtong ba’i pad ma’i snying po dpal
Tibetan:
  • ཤིང་རྟ་གཏོང་བའི་པད་མའི་སྙིང་པོ་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­61

Charming Hands

Wylie:
  • lag sgeg
Tibetan:
  • ལག་སྒེག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­62

Charming Youth

Wylie:
  • gzhon nu yid du ’ong ba
Tibetan:
  • གཞོན་ནུ་ཡིད་དུ་འོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­63

Child’s Play

Wylie:
  • byis pa rtse
Tibetan:
  • བྱིས་པ་རྩེ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­64

Clear-Limbed Deer Eyes

Wylie:
  • yan lag ’char ri dags mi
Tibetan:
  • ཡན་ལག་འཆར་རི་དགས་མི།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­65

Cleaved Head

Wylie:
  • mgo zed
Tibetan:
  • མགོ་ཟེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­66

Cloud

Wylie:
  • sprin
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 22.­3
g.­67

Cloud Protector

Wylie:
  • sprin gyi bsrungs
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་གྱི་བསྲུངས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­102
g.­68

Complete Defeat of Affliction

Wylie:
  • nyon mongs pa rnam par ’joms pa
Tibetan:
  • ཉོན་མོངས་པ་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­69

conqueror

Wylie:
  • rgyal ba
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • jina

An epithet for a buddha.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­178
  • 13.­2
  • 25.­4
  • 38.­3
g.­70

Conqueror’s Moon

Wylie:
  • rgyal ba’i zla ba
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་བའི་ཟླ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­71

Conqueror’s Servant

Wylie:
  • rgyal ba’i ’bangs
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་བའི་འབངས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­72

Correct Practice

Wylie:
  • yang dag sbyor
Tibetan:
  • ཡང་དག་སྦྱོར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­73

Courageous Intellect

Wylie:
  • dpa’ ba’i blo gros
Tibetan:
  • དཔའ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­74

Crooked Teeth

Wylie:
  • so rad rod can
Tibetan:
  • སོ་རད་རོད་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­75

Crying Out

Wylie:
  • ma la ’bod
Tibetan:
  • མ་ལ་འབོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­76

Deer Mother

Wylie:
  • ma ma ri dags
Tibetan:
  • མ་མ་རི་དགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­77

Defeating the Haughty Powerful Nāgas

Wylie:
  • klu’i stobs dang dregs pa ’joms pa
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུའི་སྟོབས་དང་དྲེགས་པ་འཇོམས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­78

defilement

Wylie:
  • zag pa
Tibetan:
  • ཟག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • āsrava

A flaw or taint, often used synonymously with “affliction.”

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 4.­3
g.­79

Definitively Possessing Noble Qualities

Wylie:
  • yon can nges pa
Tibetan:
  • ཡོན་ཅན་ངེས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a royal capital in the southern region in the distant future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­211
g.­80

Delight of All Beings

Wylie:
  • skye bo thams cad dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • སྐྱེ་བོ་ཐམས་ཅད་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­5
g.­81

Delighting in the First Time

Wylie:
  • dus dang po la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • དུས་དང་པོ་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­82

Delights in Dharma

Wylie:
  • chos la mngon par dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ལ་མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 34.­3
g.­83

Delights in Gnosis

Wylie:
  • ye shes la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 9.­3
g.­84

Delights in Subtle Gnosis

Wylie:
  • ye shes phra ba la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་ཕྲ་བ་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 17.­3
g.­85

Deserving of Fear

Wylie:
  • ’jigs su rung ba
Tibetan:
  • འཇིགས་སུ་རུང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­86

Devadatta

Wylie:
  • lha sbyin
Tibetan:
  • ལྷ་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • devadatta

A cousin of the Buddha Śākyamuni, generally portrayed as a jealous rival who committed hostile acts against the Buddha in attempt to usurp his leadership.

Located in 17 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­8
  • 37.­32-34
  • 37.­36-42
  • 37.­45
  • n.­24-25
  • n.­30-31
g.­87

devaputra

Wylie:
  • lha’i bu
Tibetan:
  • ལྷའི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • devaputra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In the most general sense the devas‍—the term is cognate with the English divine‍—are a class of celestial beings who frequently appear in Buddhist texts, often at the head of the assemblies of nonhuman beings who attend and celebrate the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas and bodhisattvas. In Buddhist cosmology the devas occupy the highest of the five or six “destinies” (gati) of saṃsāra among which beings take rebirth. The devas reside in the devalokas, “heavens” that traditionally number between twenty-six and twenty-eight and are divided between the desire realm (kāmadhātu), form realm (rūpadhātu), and formless realm (ārūpyadhātu). A being attains rebirth among the devas either through meritorious deeds (in the desire realm) or the attainment of subtle meditative states (in the form and formless realms). While rebirth among the devas is considered favorable, it is ultimately a transitory state from which beings will fall when the conditions that lead to rebirth there are exhausted. Thus, rebirth in the god realms is regarded as a diversion from the spiritual path.

Located in 91 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­8-9
  • 1.­34-35
  • 1.­42
  • 1.­55
  • 2.­64
  • 4.­5
  • 7.­3
  • 9.­3
  • 10.­3
  • 21.­3
  • 22.­3
  • 23.­3
  • 24.­3
  • 25.­3
  • 26.­3
  • 28.­3
  • 29.­3
  • 30.­3
  • 31.­3
  • 36.­3
  • 37.­1
  • 37.­5
  • 37.­94
  • 37.­96
  • 37.­112-115
  • 37.­122
  • 38.­1-10
  • 38.­42
  • n.­43
  • g.­1
  • g.­20
  • g.­36
  • g.­39
  • g.­62
  • g.­66
  • g.­68
  • g.­73
  • g.­80
  • g.­83
  • g.­97
  • g.­109
  • g.­116
  • g.­119
  • g.­123
  • g.­160
  • g.­165
  • g.­170
  • g.­178
  • g.­251
  • g.­252
  • g.­264
  • g.­268
  • g.­274
  • g.­286
  • g.­295
  • g.­296
  • g.­298
  • g.­309
  • g.­328
  • g.­334
  • g.­345
  • g.­358
  • g.­359
  • g.­378
  • g.­395
  • g.­396
  • g.­401
  • g.­403
  • g.­404
  • g.­416
  • g.­452
  • g.­453
  • g.­465
  • g.­469
  • g.­471
  • g.­476
  • g.­503
g.­88

dhāraṇī

Wylie:
  • gzungs
Tibetan:
  • གཟུངས།
Sanskrit:
  • dhāraṇī

A type of incantation. Also used to refer to the mental capacity to retain teachings that one has heard and to mnemonic devices used to aid such retention.

Located in 23 passages in the translation:

  • i.­6
  • 1.­69
  • 1.­96
  • 1.­103-105
  • 1.­109
  • 1.­160
  • 1.­216
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­45
  • 3.­1-4
  • 3.­7-8
  • 6.­2
  • 37.­2
  • 37.­9
  • 38.­26
  • 38.­28
g.­89

Dharma body

Wylie:
  • chos sku
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • dharmakāya

The Buddha as the embodiment of his teachings, the all-encompassing aspect of absolute reality.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­72
  • 1.­90
  • 1.­210
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­47
  • 23.­4
  • 37.­69
  • 38.­70
g.­90

Dharma Joy

Wylie:
  • chos dga’
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­91

Dharma Offering

Wylie:
  • chos byin
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­92

Dharma Protector

Wylie:
  • chos skyong
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་སྐྱོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­93

Dharma realm

Wylie:
  • chos kyi dbyings
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས།
Sanskrit:
  • dharmadhātu

The realm of the ultimate reality of the emptiness of all phenomena.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­31
  • 37.­69
  • 38.­64
  • 38.­197
g.­94

Dharma Teachings

Wylie:
  • chos sde
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་སྡེ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­95

discipline

Wylie:
  • tshul khrims
Tibetan:
  • ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས།
Sanskrit:
  • śīla

Upholding ethical conduct of body, speech, and mind. Second of the six or ten perfections.

Located in 42 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­64-66
  • 1.­72
  • 1.­76
  • 1.­81-82
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­10
  • 2.­15-16
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­39
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­56-57
  • 17.­2
  • 25.­2
  • 37.­26
  • 37.­35
  • 37.­79
  • 37.­88
  • 38.­2
  • 38.­4
  • 38.­10
  • 38.­12
  • 38.­48
  • 38.­51-53
  • 38.­60
  • 38.­85-87
  • 38.­213
  • 38.­216
  • g.­338
  • g.­473
g.­96

Donkey’s Bray

Wylie:
  • bod skad can
Tibetan:
  • བོད་སྐད་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­97

Earring Adorned

Wylie:
  • rna ’phyang rna cha gdub kor can
Tibetan:
  • རྣ་འཕྱང་རྣ་ཆ་གདུབ་ཀོར་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­98

Earth Garland

Wylie:
  • sa steng phreng ba can
Tibetan:
  • ས་སྟེང་ཕྲེང་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­99

Earth Lord

Wylie:
  • sa’i dbang phyug
Tibetan:
  • སའི་དབང་ཕྱུག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­100

Earth Pacifier

Wylie:
  • sa steng zhi byed
Tibetan:
  • ས་སྟེང་ཞི་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­101

Earth Quaker

Wylie:
  • sa sgul
Tibetan:
  • ས་སྒུལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­102

eight liberations

Wylie:
  • rnam par thar pa brgyad
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པ་བརྒྱད།
Sanskrit:
  • aṣṭavimokṣa

Eight stages in the pursuit of liberation. One common formulation of these stages is: (1) the liberation of viewing form while internally possessing the notion of form; (2) the liberation of viewing form while internally free from the notion of form; (3) the liberation of observing the sublime; (4) the liberation of the sensory sphere of infinite space; (5) the liberation of the sensory sphere of infinite consciousness; (6) the liberation of the sensory sphere of nothingness; (7) the liberation of the sensory sphere in which there are neither concepts nor the absence of concepts; (8) the liberation of the cessation of concepts and feelings.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­1
g.­103

eight unfree states

Wylie:
  • mi khom pa brgyad
Tibetan:
  • མི་ཁོམ་པ་བརྒྱད།
Sanskrit:
  • aṣṭākṣana

Eight types of external circumstances that hinders one’s ability to practice Buddhism: being born in the realms of (1) the hells, (2) pretas, (3) animals, and (4) long-lived gods; in the human realm among (5) barbarians or (6) extremists, and (7) in places where the Buddhist teachings do not exist; and (8) without adequate faculties to understand the teachings where they do exist.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­23
  • g.­489
g.­104

element

Wylie:
  • khams
Tibetan:
  • ཁམས།
Sanskrit:
  • dhātu

The eighteen elements of sensory experience, comprising the six sense-organs, their six objects, and the six consciousnesses associated with them.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­92
  • 38.­70
  • n.­1
  • g.­147
g.­105

emanation body

Wylie:
  • sprul pa’i sku
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nirmāṇakāya

The aspect of the Buddha that appears to ordinary sentient beings.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 23.­2
  • 37.­67
  • 38.­68
  • n.­1
g.­106

empowered manifestation body

Wylie:
  • byin gyis brlabs pa’i lus
Tibetan:
  • བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་ལུས།
Sanskrit:
  • adhiṣṭhānakāya

A body that a bodhisattva manifests for the sake of sentient beings.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­66-68
  • 38.­70-72
  • 38.­206
g.­107

empty, signless, and wishless

Wylie:
  • stong pa nyid dang mtshan ma med pa dang smon pa med pa
Tibetan:
  • སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་དང་མཚན་མ་མེད་པ་དང་སྨོན་པ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • śūnya-animitta-apraṇihita

The “three gateways to liberation”‍—absence of inherent existence, absence of mental constructs, and absence of hopes and fears.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­81
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­56
g.­108

Endurance

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten gyi khams mi mjed
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་མི་མཇེད།
Sanskrit:
  • sahā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The name for our world system, the universe of a thousand million worlds, or trichiliocosm, in which the four-continent world is located. Each trichiliocosm is ruled by a god Brahmā; thus, in this context, he bears the title of Sahāṃpati, Lord of Sahā. The world system of Sahā, or Sahālokadhātu, is also described as the buddhafield of the Buddha Śākyamuni where he teaches the Dharma to beings.

The name Sahā possibly derives from the Sanskrit √sah, “to bear, endure, or withstand.” It is often interpreted as alluding to the inhabitants of this world being able to endure the suffering they encounter. The Tibetan translation, mi mjed, follows along the same lines. It literally means “not painful,” in the sense that beings here are able to bear the suffering they experience.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­205
  • 38.­218
  • g.­413
g.­109

Engaging in Profound Conduct

Wylie:
  • zab mo tshul chen po la ’jug pa
Tibetan:
  • ཟབ་མོ་ཚུལ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་འཇུག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­110

Enjoying Bliss

Wylie:
  • bde spyod
Tibetan:
  • བདེ་སྤྱོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a royal family in the distant future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­211
g.­111

Enjoying Jewels

Wylie:
  • nor bu spyod
Tibetan:
  • ནོར་བུ་སྤྱོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­112

Enjoys Māra’s Daughters

Wylie:
  • bdud kyi bu mo dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • བདུད་ཀྱི་བུ་མོ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­113

Enjoys Preparation

Wylie:
  • sta gon la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • སྟ་གོན་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­16
g.­114

Enjoys Seizing by Force

Wylie:
  • shugs kyis ’khyig par len pa la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་འཁྱིག་པར་ལེན་པ་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­16
g.­115

Enjoys Subjugating the Clan of the Nāga King Vast Wealth

Wylie:
  • nor rgyas kyi bu’i rigs rab tu ’joms par dga’
Tibetan:
  • ནོར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བུའི་རིགས་རབ་ཏུ་འཇོམས་པར་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­116

Enjoys the Stars

Wylie:
  • skar ma la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • སྐར་མ་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­117

Enjoys Utterly Defeating the Clan of the Nāga King Vast Wealth

Wylie:
  • nor rgyas kyi bu’i rigs gzhig par dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • ནོར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བུའི་རིགས་གཞིག་པར་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­118

Entering into Ganges Stainlessness

Wylie:
  • gang gA dri ma med par ’jug pa
Tibetan:
  • གང་གཱ་དྲི་མ་མེད་པར་འཇུག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­119

Entering Profound Stainlessness

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa zab mo la ’jug pa
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པ་ཟབ་མོ་ལ་འཇུག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 24.­3
g.­120

eon

Wylie:
  • bskal pa
Tibetan:
  • བསྐལ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • kalpa

A cosmic period of time. According to the traditional Abhidharma understanding of cyclical time, a great eon (mahākalpa) is divided into eighty lesser or intermediate eons. In the course of one great eon, the external universe and its sentient life takes form and later disappears. During the first twenty of the lesser eons, the universe is in the process of creation and expansion (vivartakalpa); during the next twenty it remains created; during the third twenty it is in the process of destruction or contraction (saṃvartakalpa); and during the last quarter of the cycle it remains in a state of destruction (saṃvarta­sthāyi­kalpa).

