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སྙིང་རྗེ་པད་མ་དཀར་པོ།

The White Lotus of Compassion
The Dhāraṇī Entranceway

Karuṇā­puṇḍarīka
སྙིང་རྗེ་པད་མ་དཀར་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
snying rje pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra “The White Lotus of Compassion”
Karuṇā­puṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra

Toh 112

Degé Kangyur, vol. 50 (mdo sde, cha), folios 129.a–297.a

ᴛʀᴀɴsʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛɪʙᴇᴛᴀɴ ʙʏ
  • Jinamitra
  • Surendrabodhi
  • Prajñāvarman
  • Bendé Yeshé Dé

Imprint

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Translated by Peter Alan Roberts and team
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2023

Current version v 1.2.20 (2024)

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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
+ 4 sections- 4 sections
· Bodhisattvas’ Aspirations Determine Their Activity as Buddhas
· Evolution, History, and Context
· Sources and Comparison
· Chapter Summaries
+ 6 sections- 6 sections
· Chapter 1: Turning the Wheel of the Dharma
· Chapter 2: The Dhāraṇī Entranceway
· Chapter 3: Generosity
· Chapter 4: The Prophecies to the Bodhisattvas
· Chapter 5: The Practice of Generosity
· Chapter 6: Conclusion
tr. The Translation
+ 6 chapters- 6 chapters
1. Turning the Wheel of the Dharma
2. The Dhāraṇī Entranceway
3. Generosity
4. The Prophecies to the Bodhisattvas
5. The Practice of Generosity
6. Conclusion
c. Colophon
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
+ 4 sections- 4 sections
· Selected Versions of The White Lotus of Compassion
· Kangyur and Tengyur Texts
· Secondary Literature
· Other Resources
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

The Buddha Śākyamuni recounts one of his most significant previous lives, when he was a court priest to a king and made a detailed prayer to become a buddha, also causing the king and his princes, his own sons and disciples, and others to make their own prayers to become buddhas too. This is revealed to be not only the major event that is the origin of buddhas and bodhisattvas such as Amitābha, Akṣobhya, Avalokiteśvara, Mañjuśrī, and the thousand buddhas of our eon, but also the source and reason for Śākyamuni’s unsurpassed activity as a buddha.

s.­2

The “white lotus of compassion” in the title of this sūtra refers to Śākyamuni himself, emphasizing his superiority over all other buddhas, like a fragrant, healing white lotus among a bed of ordinary flowers. Śākyamuni chose to be reborn in an impure realm during a degenerate age, and therefore his compassion was greater than that of other buddhas.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

The sūtra was translated from the Tibetan with reference to the Sanskrit by Peter Alan Roberts. Tulku Yeshi Gyatso of the Sakya Monastery, Seattle, was the consulting lama who reviewed the translation. Guilaine Mala was the consultant for the Chinese versions. Emily Bower was the project manager, editor, and proofreader.

ac.­2

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­3

The translation of this text has been made possible through the generous sponsorship of an anonymous donor.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The White Lotus of Compassion describes the origin of many buddhas and bodhisattvas, focusing in particular on the Buddha Śākyamuni. The “white lotus of compassion” in the title refers to Śākyamuni himself, emphasizing his superiority over all other buddhas, like a fragrant, healing white lotus among a bed of ordinary flowers.

i.­2

Most of the sūtra’s narrative, recounted by the Buddha on Vulture Peak Mountain, takes place in the distant past and concerns the cakravartin king Araṇemin, his thousand sons, his chief court priest Samudrareṇu, and Samudrareṇu’s followers and eighty-one sons, one of whom has sought enlightenment and become the Buddha Ratnagarbha. Samudrareṇu encourages people throughout the kingdom to aspire to attain enlightenment too, and eventually brings about the conditions for the king and many members of his court to make their own aspirations in the presence of the Buddha Ratnagarbha. On these occasions the Buddha Ratnagarbha prophesies the buddhahood of the individuals concerned. He prohesies that King Araṇemin will become the Buddha Amitābha; that 999 of Samudrareṇu’s disciples, together with five of his attendants, will become the 1,004 buddhas of our Fortunate Eon;1 and that Samudrareṇu himself will become the Buddha Śākyamuni. Origin stories for the Buddha Akṣobhya, for the Buddha Amitābha’s accompanying bodhisattvas Avalokiteśvara and Mahāsthāmaprāpta, and for the bodhisattvas Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra are also told.