Located in 55 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­217
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­60
  • 17.­2
  • 37.­28
  • 37.­37
  • 37.­73
  • 38.­16
  • 38.­22-23
  • 38.­110-111
  • 38.­131-132
  • 38.­134-141
  • 38.­145-146
  • 38.­154-155
  • 38.­161
  • 38.­165-166
  • 38.­168-175
  • 38.­179-180
  • 38.­188-189
  • 38.­195
  • 38.­209
  • 38.­218
  • 38.­220
  • g.­129
  • g.­145
  • g.­156
  • g.­279
  • g.­316
  • g.­405
  • g.­413
  • g.­446
g.­121

Essence of Gentle Glory

Wylie:
  • ’jam dpal snying po
Tibetan:
  • འཇམ་དཔལ་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­122

Essence of Gnosis

Wylie:
  • ye shes snying po
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­123

Essence of Inexhaustible Intellect

Wylie:
  • blo gros mi zad pa’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • བློ་གྲོས་མི་ཟད་པའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­5
g.­124

Essence of Joy

Wylie:
  • dga’ ba’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­16
g.­125

Essence of Stainless Light

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­100
g.­126

essence of the Tathāgata

Wylie:
  • de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • tathāgata­garbha

The innate potential for becoming a tathāgata that all beings possess. Also refers to a class of discourses that proclaim this teaching.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­51
  • g.­55
g.­127

essential body

Wylie:
  • rang bzhin gyi lus
Tibetan:
  • རང་བཞིན་གྱི་ལུས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­205-206
g.­128

excellent minor marks of the Tathāgata

Wylie:
  • de bzhin gshegs pa’i dpe byad bzang po
Tibetan:
  • དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་དཔེ་བྱད་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The eighty-minor marks that distinguish a buddha.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­48-50
g.­129

Excellent Purity

Wylie:
  • gtsang ma bzang po
Tibetan:
  • གཙང་མ་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of the river Fine Blackness in a future eon.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­218
g.­130

Extraordinary Family

Wylie:
  • khyad par can gyi rigs
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་གྱི་རིགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­131

Extraordinary Joy

Wylie:
  • khyad par dga’
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱད་པར་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­132

Extremely Great

Wylie:
  • shin tu che ba
Tibetan:
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་ཆེ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kumbhāṇḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­22
g.­133

Far Seeing

Wylie:
  • ring mthong
Tibetan:
  • རིང་མཐོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­134

Fiercely Wrathful Ferocious One

Wylie:
  • gtum po drag tu khro ba
Tibetan:
  • གཏུམ་པོ་དྲག་ཏུ་ཁྲོ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­135

Fine Blackness

Wylie:
  • nag po bzang
Tibetan:
  • ནག་པོ་བཟང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A river in the country of Benighted in the distant future.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­211
  • 38.­218
  • g.­129
g.­136

Fine Jewel

Wylie:
  • nor bu bzang
Tibetan:
  • ནོར་བུ་བཟང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­137

five degeneracies

Wylie:
  • snyigs ma lnga
Tibetan:
  • སྙིགས་མ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcakaṣāya

Five aspects of life that indicate the degenerate nature of a given age. They are the impurities of views, of afflictions, of sentient beings, of lifespan, and of time.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­106
g.­138

five precepts

Wylie:
  • bslab pa’i gzhi lnga
Tibetan:
  • བསླབ་པའི་གཞི་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcaśikṣāpada

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Refers to the five fundamental precepts of abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and consuming intoxicants.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­37-39
  • 38.­213
g.­139

five superknowledges

Wylie:
  • mngon par shes pa lnga
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcābhijñā

Five extrasensory powers that come at higher levels of meditative cultivation: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, and knowing the minds of others.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­32-33
  • g.­468
g.­140

Flower Earrings

Wylie:
  • me tog gi rna cha can
Tibetan:
  • མེ་ཏོག་གི་རྣ་ཆ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­141

Flower Victory Banner

Wylie:
  • me tog gi rgyal mtshan
Tibetan:
  • མེ་ཏོག་གི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­104
g.­142

Forceful

Wylie:
  • shugs ldan ma
Tibetan:
  • ཤུགས་ལྡན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 13.­3
g.­143

Forceful Wind That Equals the Strength of a Great Mighty Elephant

Wylie:
  • spos kyi glang po che rlung gi stobs dang mnyam pa’i shugs can
Tibetan:
  • སྤོས་ཀྱི་གླང་པོ་ཆེ་རླུང་གི་སྟོབས་དང་མཉམ་པའི་ཤུགས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­144

Foremost of Gods

Wylie:
  • khyu mchog lha
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱུ་མཆོག་ལྷ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­16
g.­145

Fortunate Eon

Wylie:
  • bskal pa bzang po
Tibetan:
  • བསྐལ་པ་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhadrakalpa

The present eon, which is “fortunate” because a thousand buddhas will appear in succession during this time.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­22
g.­146

four aspects of sweetness

Wylie:
  • ro mngar ba rnam pa bzhi
  • ro mngar ba bzhi
Tibetan:
  • རོ་མངར་བ་རྣམ་པ་བཞི།
  • རོ་མངར་བ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­165
g.­147

four elements

Wylie:
  • khams bzhi
Tibetan:
  • ཁམས་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturdhātu

The four elements‍—earth, water, fire, and wind‍—that make up all physical objects, including the body.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­93
  • 37.­27
g.­148

four fruitions

Wylie:
  • ’bras bu bzhi
Tibetan:
  • འབྲས་བུ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • catuḥphala

The four fruitions of the śrāvaka vehicle: stream entry, once-returning, non-returning, and worthy one.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­152
  • 38.­186
  • g.­375
  • g.­379
  • g.­456
g.­149

Four Great Kings

Wylie:
  • rgyal chen bzhi
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་ཆེན་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturmahārāja

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Four gods who live on the lower slopes (fourth level) of Mount Meru in the eponymous Heaven of the Four Great Kings (Cāturmahā­rājika, rgyal chen bzhi’i ris) and guard the four cardinal directions. Each is the leader of a nonhuman class of beings living in his realm. They are Dhṛtarāṣṭra, ruling the gandharvas in the east; Virūḍhaka, ruling over the kumbhāṇḍas in the south; Virūpākṣa, ruling the nāgas in the west; and Vaiśravaṇa (also known as Kubera) ruling the yakṣas in the north. Also referred to as Guardians of the World or World Protectors (lokapāla, ’jig rten skyong ba).

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­45
  • 38.­197
  • g.­153
  • g.­497
  • g.­513
g.­150

four means of gathering disciples

Wylie:
  • bsdu ba’i dngos po bzhi
Tibetan:
  • བསྡུ་བའི་དངོས་པོ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • catuḥ­saṃgraha­vastu

Four ways of attracting people to the Buddhist teachings: charity, kind words, beneficial conduct, and practicing what one preaches.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­24
g.­151

four unpleasant rebirths

Wylie:
  • ngan song bzhi
Tibetan:
  • ངན་སོང་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturapāya

Four undesirable states of rebirth: within the hells, as a preta, as an animal, and as an asura.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­219
g.­152

four wind kings

Wylie:
  • rlung gi rgyal po bzhi
Tibetan:
  • རླུང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­42
g.­153

Four World Guardians

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten skyong ba bzhi
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་སྐྱོང་བ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturlokapāla

The powerful nonhuman guardian kings of the four quarters‍—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa‍—who rule, respectively, over the kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north. Also known as the Four Great Kings.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­35
  • 38.­197
  • g.­149
  • g.­497
  • g.­513
g.­154

fourfold assembly

Wylie:
  • ’khor bzhi
Tibetan:
  • འཁོར་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • catuḥparṣad
  • catuḥpariṣad

Monks, nuns, and male and female lay practitioners.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­43
g.­155

Fragrant Mountain

Wylie:
  • ri bo spos
Tibetan:
  • རི་བོ་སྤོས།
Sanskrit:
  • gandhamādana

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­62
g.­156

Fragrant Purity

Wylie:
  • gtsang ma bsung ldan
Tibetan:
  • གཙང་མ་བསུང་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A city in a future eon, in the world system Refined Purity.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­218-219
g.­157

Frightening Form

Wylie:
  • skrag byed gzugs can
Tibetan:
  • སྐྲག་བྱེད་གཟུགས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­158

Fully Absorbing

Wylie:
  • mngon par sdud pa
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་སྡུད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A daughter of Māra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­44
g.­159

gandharva

Wylie:
  • dri za
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་ཟ།
Sanskrit:
  • gandharva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of generally benevolent nonhuman beings who inhabit the skies, sometimes said to inhabit fantastic cities in the clouds, and more specifically to dwell on the eastern slopes of Mount Meru, where they are ruled by the Great King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. They are most renowned as celestial musicians who serve the gods. In the Abhidharma, the term is also used to refer to the mental body assumed by sentient beings during the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Gandharvas are said to live on fragrances (gandha) in the desire realm, hence the Tibetan translation dri za, meaning “scent eater.”

Located in 17 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­16-17
  • 1.­50
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­82
  • 1.­171
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­57
  • 37.­46
  • 38.­119
  • g.­113
  • g.­114
  • g.­124
  • g.­144
  • g.­153
  • g.­294
  • g.­357
g.­160

Gandharva King Delightful Appearance

Wylie:
  • mthong na dga’ ba dri za’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • མཐོང་ན་དགའ་བ་དྲི་ཟའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­8
  • 37.­112-115
  • 37.­117
  • 38.­10-11
  • 38.­13-16
  • 38.­18-21
g.­161

Ganges

Wylie:
  • gang gA
Tibetan:
  • གང་གཱ།
Sanskrit:
  • gaṅgā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The Gaṅgā, or Ganges in English, is considered to be the most sacred river of India, particularly within the Hindu tradition. It starts in the Himalayas, flows through the northern plains of India, bathing the holy city of Vārāṇasī, and meets the sea at the Bay of Bengal, in Bangladesh. In the sūtras, however, this river is mostly mentioned not for its sacredness but for its abundant sands‍—noticeable still today on its many sandy banks and at its delta‍—which serve as a common metaphor for infinitely large numbers.

According to Buddhist cosmology, as explained in the Abhidharmakośa, it is one of the four rivers that flow from Lake Anavatapta and cross the southern continent of Jambudvīpa‍—the known human world or more specifically the Indian subcontinent.

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­162
  • 2.­22
  • 37.­8
  • 37.­13
  • 37.­46
  • 37.­51
  • 37.­98-105
  • 38.­32-33
g.­162

Ganges Offering

Wylie:
  • gang gAs byin
Tibetan:
  • གང་གཱས་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­163

Ganges Protector

Wylie:
  • gang gAs skyong
Tibetan:
  • གང་གཱས་སྐྱོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­164

Garland of Pleasant Sounds

Wylie:
  • phreng sgra snyan
Tibetan:
  • ཕྲེང་སྒྲ་སྙན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­165

Garland of Stainless Light

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa’i ’od kyi phreng ba can
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་འོད་ཀྱི་ཕྲེང་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­64
g.­166

garuḍa

Wylie:
  • mkha’ lding
Tibetan:
  • མཁའ་ལྡིང་།
Sanskrit:
  • garuḍa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Indian mythology, the garuḍa is an eagle-like bird that is regarded as the king of all birds, normally depicted with a sharp, owl-like beak, often holding a snake, and with large and powerful wings. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth. Garuḍa can also be used as a proper name for a king of such creatures.

Located in 28 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­14-15
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­130
  • 1.­171
  • 2.­23
  • 24.­1-2
  • 24.­5
  • 38.­24
  • 38.­118-119
  • 38.­223
  • g.­30
  • g.­33
  • g.­37
  • g.­77
  • g.­90
  • g.­115
  • g.­117
  • g.­143
  • g.­175
  • g.­179
  • g.­335
  • g.­387
  • g.­420
  • g.­422
  • g.­447
g.­167

Gautama

Wylie:
  • gau ta ma
Tibetan:
  • གཽ་ཏ་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • gautama

The family name of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­3-4
  • 38.­155
  • 38.­189
g.­168

ghat

Wylie:
  • mu stegs
Tibetan:
  • མུ་སྟེགས།
Sanskrit:
  • tīrtha

A set of stairs leading down to the banks of a river or pond, often used for bathing.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­137
  • 38.­171
g.­169

Gift of the Swamp

Wylie:
  • ’dam bus byin
Tibetan:
  • འདམ་བུས་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­170

Glory of Complete Dedication to Joy

Wylie:
  • dga’ ba la rnam par mos pa’i dpal
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བ་ལ་རྣམ་པར་མོས་པའི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­171

Glory of Completely Victorious Army

Wylie:
  • thab mo las rnam par rgyal ba’i g.yul gyi dpal
Tibetan:
  • ཐབ་མོ་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་གཡུལ་གྱི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­172

Glory of Stainless Appearance

Wylie:
  • dri ma med par snang ba’i dpal
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པར་སྣང་བའི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­173

gnosis

Wylie:
  • ye shes
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས།
Sanskrit:
  • jñāna

Direct knowledge of emptiness and ultimate reality.

Located in 68 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­76-77
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­95
  • 1.­98-99
  • 1.­102
  • 1.­106
  • 1.­109
  • 1.­113-114
  • 1.­123
  • 1.­138-139
  • 1.­162
  • 1.­177
  • 2.­10-11
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­33-37
  • 2.­51-52
  • 2.­59
  • 3.­1-2
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­6
  • 7.­1-2
  • 7.­4-5
  • 8.­1-2
  • 8.­4-5
  • 10.­5
  • 11.­2
  • 13.­2
  • 17.­1-2
  • 17.­4-5
  • 21.­4
  • 24.­4
  • 27.­4
  • 28.­2
  • 29.­2
  • 32.­1-2
  • 32.­4-5
  • 33.­1-2
  • 33.­5
  • 36.­2
  • 37.­24
  • 37.­30
  • 37.­65
  • 38.­198-199
  • g.­473
g.­174

Golden Face

Wylie:
  • gser mdog gdong
Tibetan:
  • གསེར་མདོག་གདོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­175

Golden Wing Offering

Wylie:
  • gser gyi gshog pa sbyin
Tibetan:
  • གསེར་གྱི་གཤོག་པ་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­176

Golden-Haired Devourer of Ṛṣis

Wylie:
  • drang srong zas len skra ser
Tibetan:
  • དྲང་སྲོང་ཟས་ལེན་སྐྲ་སེར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­177

Great Arms

Wylie:
  • lag chen
Tibetan:
  • ལག་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­178

Great Black One

Wylie:
  • nag po chen po
Tibetan:
  • ནག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­179

Great Brilliance

Wylie:
  • ’od chen
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­180

Great Cloud Acting as a Guide

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ’dren spyod
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་འདྲེན་སྤྱོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­181

Great Cloud Attainment of Coolness

Wylie:
  • sprin chen bsil bar gyur
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བསིལ་བར་གྱུར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­182

Great Cloud Bathed in Precious Sandalwood

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rin chen tsan dan bsil ba’i lus
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རིན་ཆེན་ཙན་དན་བསིལ་བའི་ལུས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­183

Great Cloud Bestowing All Medicines

Wylie:
  • sprin chen sman kun sbyin
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྨན་ཀུན་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­184

Great Cloud Bliss of Renown

Wylie:
  • sprin chen grags pa’i bde ba
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་གྲགས་པའི་བདེ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­185

Great Cloud Captain’s Eye

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ded dpon mig
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དེད་དཔོན་མིག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­186

Great Cloud Coolness of Tamala Leaves

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ta ma la’i lo ma bsil ba
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཏ་མ་ལའི་ལོ་མ་བསིལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­187

Great Cloud Correct View

Wylie:
  • sprin chen yang dag par lta ba
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཡང་དག་པར་ལྟ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­188

Great Cloud Delighting in the Eternal Nature

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rtag pa’i rang bzhin la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྟག་པའི་རང་བཞིན་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­189

Great Cloud Dispelling Darkness

Wylie:
  • sprin chen mun sel
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་མུན་སེལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­190

Great Cloud Dispelling Hail

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rim pa’i thog tog sel ba
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རིམ་པའི་ཐོག་ཏོག་སེལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­191

Great Cloud Dispelling Stains

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dri ma sel
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དྲི་མ་སེལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­192

Great Cloud Entering into the Subtle Essence

Wylie:
  • sprin chen snying po phra ba la ’jug pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྙིང་པོ་ཕྲ་བ་ལ་འཇུག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­193

Great Cloud Essence

Wylie:
  • sprin chen snying po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a bodhisattva in this discourse.

Located in 208 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­4-9
  • i.­12
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­67-69
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­98-163
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­3-4
  • 2.­20-21
  • 2.­61-63
  • 3.­1-3
  • 4.­1-3
  • 5.­1-2
  • 6.­1
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 9.­1
  • 10.­1
  • 11.­1
  • 12.­1
  • 13.­1
  • 14.­1
  • 15.­1
  • 16.­1
  • 17.­1
  • 18.­1
  • 19.­1
  • 20.­1
  • 21.­1
  • 22.­1
  • 23.­1
  • 24.­1
  • 25.­1
  • 26.­1
  • 27.­1
  • 28.­1
  • 29.­1
  • 30.­1
  • 31.­1
  • 32.­1
  • 33.­1
  • 34.­1
  • 35.­1
  • 36.­1-2
  • 37.­21-25
  • 37.­31
  • 37.­34
  • 37.­45-46
  • 38.­12
  • 38.­25-26
  • 38.­28
  • 38.­30
  • 38.­32-44
  • 38.­46-48
  • 38.­53-56
  • 38.­58-60
  • 38.­62
  • 38.­64
  • 38.­66
  • 38.­68
  • 38.­70-75
  • 38.­79
  • 38.­81
  • 38.­85
  • 38.­88-89
  • 38.­92
  • 38.­94
  • 38.­96
  • 38.­98-99
  • 38.­102-103
  • 38.­109
  • 38.­111-113
  • 38.­116
  • 38.­120-125
  • 38.­127
  • 38.­198-199
  • 38.­202
  • 38.­205
  • 38.­208
  • 38.­214-216
  • 38.­220
  • 38.­223
g.­194

Great Cloud Ever Watchful

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rtag tu lta ba
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྟག་ཏུ་ལྟ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­195

Great Cloud Excellence

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dam pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­196

Great Cloud Fame

Wylie:
  • sprin chen grags
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་གྲགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­197

Great Cloud Fearless Roar

Wylie:
  • sprin chen mi ’jigs sgra
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་མི་འཇིགས་སྒྲ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­198

Great Cloud Field of Merit

Wylie:
  • sprin chen bsod nams zhing
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བསོད་ནམས་ཞིང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­199

Great Cloud Fire-Like Lotus of Gnosis

Wylie:
  • sprin chen me lta bu’i ye shes kyi pad ma
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་མེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་པད་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­200

Great Cloud Fragrance of Perfume-Infused Utpala Flower

Wylie:
  • sprin chen bsgo bas bsgos pa’i ud pa la’i dri ldan
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བསྒོ་བས་བསྒོས་པའི་ཨུད་པ་ལའི་དྲི་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­201

Great Cloud Fully Exalted within Space

Wylie:
  • sprin chen mkha’ la mngon par ’phags
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་མཁའ་ལ་མངོན་པར་འཕགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­202

Great Cloud Glorious Golden Mountain King

Wylie:
  • sprin chen gser gyi ri bo’i rgyal po’i dpal
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་གསེར་གྱི་རི་བོའི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­203

Great Cloud Glorious Lotus Lamp

Wylie:
  • sprin chen sgron ma pad ma’i dpal
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྒྲོན་མ་པད་མའི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­204

Great Cloud Glory of Living Joyously

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dga’ bas ’tsho ba’i dpal
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དགའ་བས་འཚོ་བའི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­205

Great Cloud Great Body

Wylie:
  • sprin chen lus chen
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ལུས་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­206

Great Cloud Heap

Wylie:
  • sprin chen brtsegs
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བརྩེགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­207

Great Cloud Heaped Crowns

Wylie:
  • sprin chen cod pan gyis spungs skyes pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཅོད་པན་གྱིས་སྤུངས་སྐྱེས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­208

Great Cloud Infinitely Renowned as Exalted

Wylie:
  • sprin chen mngon par ’phags pa’i grags pa mtha’ yas
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་མངོན་པར་འཕགས་པའི་གྲགས་པ་མཐའ་ཡས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­209

Great Cloud Joyful Child without Craving

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dga’ ba sred med kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དགའ་བ་སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­210

Great Cloud King of Magical Manifestation

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rnam par ’phrul pa’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྣམ་པར་འཕྲུལ་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­211

Great Cloud King of Skillful Analysis

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dpyod pa la mkhas pa’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དཔྱོད་པ་ལ་མཁས་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­212

Great Cloud King of the Lion’s Roar

Wylie:
  • sprin chen seng ge sgra sgrogs rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སེང་གེ་སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­213

Great Cloud King of the Seeing Eye

Wylie:
  • sprin chen lta ba’i dus tshod rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ལྟ་བའི་དུས་ཚོད་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­214

Great Cloud Light Protector

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ’od srung
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་འོད་སྲུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­215

Great Cloud Lightning Flash

Wylie:
  • sprin chen glog gi ’od
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་གློག་གི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­216

Great Cloud Lightning Net

Wylie:
  • sprin chen glog gi ’od kyi dra ba can
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་གློག་གི་འོད་ཀྱི་དྲ་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­217

Great Cloud Lightning Offering

Wylie:
  • sprin chen glog sbyin
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་གློག་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­218

Great Cloud Lord of Non-Buddhists

Wylie:
  • sprin chen mu stegs su gyur pa’i dbang phyug
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་མུ་སྟེགས་སུ་གྱུར་པའི་དབང་ཕྱུག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­219

Great Cloud Lunar Brilliance

Wylie:
  • sprin chen zla ba’i gzi brjid
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཟླ་བའི་གཟི་བརྗིད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­220

Great Cloud Lush Face of the White Lotus of the Supreme Dharma

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dam pa’i chos mchog pad ma dkar po rgyas pa’i gdong
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་མཆོག་པད་མ་དཀར་པོ་རྒྱས་པའི་གདོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­221

Great Cloud Medicine King

Wylie:
  • sprin chen sman pa’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྨན་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­222

Great Cloud Most Skilled in Poetry

Wylie:
  • sprin chen snyan dngags mkhan gyi khyu mchog
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྙན་དངགས་མཁན་གྱི་ཁྱུ་མཆོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­223

Great Cloud Ocean of Intelligence

Wylie:
  • sprin chen blo gros rgya mtsho
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­224

Great Cloud Playful Gait

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rtsal gyis ’gro
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྩལ་གྱིས་འགྲོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­225

Great Cloud Priceless Beryl

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rin thang med pa’i bai dUr+ya
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རིན་ཐང་མེད་པའི་བཻ་དཱུརྱ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­226

Great Cloud Proclaimer of Certainty

Wylie:
  • sprin chen nges par sgra sgrogs
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ངེས་པར་སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­227

Great Cloud Producer of Joy

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dga’ byed can
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དགའ་བྱེད་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­228

Great Cloud Protector of Diligence

Wylie:
  • sprin chen brtson ’grus srung
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་སྲུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­229

Great Cloud Realization of the Continuity of the Excellent Dharma

Wylie:
  • sprin chen dam pa’i chos kyi rgyun rtogs
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་རྟོགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­230

Great Cloud Seed Protector

Wylie:
  • sprin chen sa bon srung
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ས་བོན་སྲུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­231

Great Cloud Skilled in Marvels

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ya mtshan la mkhas pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཡ་མཚན་ལ་མཁས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­232

Great Cloud Solar Essence

Wylie:
  • sprin chen nyi ma’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཉི་མའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­233

Great Cloud Sustained by Diligence

Wylie:
  • sprin chen brtson ’grus lto
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ལྟོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­234

Great Cloud Teacher

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ston par gyur pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྟོན་པར་གྱུར་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­235

Great Cloud Thunderclap

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ’brug bsgrags dbyangs
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་འབྲུག་བསྒྲགས་དབྱངས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­236

Great Cloud Thundering

Wylie:
  • sprin chen sgra ldan
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྒྲ་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­237

Great Cloud Tiger

Wylie:
  • sprin chen stag
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྟག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­238

Great Cloud Unmixed Conception That Does Not Apprehend Resounding

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rnam par sgrogs pa len pa med pa’i rtog pa ma ’dres pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྣམ་པར་སྒྲོགས་པ་ལེན་པ་མེད་པའི་རྟོག་པ་མ་འདྲེས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­239

Great Cloud Utter Joy

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rab dga’
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རབ་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­240

Great Cloud Vajra Glory

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rdo rje dpal
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­241

Great Cloud Vast Intellect

Wylie:
  • sprin chen chu rgyas blo gros
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཆུ་རྒྱས་བློ་གྲོས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­242

Great Cloud Vast Light

Wylie:
  • sprin chen ’od rgyas
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་འོད་རྒྱས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­243

Great Cloud Victorious Army

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rnam par rgyal ba’i sde
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་སྡེ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­244

Great Cloud Victorious Nāga Offering

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rnam par rgyal ba’i klus byin
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་ཀླུས་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­245

Great Cloud Victorious White Lotus

Wylie:
  • sprin chen rnam par rgyal ba’i pad ma dkar po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་པད་མ་དཀར་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­246

Great Diligent Nāga

Wylie:
  • brtson ’grus chen po’i klu
Tibetan:
  • བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ཆེན་པོའི་ཀླུ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Dharma king during the time of the buddha Lamp of the Nāga Family.

Located in 11 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­75-79
  • 37.­86
  • 37.­88-89
  • 38.­15
  • g.­425
  • g.­455
g.­247

Great Elephant Face

Wylie:
  • glang po che’i gdong can
Tibetan:
  • གླང་པོ་ཆེའི་གདོང་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­248

Great Elephant’s Trunk

Wylie:
  • glang po che’i rna ba can
Tibetan:
  • གླང་པོ་ཆེའི་རྣ་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kumbhāṇḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­22
g.­249

Great Fearsome Terrifier

Wylie:
  • ’jigs chen ’jigs byed
Tibetan:
  • འཇིགས་ཆེན་འཇིགས་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­250

Great Glory

Wylie:
  • dpal chen
Tibetan:
  • དཔལ་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­251

Great Glory

Wylie:
  • dpal chen
Tibetan:
  • དཔལ་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­252

Great Light

Wylie:
  • ’od chen
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­55
g.­253

Great Mount Mucilinda

Wylie:
  • btang bzung chen po
Tibetan:
  • བཏང་བཟུང་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāmucilinda

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­55
g.­254

Great Name

Wylie:
  • ming chen
Tibetan:
  • མིང་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A disciple of the tathāgata Lamp of the Nāga Family.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­77
  • 37.­80
  • 37.­90-93
g.­255

Great Roar

Wylie:
  • sgra bo che
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲ་བོ་ཆེ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­256

Great Sands

Wylie:
  • bye ma chen po
Tibetan:
  • བྱེ་མ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A town in the land of Bald Ṛṣi in the future.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­11
  • g.­5
g.­257

Great Scattering Wind

Wylie:
  • rnam par ’thor rlung chen po
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་འཐོར་རླུང་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­48
g.­258

Great Terrifier

Wylie:
  • ’jigs byed chen po
Tibetan:
  • འཇིགས་བྱེད་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­48
g.­259

great trichiliocosm world-system

Wylie:
  • stong gsum gyi stong chen po’i ’jig rten gyi khams
Tibetan:
  • སྟོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྟོང་ཆེན་པོའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས།
Sanskrit:
  • trisāhasra­mahāsāhasra­lokadhātu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvi­sāhasra­mahā­sāhasra­lokadhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems, each with its own Mount Sumeru, continents, sun and moon, etc.