Bodhisattvas’ Aspirations Determine Their Activity as Buddhas

Evolution, History, and Context

Sources and Comparison

Chapter Summaries

Chapter 1: Turning the Wheel of the Dharma

Chapter 2: The Dhāraṇī Entranceway

Chapter 3: Generosity

Chapter 4: The Prophecies to the Bodhisattvas

Chapter 5: The Practice of Generosity

Chapter 6: Conclusion


Text Body

The Translation
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra
The White Lotus of Compassion

1.
Chapter 1

Turning the Wheel of the Dharma

[B1] [F.129.a]


1.­1

Homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas.


1.­2

Thus did I hear at one time:14 the Bhagavat was residing at Rājagṛha, on Vulture Peak Mountain, accompanied by a great saṅgha of 62,000 bhikṣus who, with the exception of one individual‍—which is to say, Venerable Ānanda‍—were all arhats whose outflows had ceased, who were without kleśas, who were self-controlled, who had liberated minds, who had completely liberated wisdom, who were noble beings,15 who were great elephants, who had done what had to be done, who had accomplished what had to be accomplished, who had put down their burden, who had reached their goals, who had ended the fetters to existence, who had liberated their minds through true knowledge, and who had attained all the perfect, highest, most complete powers of the mind.16


2.
Chapter 2

The Dhāraṇī Entranceway

2.­1

Then the bodhisattva Ratnavairocana asked the Bhagavat, “Bhadanta Bhagavat, how does one distinguish day and night in the Padmā realm? What kinds of sounds are heard there? What kind of mental states do the bodhisattvas there have? What kind of dwelling do they dwell in?”

2.­2

“Noble son,” answered the Bhagavat, “the Padmā realm is continuously illuminated by the Buddha’s light. The time there that is known as night is when the flowers close, the songs of the birds diminish, and the Bhagavat and the bodhisattvas enjoy meditation and experience liberation’s joy and bliss. The time that is known as day is when the flowers are opened by a breeze, the birds sing beautifully, a rain of flowers falls, and supremely fragrant, pleasant, gentle breezes, the touch of which is delightful, blow in the four directions. The Bhagavat arises from his samādhi, the bodhisattvas [F.133.b] arise from their samādhis,33 and the Bhagavat Padmottara teaches the bodhisattva mahāsattvas the bodhisattva piṭaka, which transcends completely what is spoken of to śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas.

2.­3

“Noble son, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas are never separated from the word Buddha, the word Dharma, or the word Saṅgha. They are never separated from the word fearlessness, the word nonformation, the word nonbecoming, the words no cessation, the word pacified, the words very pacified, the words truly pacified, the words great kindness, the words great compassion, the words unoriginated phenomena, the words attaining the level of consecration, or the words buddhas and bodhisattvas. The bodhisattvas continually hear words such as these.

2.­4

“Noble son, moreover, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas who have been born and will be born in the Padmā world are all endowed with the thirty-two signs of a great being, have hundred-yojana-wide34 auras, and until enlightenment will have no downfalls.

2.­5

“All those bodhisattvas have loving minds, affectionate minds,35 unpolluted minds, tamed minds, patient minds, settled minds, clear minds, imperturbable minds, pure minds, virtuous minds, Dharma-loving minds, minds that pacify the kleśas in all beings, minds as vast as the earth, minds that do not enjoy worldly conversation, minds that enjoy transcendent conversation, [F.134.a] minds that strive for all virtuous qualities, minds that are sincerely, continuously dedicated, minds that have complete peace with regard to illness, aging, and death, minds that have incinerated all kleśas, minds that have pacified all involvements, and minds that are not proud of all their qualities.

2.­6

“They possess the power of intention, the power of engagement, the power of motive,36 the power of prayer, the power of rising above the worthless, the power of comprehension, the power of good roots, the power of samādhi, the power of learning, the power of giving, the power of correct conduct, the power of patience, the power of diligence, the power of meditation, the power of wisdom, the power of śamatha, the power of vipaśyanā, the power of clairvoyance, the power of mindfulness, the power of enlightenment, the power of courage,37 the power of destroying all māras, the power of overcoming all the might of the māras, the power of defeating all promulgators of false doctrines through the Dharma, and the power of overcoming all kleśas.