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­167
  • 37.­46
  • 38.­40
  • 38.­118-119
  • 38.­124-128
  • 38.­201
  • 38.­218
g.­260

great wind king

Wylie:
  • rlung gi rgyal po chen po
Tibetan:
  • རླུང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­48
  • 1.­164
  • g.­257
  • g.­258
  • g.­431
  • g.­487
g.­261

group of six monks

Wylie:
  • drug sde
Tibetan:
  • དྲུག་སྡེ།
Sanskrit:
  • ṣaḍvargika

A group of six monks who are portrayed in Vinaya texts as constantly pushing the limits of the disciplinary rules established for the monastic community.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8
  • 37.­32
  • 37.­34
  • 37.­36
  • n.­30
g.­262

Guards the Senses

Wylie:
  • dbang po bsrungs
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོ་བསྲུངས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­263

Half-cakravartin

Wylie:
  • phyed kyi ’khor los sgyur ba’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཕྱེད་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • ardha­cakravartin

A king who rules over only half the area of a full cakravartin.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­83
  • 37.­85
g.­264

Half-Moon Forehead

Wylie:
  • ’phral ba zla gam ltar ’dug pa
Tibetan:
  • འཕྲལ་བ་ཟླ་གམ་ལྟར་འདུག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­265

Heaven of the Thirty-Three

Wylie:
  • sum cu rtsa gsum pa
Tibetan:
  • སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • trāyastriṃśa

The second of the six heavens in the desire realm, it is ruled by Indra and thirty-two other gods.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­34
  • 37.­45
  • 37.­49
  • 38.­197
  • g.­280
  • g.­331
  • g.­428
g.­266

hell realms

Wylie:
  • sems can dmyal ba
Tibetan:
  • སེམས་ཅན་དམྱལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • naraka
  • nāraka

A set of subterranean prisons whose denizens undergo various tortures as retribution for their misdeeds. Also, a denizen of those realms, one of the six classes of beings.

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­63
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­204-205
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­37
  • 2.­50
  • 37.­32
  • 37.­36-39
  • 37.­107
  • 38.­118
  • n.­30
  • g.­475
g.­267

Holder of Amazing Glory

Wylie:
  • ma la dpal du ’dzin pa
Tibetan:
  • མ་ལ་དཔལ་དུ་འཛིན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­268

Holder of Excellent Dharma

Wylie:
  • dam pa’i chos ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • དམ་པའི་ཆོས་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­269

Holder of Great Jewels

Wylie:
  • rin chen ’chang
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་འཆང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A vidyādhara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­30
g.­270

Holder of Inexhaustible Enjoyments

Wylie:
  • longs spyod mi zad ’chang
Tibetan:
  • ལོངས་སྤྱོད་མི་ཟད་འཆང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A vidyādhara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­30
g.­271

Holder of Sacred Nāga Water

Wylie:
  • klu’i ril pa can
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུའི་རིལ་པ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­272

Holder of Sacred Water Who Accepted the Five Kauravas

Wylie:
  • sgra mi snyan lnga len ril pa can
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲ་མི་སྙན་ལྔ་ལེན་རིལ་པ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­273

Holder of Water Power

Wylie:
  • chu’i shugs ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • ཆུའི་ཤུགས་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­274

Holding a Wish-Fulfilling Vine by the Head

Wylie:
  • mgo la ’khri shing thogs pa
Tibetan:
  • མགོ་ལ་འཁྲི་ཤིང་ཐོགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­275

Holds the Rains in Her Hands

Wylie:
  • lag na sbrang chang thogs pa
Tibetan:
  • ལག་ན་སྦྲང་ཆང་ཐོགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 18.­3
g.­276

House-Tunneling Robber

Wylie:
  • khyim ’bigs rkun po
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱིམ་འབིགས་རྐུན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­277

householder

Wylie:
  • khyim bdag
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱིམ་བདག
Sanskrit:
  • gṛhapati

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term is usually used for wealthy lay patrons of the Buddhist community. It also refers to a subdivision of the vaiśya (mercantile) class of traditional Indian society, comprising businessmen, merchants, landowners, and so on.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­37
  • 1.­83
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­39
  • 2.­58
  • 37.­26
  • 37.­30
g.­278

Increasing Majesty

Wylie:
  • dpal ’phel
Tibetan:
  • དཔལ་འཕེལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a king in the southern region in the distant future.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­211-212
  • g.­6
g.­279

Increasing Purity and Truth

Wylie:
  • gtsang zhing bden pa’i mtshams ’phel bar mdzad pa
Tibetan:
  • གཙང་ཞིང་བདེན་པའི་མཚམས་འཕེལ་བར་མཛད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a tathāgata in a future eon in the world system Refined Purity.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­218
  • 38.­220
g.­280

Indra

Wylie:
  • dbang po
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • indra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The lord of the Trāyastriṃśa heaven on the summit of Mount Sumeru. As one of the eight guardians of the directions, Indra guards the eastern quarter. In Buddhist sūtras, he is a disciple of the Buddha and protector of the Dharma and its practitioners. He is often referred to by the epithets Śatakratu, Śakra, and Kauśika.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­33
  • g.­265
  • g.­331
  • g.­428
  • g.­498
g.­281

Indra’s Offering

Wylie:
  • dbang pos byin
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོས་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­282

Indra’s Standard

Wylie:
  • dbang po’i tog
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོའི་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­283

Inescapable Wrathful Brow

Wylie:
  • khro gnyer mig zur can
Tibetan:
  • ཁྲོ་གཉེར་མིག་ཟུར་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­284

Inexhaustible Intellect

Wylie:
  • blo gros mi zad pa
Tibetan:
  • བློ་གྲོས་མི་ཟད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­98
g.­285

Infinite Light

Wylie:
  • ’od mtha’ yas
Tibetan:
  • འོད་མཐའ་ཡས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a bodhisattva in this discourse.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­207
g.­286

Intellect That Removes All Locks

Wylie:
  • bur ma sel ba’i blo gros
Tibetan:
  • བུར་མ་སེལ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­287

Intelligence Resounding as a Lion’s Roar

Wylie:
  • seng ge’i sgra sgrogs blo gros
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེའི་སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས་བློ་གྲོས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­288

irreversibility

Wylie:
  • phyir mi ldog pa
Tibetan:
  • ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • avinivartanīya

A stage in the gradual progression toward buddhahood, from which one will no longer regress to lower states.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­109
  • 3.­1-4
g.­289

Jambu river

Wylie:
  • ’dzam bu’i chu bo
Tibetan:
  • འཛམ་བུའི་ཆུ་བོ།
Sanskrit:
  • jambunadī

Legendary river carrying the golden fruit fallen from the legendary jambu (“rose apple”) tree.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­219
g.­290

Jambudvīpa

Wylie:
  • ’dzam bu’i gling
Tibetan:
  • འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་།
Sanskrit:
  • jambudvīpa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can signify either the known human world, or more specifically the Indian subcontinent, literally “the jambu island/continent.” Jambu is the name used for a range of plum-like fruits from trees belonging to the genus Szygium, particularly Szygium jambos and Szygium cumini, and it has commonly been rendered “rose apple,” although “black plum” may be a less misleading term. Among various explanations given for the continent being so named, one (in the Abhidharmakośa) is that a jambu tree grows in its northern mountains beside Lake Anavatapta, mythically considered the source of the four great rivers of India, and that the continent is therefore named from the tree or the fruit. Jambudvīpa has the Vajrāsana at its center and is the only continent upon which buddhas attain awakening.

Located in 48 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­168-169
  • 1.­171
  • 1.­200
  • 37.­74
  • 38.­2
  • 38.­4
  • 38.­40
  • 38.­127
  • 38.­129-159
  • 38.­162
  • 38.­197
  • 38.­205
  • 38.­213
  • 38.­216
  • 38.­218
  • n.­65
  • g.­316
g.­291

Jewel Garland-Bearing Brahmā

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa rin chen phreng ba ’chang
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པ་རིན་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་བ་འཆང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Brahmā youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­43
g.­292

Jewel Protector

Wylie:
  • rin chen skyong
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་སྐྱོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­105
g.­293

jīvañjīva

Wylie:
  • shang shang te’u
Tibetan:
  • ཤང་ཤང་ཏེའུ།
Sanskrit:
  • jīvañjīva

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­53
g.­294

Jīvañjīva’s Cry

Wylie:
  • shang shang te’u yi skad ’byin
Tibetan:
  • ཤང་ཤང་ཏེའུ་ཡི་སྐད་འབྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­16
g.­295

Joy Garland King

Wylie:
  • phreng rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཕྲེང་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­296

Joy of Indra

Wylie:
  • brgya byin dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­297

Joyful Conduct

Wylie:
  • bde spyod
Tibetan:
  • བདེ་སྤྱོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ruler of a stronghold in the future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­9
g.­298

Joyful Face

Wylie:
  • bzhin dga’
Tibetan:
  • བཞིན་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­299

Joyful Faith in the Sacred Dharma

Wylie:
  • dam pa’i chos la dga’ mos
Tibetan:
  • དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ལ་དགའ་མོས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­102
g.­300

Joyful Mind

Wylie:
  • yid bde ba
Tibetan:
  • ཡིད་བདེ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­100
g.­301

Kalandakanivāpa in the Veṇuvana

Wylie:
  • ’od ma’i tshal bya ka lan da ka gnas pa
Tibetan:
  • འོད་མའི་ཚལ་བྱ་ཀ་ལན་ད་ཀ་གནས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • veṇuvana kalandakanivāpa

Kalandaka­nivāpa means “feeding place of the kalandakas,” and kalandaka may refer either to a flying squirrel or to a bird, as explained by differing sources. The Kalandakanivāpa was a place within the bamboo grove near Rājagṛha where the Buddha regularly stayed and gave teachings. It was situated on land donated by King Śreṇya Bimbisāra of Magadha and, as such, was the first of several landholdings donated to the Buddhist community during the time of the Buddha.

No known locations for this term

g.­302

kalaviṅka

Wylie:
  • bya ka la ping ka
Tibetan:
  • བྱ་ཀ་ལ་པིང་ཀ
Sanskrit:
  • kalaviṅka

A mythical bird with the most beautiful call.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­52
  • g.­332
g.­303

Kātyāyanī

Wylie:
  • kA t+yA
Tibetan:
  • ཀཱ་ཏྱཱ།
Sanskrit:
  • kātyāyanī

Another name for the goddess Durga.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­25
  • g.­304
g.­304

Kātyāyanīputra

Wylie:
  • kA t+yA’i bu
Tibetan:
  • ཀཱ་ཏྱཱའི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • kātyāyanīputra

See “Kātyāyanī.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­25
g.­305

Kauṇḍinya

Wylie:
  • kauN+Di n+ya
Tibetan:
  • ཀཽཎྜི་ནྱ།
Sanskrit:
  • kauṇḍinya

A brahmin described as a master grammarian.

Located in 27 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­3
  • i.­8
  • 37.­32
  • 37.­34
  • 37.­47-48
  • 37.­50
  • 37.­63
  • 37.­83
  • 37.­97-111
  • n.­23
  • n.­34
g.­306

Kharjūrikā

Wylie:
  • ’bra go can
Tibetan:
  • འབྲ་གོ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • kharjūrikā

A village.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­11
g.­307

Killer of Haughty Obstructers

Wylie:
  • dgra rig dregs ’joms gsod
Tibetan:
  • དགྲ་རིག་དྲེགས་འཇོམས་གསོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­308

King of Lion’s Play

Wylie:
  • seng ge rnam par rol pa’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེ་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­103
g.­309

King of Pleasant Music

Wylie:
  • rangs byed kyi rol mo’i sa ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • རངས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་རོལ་མོའི་ས་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­310

kinnara

Wylie:
  • mi ’am ci
Tibetan:
  • མི་འམ་ཅི།
Sanskrit:
  • kinnara

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name‍—which means “is that human?”‍—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. Kinnaras are mythological beings found in both Buddhist and Brahmanical literature, where they are portrayed as creatures half human, half animal. They are often depicted as highly skilled celestial musicians.