2.­7

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas38 who have been born and will be born in the Padmā world have served many hundreds of thousands of buddhas and thus have planted good roots.

2.­8

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas39 who have been born and will be born in the buddha realm of the Padmā world consume meditation as food, Dharma as food, and inhaled aromas40 as food, just like the deities in the Brahmā paradise. Food eaten through the mouth is unknown there. [F.134.b]

2.­9

“Even the word nonvirtue does not exist there at all. Even the word female does not exist there at all; there isn’t even that term. Even the word suffering does not exist there at all. Even the words virtue and nonvirtue41 do not exist there at all.

2.­10

“And in the same way42 the words kleśa, attachment, darkness, bad smell,43 mental fatigue, and physical fatigue, and the words hells, animal birth, and Yama’s world do not exist there. The words unfortunate rebirths do not exist there.

2.­11

“There are no thorns, dark places, stones, or pebbles; there is no fire, no moon, no sun, no stars, and no great oceans; and there are no Sumeru or Cakravāḍa mountains, no in-between worlds, no Kāla mountains, no Mīḍhapāṣāṇa, and no Pāṃśu mountains. There aren’t the words clouds or rain, or the word storm; the words unfortunate existences don’t exist at all.

2.­12

“Moreover, the Padmā realm is always illuminated by the vast radiance of the light from the Buddha, the light from the bodhisattvas, the light from merit, and the light from jewels.

2.­13

“There are the birds that are called saphala, each of which, with their own pleasing and gentle song,44 sings of the powers, the strengths, and the aspects of enlightenment.”


2.­14

Then the bodhisattva Ratnavairocana asked the Bhagavat, “Bhagavat, how vast is the Padmā realm? How long after his swift attainment of the enlightenment of buddhahood will Padmottara reside, live, and remain there, teaching the Dharma? [F.135.a] When he has passed into parinirvāṇa, how long will his Dharma remain? How long will those bodhisattvas who have been born and will be born in the buddha realm of the Padmā world remain there? Are those bodhisattvas deprived of seeing the Buddha, hearing the Dharma, and serving the Saṅgha, or not? What was the name of the Padmā realm previously? How long after the setting of the sun of the previous jina did the Tathāgata Padmottara attain the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood? Why is it that some see the manifestations of buddhas, the miracles of buddhas, and the bhagavat buddhas performing miracles in other buddha realms in the ten directions, while others do not?”

2.­15

“Noble son,” answered the Bhagavat, “it is like this: Sumeru, the king of mountains, is 168,00045 yojanas high and 84,000 yojanas wide. If a diligent, powerful man came to Sumeru, the king of mountains, and with the power of his samādhi broke it into pieces the size of mustard seeds, then those pieces would be uncountable. No one but a being with omniscient wisdom could count those pieces of Sumeru that are the size of mustard seeds. That number of those pieces is the number of how many four-continent worlds there are.

2.­16

“It is like this: just as the world of Sukhāvatī is completely filled with bodhisattvas, in the same way the buddha realm Padmā is completely filled with bodhisattvas.

2.­17

“Noble son, the tathāgata [F.135.b] arhat samyaksam­buddha Padmottara will have a lifespan of thirty intermediate eons, during which he will reside, live, and remain there, teaching the Dharma.

2.­18

“Noble son, after the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Padmottara has passed into parinirvāṇa, the sacred Dharma will remain for ten intermediate eons. The lifespan of the bodhisattva mahāsattvas who have been born and will be born in the Padmā realm is forty intermediate eons.

2.­19

“Noble son, previously the Padmā realm was called Candanā. It was not completely pure, nor filled with pure beings, as the present Padmā world is.

2.­20

“Noble son, in the Candanā world there dwelt the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha, the one with wisdom and virtuous conduct,46 the sugata, the knower of the world, the unsurpassable guide who tames beings, the teacher of gods and humans, the bhagavat buddha named Candrottama. He taught the Dharma for thirty intermediate eons. When the time came for him to pass into parinirvāṇa, some bodhisattvas, through the power of their prayers, departed to other buddha realms. The bodhisattvas who remained thought,47 ‘The tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama will pass into parinirvāṇa in the middle watch of this night. After the Bhagavat has passed into parinirvāṇa, his sacred Dharma will remain for ten intermediate eons. After it has come to an end, who will attain the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood?’

2.­21

“At that time, the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra, because of his prayers in the past, received this prophecy from the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama: [F.136.a] ‘Noble son, when I have passed into parinirvāṇa, the Dharma will remain for ten intermediate eons, and then my Dharma will come to an end in the middle48 period of the night. In the last period of that night, you will attain the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood. You will become the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha, the one with wisdom and virtuous conduct, and so on, the bhagavat buddha named Padmottara.’

2.­22

“At that time, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas came to the bhagavat tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama. When they had come before the bhagavat tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama, through the power of samādhi, with manifold bodhisattva miracles, all those bodhisattvas made offerings to the Tathāgata Candrottama, circumambulated him three times, and then said to the Bhagavat, ‘Bhadanta Bhagavat, we will remain,49 with our minds in a state of cessation, for those ten intermediate eons.’

2.­23

“Then, noble son, the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama said to the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra, ‘You must acquire, noble son, the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. All the past50 tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddhas have taught it to the bodhisattvas they have consecrated to be their regents. Also, the present bhagavat buddhas who reside, live, and remain in the worlds in the ten directions [F.136.b] teach it to the bodhisattvas whom they consecrate to be their regents. Also, those who will be buddhas in the future will teach it to the bodhisattvas whom they consecrate to be their regents. Therefore, you too should acquire the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience.51 It is thus:52

2.­24

jalijalini mahājalini phutke butke sammade mahāsammade devāṃ aṭi caṭi ṭake ṭharaṭhakke amimakasi hilicilitili ruruke mahāruruke jaye durjaye jayamati śānte śāntanirghoṣaṇi amūle ale amūlaparichinne mārasainya vitrāsane mukte mukta­pari­śuddhe abhīte bhayamocane bhāradroharaṇā dānta vidyāvidyā varuttame nigrahaṃ paravādināṃ dharma­vādināmanu­grahaṃ ārakṣā dharma­vādināṃ caturṇāṃ smṛtyupa­sthānānām adhimukti­pada­prakāśanapadam­idaṃ |

2.­25

buddha­kāśaye amama nimama avevi arthe arthani stīraṇe lokādhimukte sandadha paribhāvane caturṇāmāryavaṃśānāṃ adhimukti­pada­prakāśanapadā |

2.­26

bhāṣīthe bhāṣaṇe dhāre dhārayati gupte śubhe śubhaprade tatphale agraphale ’niṣphale nilaha samukta amukta nirmukte atravita vimuktavati vilaphala ayukta iviti diviti ratitula tulamaṃ ahiṃsāma ititāva atvānatvāna sarvaloka anaka livindha abhūsare hatamatte veśāgravate aphala kaphala trayāṇām ārakṣitānāṃ adhimuktipadamidaṃ |

2.­27

jaḍataḥ ani­haravavatavyo idaṃ phalaṃ niyoma­phalaṃ samudānāya vibhuṣa paśya sāmantra anumanto akumanto chedāvane mantrastā daśabala vigrahasthā isusthita sunikhama tīkṣṇamati āloko atitṛṣṇā adimati [F.137.a] pratyutpanna­buddha­pūrva­prahāre caturṇāṃ samyakprahāṇānāṃ adhi­mukti­pada­prakāśanapadam­idaṃ |

2.­28

anye manye mane mamane vire virate śame śamitā viśānte mukte nirakṣame same samasame kṣaye akṣaye ajiti śānte samiṣṭhe dhāraṇī ālokāvabhāse ratna­vrate raśmyavate jñāna­vate meruvate kṣayanidarśane loka­pradīpani­darśane caturṇāṃ prati­saṃvidāmadhi­mukti­pada­prakāśanapadam­idaṃ |

2.­29

cakṣa ābhāsanidarśane jñānā­lokanidarśanaṃ ca prabhāsane sarvendriya bhūmātikrante sarvasarve vamāṃ sarve prāthavā kṣayaṃ kare gokāha vadane lokānudarśana vibhū caturṇāṃ ṛddhipādānām adhi­mukti­pada­prakāśanapadam­idam |

2.­30

acale buddhe dṛdhapracale sattve gṛhna siddhi kaṃpati nisiddha smahiddhe parekasire some caṇḍe datve acale acale apare vicivale nipare pracacale prasare anayan prabhyāse kaṃkame prabhāvini same nijase grakrame nayute indriyāṇāṃ balānām adhi­mukti­pada­prakāśanapadam­idaṃ |