Located in 21 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­18-19
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • 38.­24
  • 38.­119
  • 38.­223
  • g.­34
  • g.­112
  • g.­122
  • g.­133
  • g.­172
  • g.­262
  • g.­307
  • g.­336
  • g.­367
  • g.­388
  • g.­402
  • g.­412
  • g.­463
  • g.­474
g.­311

knowledge mantra

Wylie:
  • rig sngags
Tibetan:
  • རིག་སྔགས།
Sanskrit:
  • vidyā

A type of incantation used in meditative and ritual contexts.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­88
  • 1.­95
g.­312

Kośala

Wylie:
  • ko sa la
Tibetan:
  • ཀོ་ས་ལ།
Sanskrit:
  • kośala

An ancient Indian kingdom located in present-day Uttar Pradesh that was ruled by King Prasenajit during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­36
  • g.­392
  • g.­449
g.­313

Kṛṣṇa’s Offering

Wylie:
  • gling bu can
Tibetan:
  • གླིང་བུ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­314

Kumāra

Wylie:
  • gzhon nu
Tibetan:
  • གཞོན་ནུ།
Sanskrit:
  • kumāra

Another name for Kārttikeya, the son of Śiva, also known as Skanda.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­25
g.­315

kumbhāṇḍa

Wylie:
  • grul bum
Tibetan:
  • གྲུལ་བུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • kumbhāṇḍa

A class of nonhuman beings.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22-23
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • g.­132
  • g.­153
  • g.­248
  • g.­477
g.­316

Lamp of the Nāga Family

Wylie:
  • klu rigs sgron ma
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ་རིགས་སྒྲོན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A tathāgata in Jambudvīpa in a past eon.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­73
  • 37.­75-78
  • 37.­93
  • 38.­15
  • g.­246
  • g.­254
g.­317

Langur-Like Moon Face

Wylie:
  • spra bzhin zla ba gdong
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲ་བཞིན་ཟླ་བ་གདོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­318

latent karmic tendencies

Wylie:
  • bag chags
Tibetan:
  • བག་ཆགས།
Sanskrit:
  • vāsanā

Subconscious tendencies, reinforced by karmic patterns, that predispose individuals to particular patterns of behavior.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­37
g.­319

Leader

Wylie:
  • sde bdag
Tibetan:
  • སྡེ་བདག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A cuckoo king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­51
g.­320

Leaving Behind Desire

Wylie:
  • ’dod pa la rgyab kyis phyogs pa
Tibetan:
  • འདོད་པ་ལ་རྒྱབ་ཀྱིས་ཕྱོགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­321

Licchavi

Wylie:
  • lid tsha bI
Tibetan:
  • ལིད་ཚ་བཱི།
Sanskrit:
  • licchavi

The name of a city-state, whose capital was Vaiśālī, and the ruling clan that dwelt there.

Located in 47 passages in the translation:

  • i.­3
  • i.­8
  • 1.­6-7
  • 37.­48-50
  • 37.­63
  • 37.­89
  • 38.­11
  • 38.­15
  • n.­34
  • g.­7
  • g.­9
  • g.­56
  • g.­70
  • g.­71
  • g.­91
  • g.­92
  • g.­94
  • g.­98
  • g.­99
  • g.­121
  • g.­130
  • g.­131
  • g.­162
  • g.­163
  • g.­177
  • g.­250
  • g.­281
  • g.­282
  • g.­287
  • g.­313
  • g.­322
  • g.­324
  • g.­329
  • g.­333
  • g.­368
  • g.­369
  • g.­371
  • g.­386
  • g.­399
  • g.­443
  • g.­451
  • g.­457
  • g.­491
  • g.­500
g.­322

Light of Indra’s Banner

Wylie:
  • dbang po’i rgyal mtshan ’od
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­323

Light of Precious Family

Wylie:
  • rin po che’i rigs kyi ’od
Tibetan:
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རིགས་ཀྱི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 27.­3
g.­324

Lightning Garland

Wylie:
  • glog phreng can
Tibetan:
  • གློག་ཕྲེང་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­325

Lightning-Pacifying Venerable

Wylie:
  • glog zhi byed btsun
Tibetan:
  • གློག་ཞི་བྱེད་བཙུན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­26
g.­326

Like a Plantain Tree

Wylie:
  • me tog sil ma
Tibetan:
  • མེ་ཏོག་སིལ་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An apsaras present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­45
g.­327

links of conditioned existence

Wylie:
  • srid pa’i yan lag
Tibetan:
  • སྲིད་པའི་ཡན་ལག
Sanskrit:
  • bhavāṅga

See “twelve links of conditioned existence.”

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­152
  • 38.­186
g.­328

Lion Hero

Wylie:
  • seng ge dpa’ bo
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེ་དཔའ་བོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 21.­3
g.­329

Lion Lamp

Wylie:
  • seng ge sgron ma
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེ་སྒྲོན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­330

Lion-Like Hero

Wylie:
  • seng ge tar dpa’
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེ་ཏར་དཔའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goose king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­49
g.­331

Lord of the Devas

Wylie:
  • lha’i dbang po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷའི་དབང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • devānām indraḥ

Epithet of the chief of the gods who reside in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Also known as Indra.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­34
  • 38.­197
g.­332

Lotus-Like Eyes

Wylie:
  • pad ma’i ’dab ma ’dra ba’i mig
Tibetan:
  • པད་མའི་འདབ་མ་འདྲ་བའི་མིག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kalaviṅka king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­52
g.­333

Luminous Renown

Wylie:
  • ’od grags
Tibetan:
  • འོད་གྲགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­334

Luminous Renown of Joy

Wylie:
  • dga’ bar grags pa’i ’od
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བར་གྲགས་པའི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­335

Lustrous

Wylie:
  • sang sang
Tibetan:
  • སང་སང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­336

Lusts after Goddesses

Wylie:
  • lha’i bu mo la ’bod pa
Tibetan:
  • ལྷའི་བུ་མོ་ལ་འབོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­337

Mahākapila

Wylie:
  • ser po chen po
Tibetan:
  • སེར་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahākapila

The name of a bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­40-41
g.­338

Mahākāśyapa

Wylie:
  • ’od srung chen po
Tibetan:
  • འོད་སྲུང་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahākāśyapa

One of the Buddha Śākyamuni’s foremost disciples. Known for his prowess in ascetic discipline, he became the head of the monastic community after the Buddha Śākyamuni passed into parinirvāṇa.

Located in 14 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1-2
  • 37.­93
  • 37.­113-116
  • 37.­118
  • 37.­120
  • 37.­122
  • 38.­1
  • 38.­4
  • 38.­8
  • 38.­10
g.­339

Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī

Wylie:
  • skye dgu’i bdag mo chen mo gau ta mI
Tibetan:
  • སྐྱེ་དགུའི་བདག་མོ་ཆེན་མོ་གཽ་ཏ་མཱི།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāprajāpatī gautamī

The Buddha Śākyamuni’s maternal aunt who became the first female renunciant in the Buddhist monastic order.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­340

Maheśvara

Wylie:
  • dbang phyug chen po
Tibetan:
  • དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • maheśvara

Epithet of Śiva.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­42
  • 37.­25
g.­341

mahoraga

Wylie:
  • lto ’phye chen po
Tibetan:
  • ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahoraga

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally “great serpents,” mahoragas are supernatural beings depicted as large, subterranean beings with human torsos and heads and the lower bodies of serpents. Their movements are said to cause earthquakes, and they make up a class of subterranean geomantic spirits whose movement through the seasons and months of the year is deemed significant for construction projects.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • 38.­24
  • 38.­119
  • 38.­223
g.­342

makara

Wylie:
  • chu srin
Tibetan:
  • ཆུ་སྲིན།
Sanskrit:
  • makara

A mythical sea monster.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­70
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­45
  • 37.­46
g.­343

Mallikā

Wylie:
  • phreng ldan ma
Tibetan:
  • ཕྲེང་ལྡན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • mallikā

Queen of King Prasenajit.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­40
g.­344

Manasvin

Wylie:
  • gzi can
Tibetan:
  • གཟི་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • manasvin

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­345

Māndārava Heap

Wylie:
  • man dAr ba brtsegs pa
Tibetan:
  • མན་དཱར་བ་བརྩེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­346

Manifest Beauty

Wylie:
  • mngon par sgeg ma
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་སྒེག་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 16.­3
g.­347

Manifest Clarity

Wylie:
  • mngon par dang ba
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་དང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­98
g.­348

Manifest Clarity

Wylie:
  • mngon par dang ba
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་དང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the distant future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­22
g.­349

Manifest Delight in the Nutmeg Flower

Wylie:
  • sna ma’i me tog la mngon par dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • སྣ་མའི་མེ་ཏོག་ལ་མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 32.­3
g.­350

Manifest Sustenance

Wylie:
  • mngon par ’tsho bar byed pa
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་འཚོ་བར་བྱེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 12.­3
g.­351

Many Households

Wylie:
  • mang khyer
Tibetan:
  • མང་ཁྱེར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­352

Māra

Wylie:
  • bdud
Tibetan:
  • བདུད།
Sanskrit:
  • māra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Māra, literally “death” or “maker of death,” is the name of the deva who tried to prevent the Buddha from achieving awakening, the name given to the class of beings he leads, and also an impersonal term for the destructive forces that keep beings imprisoned in saṃsāra:

(1) As a deva, Māra is said to be the principal deity in the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations (paranirmitavaśavartin), the highest paradise in the desire realm. He famously attempted to prevent the Buddha’s awakening under the Bodhi tree‍—see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 21.1‍—and later sought many times to thwart the Buddha’s activity. In the sūtras, he often also creates obstacles to the progress of śrāvakas and bodhisattvas. (2) The devas ruled over by Māra are collectively called mārakāyika or mārakāyikadevatā, the “deities of Māra’s family or class.” In general, these māras too do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra, but can also change their ways and even end up developing faith in the Buddha, as exemplified by Sārthavāha; see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 21.14 and 21.43. (3) The term māra can also be understood as personifying four defects that prevent awakening, called (i) the divine māra (devaputra­māra), which is the distraction of pleasures; (ii) the māra of Death (mṛtyumāra), which is having one’s life interrupted; (iii) the māra of the aggregates (skandhamāra), which is identifying with the five aggregates; and (iv) the māra of the afflictions (kleśamāra), which is being under the sway of the negative emotions of desire, hatred, and ignorance.

Located in 28 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­44
  • 1.­69
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­204
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­60
  • 29.­4
  • 37.­31-32
  • 37.­36
  • 37.­44
  • 38.­5
  • 38.­9
  • 38.­13-14
  • 38.­23
  • 38.­151
  • 38.­162
  • 38.­185
  • 38.­196
  • 38.­219
  • g.­158
g.­353

marks of the Tathāgata

Wylie:
  • de bzhin gshegs pa’i mtshan
Tibetan:
  • དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་མཚན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The thirty-two major marks that distinguish a buddha.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­48-50
  • 38.­53
g.­354

Maurya

Wylie:
  • mo’u r+ya
Tibetan:
  • མོའུ་རྱ།
Sanskrit:
  • maurya

Ancient Indian dynasty, c. 321–185 ʙᴄᴇ, whose empire covered most of India.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8
  • 37.­83
  • g.­26
g.­355

Meatless Food Offering

Wylie:
  • sha med zas sbyin
Tibetan:
  • ཤ་མེད་ཟས་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­356

meditative absorption

Wylie:
  • bsam gtan
Tibetan:
  • བསམ་གཏན།
Sanskrit:
  • dhyāna

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Dhyāna is defined as one-pointed abiding in an undistracted state of mind, free from afflicted mental states. Four states of dhyāna are identified as being conducive to birth within the form realm. In the context of the Mahāyāna, it is the fifth of the six perfections. It is commonly translated as “concentration,” “meditative concentration,” and so on.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 2.­33
  • 2.­42-43
  • 38.­148
  • 38.­182
  • g.­51
  • g.­473
g.­357

Melody

Wylie:
  • gdangs snyan
Tibetan:
  • གདངས་སྙན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­16
g.­358

Mind Enchanting

Wylie:
  • yid ’phrog
Tibetan:
  • ཡིད་འཕྲོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­359

Moon Crested

Wylie:
  • zla ba’i gtsug phud can
Tibetan:
  • ཟླ་བའི་གཙུག་ཕུད་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­360

Mount Kailāśa

Wylie:
  • ti se’i gangs
  • ti se’i gangs can
Tibetan:
  • ཏི་སེའི་གངས།
  • ཏི་སེའི་གངས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • kailāśa

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­26
  • 3.­3
g.­361

Mount Malaya

Wylie:
  • ri ma la ya
Tibetan:
  • རི་མ་ལ་ཡ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­74
g.­362

Mount Meru

Wylie:
  • ri rab
Tibetan:
  • རི་རབ།
Sanskrit:
  • meru
  • sumeru

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

According to ancient Buddhist cosmology, this is the great mountain forming the axis of the universe. At its summit is Sudarśana, home of Śakra and his thirty-two gods, and on its flanks live the asuras. The mount has four sides facing the cardinal directions, each of which is made of a different precious stone. Surrounding it are several mountain ranges and the great ocean where the four principal island continents lie: in the south, Jambudvīpa (our world); in the west, Godānīya; in the north, Uttarakuru; and in the east, Pūrvavideha. Above it are the abodes of the desire realm gods. It is variously referred to as Meru, Mount Meru, Sumeru, and Mount Sumeru.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­42
  • 1.­55
  • 2.­24
  • 37.­45
  • 38.­1
  • 38.­24
  • 38.­40
g.­363

Mount Mucilinda

Wylie:
  • ri btang bzung
Tibetan:
  • རི་བཏང་བཟུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • mucilinda

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­55
g.­364

Mountaintop Cloud

Wylie:
  • ri bo dang sprin lta bu
Tibetan:
  • རི་བོ་དང་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An elephant king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­60
g.­365

muni

Wylie:
  • thub pa
Tibetan:
  • ཐུབ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • muni

“Sage.” An epithet for a buddha. Muni is an ancient title, derived from the verb man (“to contemplate”), given to someone who has attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­4
g.­366

nāga

Wylie:
  • klu
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nāga

A class of nonhuman serpentine beings. They can change their shape and are usually said to reside in water.

Located in 18 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­66
  • 1.­82
  • 1.­167
  • 1.­171
  • 1.­188
  • 1.­212
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­57
  • 37.­46
  • 37.­108
  • 37.­111
  • 38.­118-119
  • 38.­223
  • g.­153
  • g.­370
  • g.­438
g.­367

Nāga City

Wylie:
  • klu khyer
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ་ཁྱེར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­368

Nāga Glory

Wylie:
  • klu dpal
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­369

Nāga Head

Wylie:
  • klu mgo
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ་མགོ
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­370

nāga king

Wylie:
  • klu’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • nāgarāja

A king among the nāga.

Located in 30 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­10-11
  • 2.­26
  • 6.­3
  • 10.­2
  • 24.­2
  • n.­21
  • g.­4
  • g.­19
  • g.­35
  • g.­53
  • g.­63
  • g.­64
  • g.­164
  • g.­174
  • g.­273
  • g.­344
  • g.­351
  • g.­376
  • g.­380
  • g.­389
  • g.­426
  • g.­427
  • g.­434
  • g.­435
  • g.­440
  • g.­444
  • g.­458
  • g.­472
  • g.­504
g.­371

Nāga Protector

Wylie:
  • klus skyong
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུས་སྐྱོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­372

nine categories of discourses

Wylie:
  • yan lag dgu’i mdo
Tibetan:
  • ཡན་ལག་དགུའི་མདོ།
Sanskrit:
  • navāṅgaśāsana

Nine divisions of the Buddhist scriptures.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­149
  • 38.­183
g.­373

nirgrantha

Wylie:
  • gcer bu pa
Tibetan:
  • གཅེར་བུ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • nirgrantha

Followers of the teacher Nirgrantha Jñātiputra, a contemporary of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Usually understood to refer to Jains.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­89
  • 38.­43
  • 38.­45
  • n.­24
g.­374

non-Buddhist

Wylie:
  • mu stegs
Tibetan:
  • མུ་སྟེགས།
Sanskrit:
  • tīrthika

Originally used to refer to other renunciant orders that were contemporary with that of the Buddha Śākyamuni, generally used to refer to any proponent of non-Buddhist teachings.

Located in 21 passages in the translation:

  • i.­7
  • 1.­43
  • 1.­71
  • 1.­82
  • 1.­157
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­38
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­57
  • 37.­26
  • 37.­78-79
  • 37.­88
  • 37.­109
  • 38.­144
  • 38.­178
  • 38.­213
  • 38.­219
  • n.­71
  • g.­59
g.­375

non-returning

Wylie:
  • phyir mi ’ong ba
Tibetan:
  • ཕྱིར་མི་འོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • anāgāmin

One who will not be reborn again. Third of the four fruitions.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­48
  • g.­148
g.­376

Obsidian Hair

Wylie:
  • stang zil gtsug phud
Tibetan:
  • སྟང་ཟིལ་གཙུག་ཕུད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­377

Ocean Stirrer

Wylie:
  • rgya mtsho ’khrug byed
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱ་མཚོ་འཁྲུག་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­26
g.­378

Oceanic Intellect

Wylie:
  • blo gros rgya mtsho
Tibetan:
  • བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 31.­3
g.­379

once-returning

Wylie:
  • lan cig phyir ’ong ba
Tibetan:
  • ལན་ཅིག་ཕྱིར་འོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • sakṛdāgāmin

One who is bound for only one further rebirth. Second of the four fruitions.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­48
  • g.­148
g.­380

Padma

Wylie:
  • pad ma
Tibetan:
  • པད་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • padma

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­381

Pañcāla

Wylie:
  • ban tsa
Tibetan:
  • བན་ཙ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcāla

An ancient North Indian kingdom located in present-day Uttar Pradesh.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­38
  • g.­58
g.­382

parinirvāṇa

Wylie:
  • yongs su mya ngan las ’das pa
Tibetan:
  • ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • parinirvāṇa

The final attainment of release from cyclic existence.

Located in 46 passages in the translation:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­72
  • 1.­77
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­95-96
  • 1.­163
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­47
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­60
  • 22.­4
  • 37.­31
  • 37.­79
  • 37.­113
  • 37.­115-119
  • 37.­123
  • 37.­125
  • 38.­1
  • 38.­22-23
  • 38.­87
  • 38.­91
  • 38.­93
  • 38.­95
  • 38.­97-98
  • 38.­113
  • 38.­117
  • 38.­159-161
  • 38.­193-195
  • 38.­211
  • 38.­214
  • 38.­216
  • g.­338
g.­383

Pinnacle of Guarding All Sacred Dharmas

Wylie:
  • dam pa’i chos kun tu srung ba’i tog tu gyur pa
Tibetan:
  • དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀུན་ཏུ་སྲུང་བའི་ཏོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­105
g.­384

piśāca

Wylie:
  • sha za
Tibetan:
  • ཤ་ཟ།
Sanskrit:
  • piśāca

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that, like several other classes of nonhuman beings, take spontaneous birth. Ranking below rākṣasas, they are less powerful and more akin to pretas. They are said to dwell in impure and perilous places, where they feed on impure things, including flesh. This could account for the name piśāca, which possibly derives from √piś, to carve or chop meat, as reflected also in the Tibetan sha za, “meat eater.” They are often described as having an unpleasant appearance, and at times they appear with animal bodies. Some possess the ability to enter the dead bodies of humans, thereby becoming so-called vetāla, to touch whom is fatal.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­64
g.­385

Played by Five

Wylie:
  • lngas rtsen
Tibetan:
  • ལྔས་རྩེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­386

Pleasant Glory

Wylie:
  • rangs byed dpal
Tibetan:
  • རངས་བྱེད་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­387

Pleasing Proclamation of Great Loving-Kindness

Wylie:
  • byams pa chen po’i tshig snyan par sgrogs pa
Tibetan:
  • བྱམས་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཚིག་སྙན་པར་སྒྲོགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­388

Pleasing to Women’s Hearts

Wylie:
  • bud med kyi snying du sdug pa
Tibetan:
  • བུད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྙིང་དུ་སྡུག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­389

Poisonless

Wylie:
  • dug med
Tibetan:
  • དུག་མེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­3
g.­390

Possessing Various Garlands

Wylie:
  • phreng ba sna tshogs can
Tibetan:
  • ཕྲེང་བ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 33.­3
g.­391

Power of Blazing Fire

Wylie:
  • me’i gzi brjid kyi shugs can
Tibetan:
  • མེའི་གཟི་བརྗིད་ཀྱི་ཤུགས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­392

Prasenajit

Wylie:
  • gsal rgyal
Tibetan:
  • གསལ་རྒྱལ།
Sanskrit:
  • prasenajit

King of Kośala.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­36
  • g.­312
  • g.­343
g.­393

pratimokṣa vows

Wylie:
  • so sor thar pa’i sdom pa
Tibetan:
  • སོ་སོར་ཐར་པའི་སྡོམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • prātimokśasaṃvara

The vows or rules of conduct for those who pursue liberation, sometimes contrasted with the bodhisattva vows.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­36
  • 38.­12
g.­394

pratyekabuddha

Wylie:
  • rang sangs rgyas
Tibetan:
  • རང་སངས་རྒྱས།
Sanskrit:
  • pratyekabuddha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally, “buddha for oneself” or “solitary realizer.” Someone who, in his or her last life, attains awakening entirely through their own contemplation, without relying on a teacher. Unlike the awakening of a fully realized buddha (samyaksambuddha), the accomplishment of a pratyeka­buddha is not regarded as final or ultimate. They attain realization of the nature of dependent origination, the selflessness of the person, and a partial realization of the selflessness of phenomena, by observing the suchness of all that arises through interdependence. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary merit, compassion or motivation to teach others. They are named as “rhinoceros-like” (khaḍgaviṣāṇakalpa) for their preference for staying in solitude or as “congregators” (vargacārin) when their preference is to stay among peers.

Located in 28 passages in the translation:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­94-95
  • 1.­98
  • 1.­106-107
  • 1.­161
  • 37.­34-35
  • 37.­39-40
  • 37.­42
  • 37.­45
  • 37.­49
  • 37.­106
  • 37.­121
  • 38.­22
  • 38.­29
  • 38.­38
  • 38.­40
  • 38.­115
  • 38.­158
  • 38.­192
  • 38.­198
  • 38.­219
  • n.­26
  • n.­28
g.­395

Precious Flower

Wylie:
  • rin chen me tog
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་མེ་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 26.­3
g.­396

Precious Glory

Wylie:
  • rin chen dpal
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 25.­3
g.­397

Precious Lotus

Wylie:
  • rin chen pad ma
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་པད་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A lion king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­59
g.­398

Precious Victory Banner

Wylie:
  • rin chen rgyal mtshan
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­99
g.­399

Precious Voice

Wylie:
  • rin chen mgrin dbyangs
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་མགྲིན་དབྱངས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­400

preta

Wylie:
  • gcod byed
Tibetan:
  • གཅོད་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • preta

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, into which beings are born as the karmic fruition of past miserliness. As the term in Sanskrit means “the departed,” they are analogous to the ancestral spirits of Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. It is also commonly translated as “hungry ghost” or “starving spirit,” as in the Chinese 餓鬼 e gui.

They are sometimes said to reside in the realm of Yama, but are also frequently described as roaming charnel grounds and other inhospitable or frightening places along with piśācas and other such beings. They are particularly known to suffer from great hunger and thirst and the inability to acquire sustenance. Detailed descriptions of their realm and experience, including a list of the thirty-six classes of pretas, can be found in The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Toh 287, 2.­1281– 2.1482.

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­26-27
  • 1.­63
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • g.­46
  • g.­103
  • g.­151
  • g.­325
  • g.­377
  • g.­475
  • g.­501
g.­401

Profound Definitive Proclamation

Wylie:
  • nges par sgra sgrogs zab mo
Tibetan:
  • ངེས་པར་སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས་ཟབ་མོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­402

Profound Instruction

Wylie:
  • zab mo’i tshul bsgos
Tibetan:
  • ཟབ་མོའི་ཚུལ་བསྒོས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­403

Protector of Excellence

Wylie:
  • bzang skyong
Tibetan:
  • བཟང་སྐྱོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 30.­3
g.­404

Pure Venerable Family

Wylie:
  • rigs btsun pa rnam par dag pa
Tibetan:
  • རིགས་བཙུན་པ་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 23.­3
g.­405

Purity and Truth

Wylie:
  • gtsang zhing bden pa’i mtshams
Tibetan:
  • གཙང་ཞིང་བདེན་པའི་མཚམས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a future eon.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­218
  • 38.­220
g.­406

Radiant Appearance

Wylie:
  • blta na ’od chags
Tibetan:
  • བལྟ་ན་འོད་ཆགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A peacock king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­50
g.­407

Radiant Source of Gnosis

Wylie:
  • ye shes ’byung gnas ’od
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་འབྱུང་གནས་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a tathāgata in this discourse.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­22-24
g.­408

Rāhu

Wylie:
  • sgra gcan
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲ་གཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • rāhu

An asura who is said to cause eclipses.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­56
g.­409

Rāhula

Wylie:
  • sgra gcan
  • sgra gcan zin
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲ་གཅན།
  • སྒྲ་གཅན་ཟིན།
Sanskrit:
  • rāhula

The son of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­219
  • 37.­47
  • 38.­16
g.­410

Rājagṛha

Wylie:
  • rgyal po’i khab
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
Sanskrit:
  • rājagṛha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The ancient capital of Magadha prior to its relocation to Pāṭaliputra during the Mauryan dynasty, Rājagṛha is one of the most important locations in Buddhist history. The literature tells us that the Buddha and his saṅgha spent a considerable amount of time in residence in and around Rājagṛha‍—in nearby places, such as the Vulture Peak Mountain (Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata), a major site of the Mahāyāna sūtras, and the Bamboo Grove (Veṇuvana)‍—enjoying the patronage of King Bimbisāra and then of his son King Ajātaśatru. Rājagṛha is also remembered as the location where the first Buddhist monastic council was held after the Buddha Śākyamuni passed into parinirvāṇa. Now known as Rajgir and located in the modern Indian state of Bihar.

Located in 13 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­43
  • 1.­46
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­169
  • 1.­180
  • 1.­186
  • 1.­198-199
  • 37.­74
  • g.­301
  • g.­446
  • g.­507
g.­411

rākṣasa

Wylie:
  • srin po
Tibetan:
  • སྲིན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • rākṣasa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that are often, but certainly not always, considered demonic in the Buddhist tradition. They are often depicted as flesh-eating monsters who haunt frightening places and are ugly and evil-natured with a yearning for human flesh, and who additionally have miraculous powers, such as being able to change their appearance.

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­20-21
  • 1.­64
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • g.­23
  • g.­65
  • g.­74
  • g.­85
  • g.­157
  • g.­176
  • g.­255
  • g.­418
  • g.­442
  • g.­459
  • g.­516
g.­412

Ravishing Women’s Minds

Wylie:
  • bud med sems ’phrog
Tibetan:
  • བུད་མེད་སེམས་འཕྲོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­413

Refined Purity

Wylie:
  • gtsang ma sbyong ba
Tibetan:
  • གཙང་མ་སྦྱོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system Endurance in a future eon.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­218-220
  • g.­156
  • g.­279
g.­414

Rejoices in the Dhāraṇī of the Precious Garland

Wylie:
  • rin po che’i phreng ba’i gzungs la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཕྲེང་བའི་གཟུངས་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­5
g.­415

Renowned for Delightful Magical Manifestations

Wylie:
  • rnam par ’phrul pas dang bar byed pa’i grags pa
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་འཕྲུལ་པས་དང་བར་བྱེད་པའི་གྲགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­101
g.­416

Renowned for Joyous Faith

Wylie:
  • dga’ zhing dang ba’i grags pa
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་ཞིང་དང་བའི་གྲགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­417

Reviled by the Land

Wylie:
  • yul gyis g.yon spyo ba
Tibetan:
  • ཡུལ་གྱིས་གཡོན་སྤྱོ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­418

Rib Roaster

Wylie:
  • rtsib ma sreg
Tibetan:
  • རྩིབ་མ་སྲེག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­419

Roaring in Front of King Splendid Robe

Wylie:
  • thag zangs ris kyi mdun na sgra sgrogs
Tibetan:
  • ཐག་ཟངས་རིས་ཀྱི་མདུན་ན་སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­420

Roaring Wind

Wylie:
  • ’ur ’ur
Tibetan:
  • འུར་འུར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­421

ṛṣi

Wylie:
  • drang srong
Tibetan:
  • དྲང་སྲོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • ṛṣi

A class of superhuman beings who live extremely long lives.