2.­31

puṣpe supuṣpe druma­pari­hāre abhayarucire cekaratke akṣayamastu ninile mamale pañcaśiśire lokasya vijñāne naya­saṃgṛhīte ca yukte succendena saptānāṃ bodhyaṅgānāṃ adhi­mukti­pada­prakāśanapadam­idaṃ |

2.­32

cakravajre maitra samāpade krānte kete karuṇa rudīkṣayi prītirūpe kṣamasaṃpanne arake varate kharo khare amūle mūle sādhane caturṇāṃ vaiśāradyānām adhi­mukti­pada­prakāśanapadam­idaṃ |

2.­33

vartte cakre cakradhare varacakre vare prare hile hile dhare ārūpāvate huhure yathā jibhaṃga niṃbare yathāgne yathāparaṃ cariniśe yathā bhayaririśi satyanirhāra jaracavila vīryanirhāra cure mārganirhāra samādhinirhāra prajñānirhāra vimuktinirhāra [F.137.b] vimuktijñānadarśananirhāra nakṣatranirhāra candra­nirhāra sūrya­nirhāra padāśca­turuttara­tathāgatena adbhutaṃ niradbhutaṃ saṃbuddhaṃ abuddha ihabuddhaṃ tatra­buddhaṃ nihaṃgamapare alaha dalaha paṇḍare paṇḍare tatrāntalu māṃgagharaṇi pūṭani saṃpūṭani gata­praṃgamanuniruva nāśani nāśabandhani cicchini cicchidra mayova hidiṃgamā vare mare hanane bharaṃ bhare bhinde bhire bhire ruṣare śaraṇe darane pravartte varaṇāḍaye vidranvumā varakhumā brahma­cāriṇa indravani dhidhirāyani maheśvaralalani mamasume alamini ekākṣaraci vaṃcani carasti ābhicaṇḍāla sūre sarvasurā āvarasurā punakanitāṃ paṇḍitāṃ āyinakaṇḍi jabhāme gandhare atra runimakare bhirohiṇī siddhamatte vilokamate buddhādhiṣṭhite dhāraṇīmukhe daśānāṃ balānām adhi­mukti­prakāśanapadam­idaṃ |

2.­34

As soon as the Bhagavat recited the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience, that great billion-world universe shook intensely in six ways: it shook, shook strongly, and shook intensely; it shuddered, shuddered intensely, and shuddered fiercely; it quivered, quivered intensely, and quivered fiercely; it trembled, trembled intensely, and trembled fiercely; it quaked, quaked intensely, and quaked fiercely; it bent upward, bent downward, and bent deeply downward. And a light appeared so that the worlds in the ten directions, which are as numerous as the grains of sand in countless Ganges Rivers, were filled with vast light. At that time, the Sumeru, Cakravāḍa, and Mahācakravāḍa mountains were not to be seen. The countless worlds in the ten directions appeared to be as flat as the palm of one’s hand. [F.138.a]

2.­35

Also, through the power of the Tathāgata, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas who resided in countless worlds in the ten directions, who had attained samādhi, dhāraṇī, and acceptance, vanished from their own realms53 and arrived in the presence of the Bhagavat on Vulture Peak Mountain. They bowed their heads to the Bhagavat’s feet and, through various manifold bodhisattva miracles, made offerings to the Bhagavat. They then seated themselves there in order to hear this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience.

2.­36

Also, countless devas, nāgas, yakṣas, asuras, kumbhāṇḍas, and piśācas came to Vulture Peak Mountain to the presence of the Bhagavat, bowed their heads to the Bhagavat’s feet, and sat to one side in order to hear this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. All the bodhisattva mahāsattvas who were gathered there saw the Padmā buddha realm and the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Padmottara encircled by an assembly54 of bodhisattvas. As soon as the Bhagavat had recited this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience, bodhisattva mahāsattvas as numerous as the grains of sand in seventy-two Ganges Rivers obtained this dhāraṇī.

2.­37

The bodhisattvas who had obtained the dhāraṇī saw the bhagavat buddhas who dwelt in countless worlds in the ten directions and saw the array of the qualities of those buddha realms. [F.138.b] They were amazed, and, through the power of samādhi and bodhisattva miracles, made offerings to the Buddha and then were seated.