Located in 21 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­32-33
  • g.­2
  • g.­12
  • g.­15
  • g.­24
  • g.­27
  • g.­41
  • g.­72
  • g.­76
  • g.­81
  • g.­169
  • g.­271
  • g.­272
  • g.­320
  • g.­355
  • g.­445
  • g.­454
  • g.­479
  • g.­480
  • g.­486
g.­422

Rumbling Like Drums

Wylie:
  • rnga bo che dang cang te’u yi sgra ltar dir dir
Tibetan:
  • རྔ་བོ་ཆེ་དང་ཅང་ཏེའུ་ཡི་སྒྲ་ལྟར་དིར་དིར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­423

Sacred

Wylie:
  • dam pa
Tibetan:
  • དམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

See “Sacred Goddess Who Upholds the Teachings and Delights in the Great Vehicle.”

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­76
  • 37.­88
g.­424

Sacred Goddess

Wylie:
  • dam pa lha mo
Tibetan:
  • དམ་པ་ལྷ་མོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

See “Sacred Goddess Who Upholds the Teachings and Delights in the Great Vehicle.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­79
g.­425

Sacred Goddess Who Upholds the Teachings and Delights in the Great Vehicle

Wylie:
  • dam pa lha mo theg pa chen po la rab tu dga’ bar sems pa bstan pa ’dzin pa
Tibetan:
  • དམ་པ་ལྷ་མོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་དགའ་བར་སེམས་པ་བསྟན་པ་འཛིན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A queen of the Dharma king Great Diligent Nāga.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­75
  • g.­423
  • g.­424
g.­426

Sāgara

Wylie:
  • rgya mtsho
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱ་མཚོ།
Sanskrit:
  • sāgara

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­427

Sage of Mount Kailāśa

Wylie:
  • ti se’i gangs thub
Tibetan:
  • ཏི་སེའི་གངས་ཐུབ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­428

Śakra

Wylie:
  • brgya byin
Tibetan:
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • śakra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The lord of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three (trāyastriṃśa). Alternatively known as Indra, the deity that is called “lord of the gods” dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation brgya byin (meaning “one hundred sacrifices”) is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. Each world with a central Sumeru has a Śakra. Also known by other names such as Kauśika, Devendra, and Śacipati.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­34
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • 37.­30
  • 38.­118
  • 38.­197
  • g.­280
g.­429

Śākya

Wylie:
  • shAkya
Tibetan:
  • ཤཱཀྱ།
Sanskrit:
  • śākya

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Name of the ancient tribe in which the Buddha was born as a prince; their kingdom was based to the east of Kośala, in the foothills near the present-day border of India and Nepal, with Kapilavastu as its capital.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­106
  • 1.­172
  • 37.­32
  • 37.­35-36
  • 37.­73
  • 38.­11
g.­430

samādhi

Wylie:
  • ting nge ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • samādhi

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In a general sense, samādhi can describe a number of different meditative states. In the Mahāyāna literature, in particular in the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, we find extensive lists of different samādhis, numbering over one hundred.

In a more restricted sense, and when understood as a mental state, samādhi is defined as the one-pointedness of the mind (cittaikāgratā), the ability to remain on the same object over long periods of time. The Drajor Bamponyipa (sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa) commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti explains the term samādhi as referring to the instrument through which mind and mental states “get collected,” i.e., it is by the force of samādhi that the continuum of mind and mental states becomes collected on a single point of reference without getting distracted.

Located in 144 passages in the translation:

  • i.­5
  • i.­7
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­69
  • 1.­96
  • 1.­103-105
  • 1.­108
  • 1.­160
  • 1.­175
  • 1.­216
  • 2.­2-4
  • 2.­20-45
  • 2.­61-63
  • 2.­66
  • 24.­4
  • 37.­2
  • 37.­10
  • 37.­16
  • 37.­21
  • 37.­24-25
  • 37.­31
  • 37.­45-46
  • 37.­88
  • 37.­107
  • 37.­125
  • 38.­14
  • 38.­25-26
  • 38.­28-30
  • 38.­32-41
  • 38.­43
  • 38.­45-48
  • 38.­52-60
  • 38.­62-68
  • 38.­70-77
  • 38.­81
  • 38.­85
  • 38.­87-91
  • 38.­93
  • 38.­95
  • 38.­97
  • 38.­99
  • 38.­103
  • 38.­109
  • 38.­111-112
  • 38.­115-117
  • 38.­123-129
  • 38.­136
  • 38.­148
  • 38.­170
  • 38.­182
  • 38.­198
  • 38.­205
  • 38.­207
  • 38.­209
  • n.­45-48
  • n.­51
  • n.­54
  • n.­62
g.­431

Scattering Wind

Wylie:
  • rnam par ’thor rlung
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་འཐོར་རླུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­48
  • 1.­164
g.­432

sense base

Wylie:
  • skye mched
Tibetan:
  • སྐྱེ་མཆེད།
Sanskrit:
  • āyatana

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

These can be listed as twelve or as six sense sources (sometimes also called sense fields, bases of cognition, or simply āyatanas).

In the context of epistemology, it is one way of describing experience and the world in terms of twelve sense sources, which can be divided into inner and outer sense sources, namely: (1–2) eye and form, (3–4) ear and sound, (5–6) nose and odor, (7–8) tongue and taste, (9–10) body and touch, (11–12) mind and mental phenomena.

In the context of the twelve links of dependent origination, only six sense sources are mentioned, and they are the inner sense sources (identical to the six faculties) of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­92
  • g.­102
g.­433

seven precious substances

Wylie:
  • rin po che sna bdun
Tibetan:
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྣ་བདུན།
Sanskrit:
  • saptaratna

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The set of seven precious materials or substances includes a range of precious metals and gems, but their exact list varies. The set often consists of gold, silver, beryl, crystal, red pearls, emeralds, and white coral, but may also contain lapis lazuli, ruby, sapphire, chrysoberyl, diamonds, etc. The term is frequently used in the sūtras to exemplify preciousness, wealth, and beauty, and can describe treasures, offering materials, or the features of architectural structures such as stūpas, palaces, thrones, etc. The set is also used to describe the beauty and prosperity of buddha realms and the realms of the gods.

In other contexts, the term saptaratna can also refer to the seven precious possessions of a cakravartin or to a set of seven precious moral qualities.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­74
  • 38.­42
g.­434

Sharpest Teeth

Wylie:
  • mche ba mchog tu rno
Tibetan:
  • མཆེ་བ་མཆོག་ཏུ་རྣོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­435

Sheep Face

Wylie:
  • lug gdong
Tibetan:
  • ལུག་གདོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­436

Shining Like Gold

Wylie:
  • gser ltar gsal ba
Tibetan:
  • གསེར་ལྟར་གསལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­3
g.­437

Shower of Jewels

Wylie:
  • rin chen char ’bebs
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་ཆར་འབེབས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 35.­3
g.­438

sixteen great inexpiable occupations

Wylie:
  • las mi zad pa chen po bcu drug
Tibetan:
  • ལས་མི་ཟད་པ་ཆེན་པོ་བཅུ་དྲུག
Sanskrit:
  • —

These are described in the Nirvāṇa Sūtra as (1) raising and fattening sheep for market, (2) butchering sheep for profit, (3) raising and fattening pigs for market, (4) butchering pigs for profit, (5) raising and fattening cattle for market, (6) butchering cattle for profit, (7) raising and fattening fowl for market, (8) butchering fowl for profit, (9) fishing, (10) hunting, being a (11) brigand, (12) executioner, (13) bird catcher, (14) liar, (15) or jailer, and (16) casting incantations on nāgas.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­64-65
  • 38.­3
  • g.­439
g.­439

sixteen great occupations

Wylie:
  • las chen po bcu drug
Tibetan:
  • ལས་ཆེན་པོ་བཅུ་དྲུག
Sanskrit:
  • —

See “sixteen great inexpiable occupations.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­26
g.­440

Skilled at Proclaiming the Abodes

Wylie:
  • gnas sgrogs mkhas
Tibetan:
  • གནས་སྒྲོགས་མཁས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­441

Skillful Manner

Wylie:
  • tshul la mkhas pa
Tibetan:
  • ཚུལ་ལ་མཁས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 11.­3
g.­442

Skull Cup with Ears

Wylie:
  • rna bcas thod pa can
Tibetan:
  • རྣ་བཅས་ཐོད་པ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­443

Sky Treasury

Wylie:
  • nam mkha’ mdzod
Tibetan:
  • ནམ་མཁའ་མཛོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­444

Son of Infinitely Vast Wealth

Wylie:
  • mtha’ yas nor rgyas kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • མཐའ་ཡས་ནོར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­445

Son of Nārada

Wylie:
  • mis byin gyi bu
Tibetan:
  • མིས་བྱིན་གྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­446

Source of Jewels

Wylie:
  • rin chen ’byung gnas
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of the city of Rājagṛha in a past eon.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­74-75
g.­447

Spreading Spotted Wings

Wylie:
  • gshog zegs bkram
Tibetan:
  • གཤོག་ཟེགས་བཀྲམ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­14
g.­448

śrāvaka

Wylie:
  • nyan thos
Tibetan:
  • ཉན་ཐོས།
Sanskrit:
  • śrāvaka

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The Sanskrit term śrāvaka, and the Tibetan nyan thos, both derived from the verb “to hear,” are usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.” Primarily this refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat seeking their own liberation and nirvāṇa. They are the practitioners of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma on the four noble truths, who realize the suffering inherent in saṃsāra and focus on understanding that there is no independent self. By conquering afflicted mental states (kleśa), they liberate themselves, attaining first the stage of stream enterers at the path of seeing, followed by the stage of once-returners who will be reborn only one more time, and then the stage of non-returners who will no longer be reborn into the desire realm. The final goal is to become an arhat. These four stages are also known as the “four results of spiritual practice.”

Located in 55 passages in the translation:

  • i.­1
  • i.­7
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­49-50
  • 1.­94-95
  • 1.­98
  • 1.­106-107
  • 1.­161
  • 1.­202
  • 4.­6
  • 31.­4
  • 37.­34-35
  • 37.­39-40
  • 37.­42
  • 37.­45
  • 37.­49
  • 37.­77
  • 37.­80
  • 37.­89
  • 37.­93
  • 37.­106
  • 37.­121
  • 38.­4
  • 38.­6
  • 38.­9
  • 38.­12-15
  • 38.­18-22
  • 38.­24
  • 38.­29
  • 38.­38
  • 38.­40
  • 38.­113
  • 38.­115
  • 38.­158
  • 38.­192
  • 38.­198
  • 38.­219
  • n.­26
  • n.­28
  • n.­31
  • g.­148
  • g.­254
  • g.­338
g.­449

Śrāvastī

Wylie:
  • mnyan yod
Tibetan:
  • མཉན་ཡོད།
Sanskrit:
  • śrāvastī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

During the life of the Buddha, Śrāvastī was the capital city of the powerful kingdom of Kośala, ruled by King Prasenajit, who became a follower and patron of the Buddha. It was also the hometown of Anāthapiṇḍada, the wealthy patron who first invited the Buddha there, and then offered him a park known as Jetavana, Prince Jeta’s Grove, which became one of the first Buddhist monasteries. The Buddha is said to have spent about twenty-five rainy seasons with his disciples in Śrāvastī, thus it is named as the setting of numerous events and teachings. It is located in present-day Uttar Pradesh in northern India.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­36
g.­450

Stainless Light

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa’i ’od
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • vimalaprabhā

The name of a goddess in this text.

Located in 11 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8-9
  • 37.­71
  • 38.­121
  • 38.­198-199
  • 38.­207-211
g.­451

Stainless Light Renown

Wylie:
  • dri med ’od grags
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མེད་འོད་གྲགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­452

Stainless Space-Like Eyes

Wylie:
  • mkha’ ltar mig dri ma med pa
Tibetan:
  • མཁའ་ལྟར་མིག་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­453

Starlight

Wylie:
  • skar ’od
Tibetan:
  • སྐར་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 36.­3
g.­454

Stopper

Wylie:
  • te ma bu ka
Tibetan:
  • ཏེ་མ་བུ་ཀ
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­455

Storehouse of the Domain of the Sacred Dharma

Wylie:
  • dam pa’i chos kyi dkyil ’khor gyi mdzod
Tibetan:
  • དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གྱི་མཛོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A minister of the Dharma king Great Diligent Nāga.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­75-77
  • 37.­79
  • 37.­83
g.­456

stream entry

Wylie:
  • rgyun du zhugs pa
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱུན་དུ་ཞུགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • srota-āpanna

One who has entered the stream that leads to liberation. The first of the four fruitions.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­48
  • 38.­152
  • 38.­186
  • g.­148
g.­457

Strength of Nāga Joy

Wylie:
  • klu dga’ stobs
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ་དགའ་སྟོབས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­458

Strong Moving

Wylie:
  • stobs kyi rgyu
Tibetan:
  • སྟོབས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­459

Strong Throat

Wylie:
  • mgul ngar
Tibetan:
  • མགུལ་ངར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­460

stronghold

Wylie:
  • mkhar
Tibetan:
  • མཁར།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­9
  • g.­297
g.­461

Strung-Frog Rings

Wylie:
  • sbal phreng sor rdub can
Tibetan:
  • སྦལ་ཕྲེང་སོར་རྡུབ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­462

stūpa

Wylie:
  • mchod rten
Tibetan:
  • མཆོད་རྟེན།
Sanskrit:
  • stūpa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The Tibetan translates both stūpa and caitya with the same word, mchod rten, meaning “basis” or “recipient” of “offerings” or “veneration.” Pali: cetiya.

A caitya, although often synonymous with stūpa, can also refer to any site, sanctuary or shrine that is made for veneration, and may or may not contain relics.

A stūpa, literally “heap” or “mound,” is a mounded or circular structure usually containing relics of the Buddha or the masters of the past. It is considered to be a sacred object representing the awakened mind of a buddha, but the symbolism of the stūpa is complex, and its design varies throughout the Buddhist world. Stūpas continue to be erected today as objects of veneration and merit making.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­213
g.­463

Subduer of Māra’s Armies

Wylie:
  • bdud kyi sde ’joms
Tibetan:
  • བདུད་ཀྱི་སྡེ་འཇོམས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­464

Sudatta

Wylie:
  • rab sbyin
Tibetan:
  • རབ་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • sudatta

A wealthy lay patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Also known as Anāthapiṇḍada.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­37
g.­465

Sun Colored

Wylie:
  • nyi ma’i mdog
Tibetan:
  • ཉི་མའི་མདོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­466

Sun Paralyzer

Wylie:
  • nyi ma rengs byed
Tibetan:
  • ཉི་མ་རེངས་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­467

Superior King of Sumeru

Wylie:
  • lhun po’i rgyal po mngon par ’phags
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངོན་པར་འཕགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­104
g.­468

superknowledge

Wylie:
  • mngon par shes pa
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • abhijñā

Extrasensory powers that come at higher levels of meditative cultivation. Usually said to number five (see “five superknowledges”).

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 37.­36
g.­469

Supreme Club

Wylie:
  • dbyug mchog
Tibetan:
  • དབྱུག་མཆོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­94
g.­470

Sweet Voice

Wylie:
  • mgrin dbyangs snyan pa
Tibetan:
  • མགྲིན་དབྱངས་སྙན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 20.­3
g.­471

Swift Intellect

Wylie:
  • blo gros myur ldan
Tibetan:
  • བློ་གྲོས་མྱུར་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­1
  • 37.­5
g.­472

Takṣaka

Wylie:
  • ’jog po
Tibetan:
  • འཇོག་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • takṣaka

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­473

ten perfections

Wylie:
  • pha rol tu phyin pa bcu
  • pha rol tu phyin pa bcu po
Tibetan:
  • ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་བཅུ།
  • ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་བཅུ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • daśapāramitā

The six perfections of generosity, discipline, patience, effort, meditative absorption, and wisdom; plus an additional four: skillful means, prayer, strength, and gnosis.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­141
  • 38.­175
  • 38.­213
  • g.­95
  • g.­356
  • g.­511
g.­474

Thief of Afflictions

Wylie:
  • nyon mongs pa rku ba
Tibetan:
  • ཉོན་མོངས་པ་རྐུ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­18
g.­475

three unpleasant rebirths

Wylie:
  • ngan song gsum
Tibetan:
  • ངན་སོང་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • tryapāya

The animal, preta, and hell realms.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­23
g.­476

Thunders throughout Space

Wylie:
  • nam mkha’ la bsgrags pa
Tibetan:
  • ནམ་མཁའ་ལ་བསྒྲགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­3
g.­477

Tiger-Like Haughtiness

Wylie:
  • stag ltar dregs pa
Tibetan:
  • སྟག་ལྟར་དྲེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A kumbhāṇḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­22
g.­478

Topknot-Bearing Brahmā

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa thor tshugs ’chang
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པ་ཐོར་ཚུགས་འཆང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Brahmā youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­43
g.­479

Treasury-Possessing Kaurava

Wylie:
  • mdzod ldan sgra mi snyan
Tibetan:
  • མཛོད་ལྡན་སྒྲ་མི་སྙན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­480

Tree Bark

Wylie:
  • shing shun can
Tibetan:
  • ཤིང་ཤུན་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­481

Trident Holder

Wylie:
  • mdung rtse gsum pa ’chang
Tibetan:
  • མདུང་རྩེ་གསུམ་པ་འཆང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­28
g.­482

Tumor

Wylie:
  • myu gu
Tibetan:
  • མྱུ་གུ
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­483

Tuṣita Heaven

Wylie:
  • dga’ ldan
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • tuṣita

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Tuṣita (or sometimes Saṃtuṣita), literally “Joyous” or “Contented,” is one of the six heavens of the desire realm (kāmadhātu). In standard classifications, such as the one in the Abhidharmakośa, it is ranked as the fourth of the six counting from below. This god realm is where all future buddhas are said to dwell before taking on their final rebirth prior to awakening. There, the Buddha Śākyamuni lived his preceding life as the bodhisattva Śvetaketu. When departing to take birth in this world, he appointed the bodhisattva Maitreya, who will be the next buddha of this eon, as his Dharma regent in Tuṣita. For an account of the Buddha’s previous life in Tuṣita, see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 2.12, and for an account of Maitreya’s birth in Tuṣita and a description of this realm, see The Sūtra on Maitreya’s Birth in the Heaven of Joy, (Toh 199).

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 38.­219
g.­484

twelve austerities

Wylie:
  • sbyangs pa’i yon tan bcu gnyis
Tibetan:
  • སྦྱངས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་བཅུ་གཉིས།
Sanskrit:
  • dvādaśadhūta­guṇa

Twelve ascetic practices that renunciants may choose to engage in, they are wearing clothing from a dust heap, owning only three robes, wearing felt or woolen clothes, begging for food, eating one’s meal in a single sitting, restricting the quantity of food, staying in solitude, sitting under trees, sitting in exposed places, sitting in charnel grounds, sitting even during sleep, and staying wherever one happens to be.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­146
  • 38.­180
g.­485

twelve links of conditioned existence

Wylie:
  • srid pa’i yan lag bcu gnyis
Tibetan:
  • སྲིད་པའི་ཡན་ལག་བཅུ་གཉིས།
Sanskrit:
  • dvādaśabhavāṅga

The twelve links of dependent arising: ignorance, formations, consciousness, name and form, six entrances, contact, feeling, craving, clinging, becoming, birth, old age, and death.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­197
  • g.­327
g.­486

Understands the Renunciation of Negativity

Wylie:
  • ngan spong shes ldan
Tibetan:
  • ངན་སྤོང་ཤེས་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­32
g.­487

Unflagging Force

Wylie:
  • shugs ma nyams pa
Tibetan:
  • ཤུགས་མ་ཉམས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­48
g.­488

unforgivable offenses

Wylie:
  • pham pa’i ’gal ba
Tibetan:
  • ཕམ་པའི་འགལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • pārājikā

Disciplinary transgressions that must result in the offender’s disrobing and expulsion from the community of renunciants.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­156
  • 38.­190
g.­489

unfree states of existence

Wylie:
  • mi khom pa
Tibetan:
  • མི་ཁོམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • akṣaṇa

See “eight unfree states.”

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­69
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­61-63
g.­490

Ungrasping

Wylie:
  • ma ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • མ་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­491

Unparalleled Vajra Servant

Wylie:
  • mtshungs pa med pa’i rdo rje’i bran
Tibetan:
  • མཚུངས་པ་མེད་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེའི་བྲན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­492

Uttarakuru

Wylie:
  • sgra mi snyan
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲ་མི་སྙན།
Sanskrit:
  • uttarakuru

The northern continent of the human realm according to Buddhist cosmology.

Located in 35 passages in the translation:

  • 38.­23
  • 38.­163-193
  • 38.­196-197
  • 38.­201
g.­493

Utter Joy

Wylie:
  • rab tu dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • རབ་ཏུ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 15.­3
g.­494

Utter Joy

Wylie:
  • rab tu dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • རབ་ཏུ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A world system in the southern direction.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­101
g.­495

Utterly Tamed

Wylie:
  • rab tu dul ba
Tibetan:
  • རབ་ཏུ་དུལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 19.­3
g.­496

Vaipulya

Wylie:
  • shin tu rgyas pa
Tibetan:
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་རྒྱས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • vaipulya

Meaning “extremely extensive,” this is one of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures and also a common term for the Great Vehicle discourses.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­172
  • 3.­1
g.­497

Vaiśravaṇa

Wylie:
  • rnam thos kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་ཐོས་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • vaiśravaṇa

A yakṣa, one of the Four Great Kings (See “Four World Guardians”).

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­12
  • g.­153
  • g.­515
g.­498

vajra

Wylie:
  • rdo rje
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་རྗེ།
Sanskrit:
  • vajra

A substance that is immutable and indestructible. The thunderbolt, weapon of the god Indra.

Located in 19 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­76-78
  • 1.­123
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­52
  • 3.­6
  • 17.­1-2
  • 17.­4-5
  • 24.­4
  • 37.­23
  • 37.­67
  • 37.­110
  • 37.­115
  • 38.­14
  • g.­499
g.­499

vajra body

Wylie:
  • rdo rje’i sku
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • vajrakāya

The aspect of the Buddha that is changeless and indestructible, like a vajra.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­72
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­47
g.­500

Vajra Garland

Wylie:
  • rdo rje phreng ldan
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕྲེང་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­501

Various Herbs Venerable

Wylie:
  • sna tshogs sngo btsun
Tibetan:
  • སྣ་ཚོགས་སྔོ་བཙུན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­26
g.­502

Vast Delight

Wylie:
  • rgya cher dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱ་ཆེར་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­3
g.­503

Vast with Knowledge

Wylie:
  • shes pas rgyas pa
Tibetan:
  • ཤེས་པས་རྒྱས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 28.­3
g.­504

Vāsuki

Wylie:
  • nor rgyas kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • ནོར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • vāsuki

A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­10
  • 24.­2
g.­505

Veyi

Wylie:
  • be yi
Tibetan:
  • བེ་ཡི།
Sanskrit:
  • veyi

A city in the future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 37.­88
g.­506

vidyādhara

Wylie:
  • rig sngags ’chang
Tibetan:
  • རིག་སྔགས་འཆང་།
Sanskrit:
  • vidyādhara

A type of semi-divine being whose identity has shifted over time and genre. In their most popular form they are spell (vidyā) wielding (dhara) beings capable of granting magical abilities to those they favor. The Buddhist tradition associated them more closely with soteriological aims, identifying them as realized beings who possess (dhara) knowledge or awareness (vidyā).

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­30-31
  • 1.­66
  • g.­269
  • g.­270
g.­507

Vulture Peak

Wylie:
  • bya rgod kyi phung po’i ri
Tibetan:
  • བྱ་རྒོད་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོའི་རི།
Sanskrit:
  • gṛdhrakūṭa-parvata

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The Gṛdhra­kūṭa, literally Vulture Peak, was a hill located in the kingdom of Magadha, in the vicinity of the ancient city of Rājagṛha (modern-day Rajgir, in the state of Bihar, India), where the Buddha bestowed many sūtras, especially the Great Vehicle teachings, such as the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras. It continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­43
  • 1.­46
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­58-60
  • 1.­169
  • 1.­180
  • 1.­183
g.­508

wanderer

Wylie:
  • kun tu rgyu ba
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་རྒྱུ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • parivrājaka

Pali paribbājaka. Refers to a class of Indian religious mendicants holding a variety of beliefs who wandered in India from ancient times, including during the time of the Buddha. These peripatetic ascetics, who included women in their number, engaged with one another in debate on a range of topics. Some of their metaphysical views are presented in the early Buddhist discourses of the Pali Canon.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­89
  • 38.­43
  • 38.­45
  • 38.­74
  • g.­59
g.­509

Weasel Jaws

Wylie:
  • sre mo ’gram
Tibetan:
  • སྲེ་མོ་འགྲམ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­24
g.­510

Wife of Clouds

Wylie:
  • sprin gyi chung ma
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་གྱི་ཆུང་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 14.­3
g.­511

wisdom

Wylie:
  • shes rab
Tibetan:
  • ཤེས་རབ།
Sanskrit:
  • prajñā

The wisdom that comes from understanding emptiness and realizing ultimate reality. Sixth of the six or ten perfections.

Located in 13 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­95
  • 1.­99
  • 1.­106
  • 24.­4
  • 37.­24
  • 38.­2-3
  • 38.­45
  • 38.­52
  • 38.­155
  • 38.­189
  • g.­473
g.­512

Wise Conduct

Wylie:
  • shes ldan ngang tshul can
Tibetan:
  • ཤེས་ལྡན་ངང་ཚུལ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­513

world guardian

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten skyong
  • ’jig rten skyong ba
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་སྐྱོང་།
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་སྐྱོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • lokapāla

A class of guardian deities. Sometimes used to refer to the Four Great Kings (see “Four World Guardians”).

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­66
  • 1.­171
  • 37.­30
  • 38.­118
g.­514

worthy one

Wylie:
  • dgra bcom pa
Tibetan:
  • དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • arhat

Fourth of the four fruits. An individual who has achieved liberation with the cessation of all mental afflictions.

Located in 44 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­99-102
  • 1.­144-160
  • 37.­34
  • 37.­38
  • 37.­98-107
  • 37.­109-111
  • 37.­113
  • 38.­22-23
  • 38.­48
  • 38.­82
  • 38.­205
  • g.­148
g.­515

yakṣa

Wylie:
  • gnod sbyin
Tibetan:
  • གནོད་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • yakṣa

A class of semidivine beings who inhabit forests, mountainous areas, and other natural spaces, or serve as guardians of villages and towns, and may be propitiated for health, wealth, protection, and other boons. They are often depicted as holding choppers, cleavers, and swords, and are said to dwell in the north, under the jurisdiction of the Great King Vaiśravaṇa.

Located in 29 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­12-13
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­82
  • 1.­171
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­57
  • 37.­108
  • 37.­111
  • 38.­118-119
  • 38.­223
  • g.­54
  • g.­60
  • g.­61
  • g.­75
  • g.­101
  • g.­111
  • g.­136
  • g.­153
  • g.­171
  • g.­249
  • g.­267
  • g.­283
  • g.­385
  • g.­466
  • g.­490
  • g.­497
  • g.­512
g.­516

Yellow Honey-Color

Wylie:
  • ser po sbrang rtsi’i mdog
Tibetan:
  • སེར་པོ་སྦྲང་རྩིའི་མདོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­517

yojana

Wylie:
  • dpag tshad
Tibetan:
  • དཔག་ཚད།
Sanskrit:
  • yojana

The longest unit of distance in classical India. The lack of a uniform standard for the smaller units means that there is no precise equivalent, especially as its theoretical length tended to increase over time. Therefore, it can mean between four and ten miles.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 37.­74
  • 38.­206
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    84000. The Great Cloud (1) (Mahāmegha, sprin chen po, Toh 232). Translated by Mahamegha Translation Team, online publication, 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2025, 84000.co/translation/toh232/UT22084-064-002-glossary.Copy
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