2.­38

The Bhagavat said to them, “Noble sons, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas who meditate upon the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience will attain 84,00055 dhāraṇī entranceways; they will attain 72,000 further dhāraṇī entranceways; and they will attain 60,000 samādhi entranceways.

2.­39

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who have attained this dhāraṇī entranceway will attain great kindness and great compassion. Bodhisattva mahāsattvas contemplate the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment and attain omniscience solely in order to obtain this samādhi.56 It contains the entirety of all the Buddha’s teachings. All the bhagavat buddhas, through having understood this dhāraṇī in its essence, teach the Dharma to beings and do not pass into parinirvāṇa too soon.

2.­40

“Noble sons, see how the power of this dhāraṇī, the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience, caused the great earth to shake and a great light to shine, a light that spread a vast radiance throughout endless, infinite buddha realms, and how that light caused endless, infinite bodhisattvas to come from endless, infinite buddha realms in order to hear the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. [B2]

2.­41

“The endless, infinite devas of the desire realm and form realm, and the nāgas, yakṣas, asuras, humans, and nonhumans within this Sahā universe who listen to the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience, as soon as they have obtained the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience, [F.139.a] will be irreversible in their progress to complete enlightenment.

2.­42

“Those who write it out will always see the Buddha, listen to the Dharma, and serve the Saṅgha until complete parinirvāṇa. The bodhisattvas who chant the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience will eliminate without remainder their primary karma,57 and in the next life they will ascend to the first bhūmi.

2.­43

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who meditate on the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience will completely eliminate even the five actions with immediate results at death if they have committed and accumulated them, and in the next life they will ascend to the first bhūmi. If they have not committed the actions with immediate results at death, then in that lifetime they will completely eliminate all other karma and in the next life will ascend to the first bhūmi.

2.­44

“Even if someone does not meditate on this dhāraṇī or chant this dhāraṇī, but only listens to it and binds a turban58 onto the Dharma reciter, then the bhagavat buddhas residing, living, and remaining in other realms, who are as numerous as the grains of sand in the Ganges River, will declare ‘excellent!’ and those bhagavat buddhas will prophesy his attainment of the highest, most complete enlightenment. Not long after, that bodhisattva will be consecrated as their regent,59 and he will be only one lifetime away from attaining the highest, most complete enlightenment. In the same way, those who make an offering of incense to the Dharma reciter60 will before long obtain the incense of the highest, most complete enlightenment. If they offer a flower to the Dharma reciter, [F.139.b] they will obtain the unsurpassable flowers of wisdom. If they offer cooked rice, food,61 and drink to the Dharma reciter, they will attain the unsurpassable nourishment of the tathāgatas. If the bodhisattvas clothe the Dharma reciter, they will attain the unsurpassable complexion of a tathāgata. If they adorn the Dharma reciter with jewels, they will obtain before long the jewels of the Dharma of the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment.

2.­45

“Noble sons, the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience has this kind of great benefit for bodhisattva mahāsattvas. Why is that? It is because the entire bodhisattva piṭaka is taught in it. Bodhisattva mahāsattvas gain unimpeded eloquence through this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience and attain the four attractive qualities.

2.­46

“Noble sons, when the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama taught62 the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience to the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra, the earth shook, and a great light shone in the world. That great light illuminated countless buddha realms in the ten directions, and all uneven land appeared to be as flat as the palm of the hand. All the bodhisattva mahāsattvas gathered there saw the bhagavat buddhas who were in countless buddha realms in the ten directions.

2.­47

“Countless bodhisattva mahāsattvas came from countless buddha realms in the ten directions to the Candanā realm to honor and pay homage to the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama [F.140.a] and to hear this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience.

2.­48

“Noble sons, the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama addressed63 the bodhisattvas, saying, ‘Noble sons, I perceive that the bodhisattvas who have one lifetime remaining will spend these ten intermediate eons with their minds at rest in cessation. During these ten intermediate eons, the other bodhisattva mahāsattvas will listen to this bodhisattva piṭaka, the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience, from the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra. They will listen to the Dharma for ten intermediate eons, trusting the countless bhagavat buddhas who reside, live, and remain in countless buddha realms in the ten directions. That complete trust will generate good roots, and they will make offerings to the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama through various kinds of bodhisattva miracles.’

2.­49

“The bodhisattvas asked the Bhagavat, ‘Bhadanta Bhagavat,64 after these ten intermediate eons have passed, will the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra turn the unsurpassable Dharma wheel that possesses the Dharma?’

2.­50

“Candrottama65 said to them, ‘Noble sons, it will be so, it will be so. When these ten intermediate eons have passed, the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra will attain the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood. [F.140.b] Following the night that he attains the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood, he will turn the unsurpassable Dharma wheel that possesses the Dharma. For ten intermediate eons he will teach the bodhisattvas the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas will listen to that Dharma and will generate good roots through hearing it. After the bodhisattva Gaganamudra has attained the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood, he will turn the irreversible supreme wheel, the Dharma wheel that possesses the Dharma, and he will establish many hundreds of millions of trillions of bodhisattvas in irreversibility. For ten intermediate eons those bodhisattvas will listen to him teaching this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. When they have heard that Dharma, they will have only one remaining lifetime. The bodhisattvas who have listened for an eon will at that time enter66 the tenth67 bhūmi and have irreversible progress toward the highest, most complete enlightenment. At that time, they will have the ultimate attainment of this dhāraṇī.’

2.­51

“After the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama had spoken those words to the bodhisattva mahāsattvas, he manifested the various miracles that are the domain of the buddhas. He showed the nārāyaṇa samādhi to the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra and then transformed his body into diamond and showed him the array of light samādhi. [F.141.a]

2.­52

“Then for ten intermediate eons, he turned the wheel of the Dharma for the bodhisattvas, teaching them the Dharma of this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. He revealed and made clear the adorning signs and indications of the buddhas in all the buddha realms. He taught the samādhi called circle of vajras. He taught the Dharma to the bodhisattvas by perfectly turning the wheel of the Dharma on the seat of enlightenment. He taught them the garland of wheels samādhi. He turned the wheel of the Dharma for many hundreds of thousands of tens of millions of thousands of millions of beings and through the wheel of the Dharma established them in irreversibility.

2.­53

“Knowing this, the bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra and an innumerable saṅgha of bodhisattvas made offerings to the Bhagavat. Then they each entered their own kūṭāgāra and remained there through the night when the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Candrottama passed into parinirvāṇa, into the state of nirvāṇa without any remaining aggregates. When that night was over, the bodhisattvas made offerings to the Bhagavat’s body, and then each entered their own kūṭāgāra. The other bodhisattvas all returned to their own buddha realms. The bodhisattvas who had but one life remaining stayed in the samādhi of cessation for ten intermediate eons.

2.­54

“The bodhisattva mahāsattva Gaganamudra taught the Dharma for the bodhisattva mahāsattvas, and those bodhisattva mahāsattvas generated good roots during those ten intermediate eons.68 In the night, he attained the highest, most complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood [F.141.b] and the next day he turned the wheel of the Dharma and manifested great miracles. He established many hundreds of thousands of millions of trillions of beings in the highest, most complete enlightenment.69 Also when he taught the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience, eight hundred thousand trillion bodhisattvas attained the forbearance that comes from realizing the birthlessness of phenomena; 920,000,000 beings were established in irreversible progress toward the highest, most complete enlightenment; 72,000,000,000 bodhisattvas obtained this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience; and countless devas and humans developed the motivation to attain complete enlightenment.”


2.­55

Then the bodhisattva mahāsattva Ratnavairocana70 asked the Bhagavat, “Bhadanta Bhagavat, which qualities must bodhisattva mahāsattvas possess in order to obtain this dhāraṇī?”

2.­56

“Noble son,” replied the Bhagavat, “bodhisattva mahāsattvas will obtain this dhāraṇī if they possess four qualities. What are these four? The bodhisattva mahāsattvas remain within four noble traditions. What are these four? The bodhisattva mahāsattvas remain in this first noble tradition: the bodhisattva mahāsattvas should be pleased and satisfied with any kind of robes. They praise being content with any kind of robes; they do not act inappropriately for the sake of robes; they are not saddened if they have not acquired clothing; and if they obtain clothing, they wear it without desire, without clinging, without longing, without becoming fettered, without becoming infatuated, and without covetousness. [F.142.a] They acquire it without covetousness. They wear it while seeing the defects of saṃsāra and with the knowledge of going forth into homelessness.

2.­57

“As it is in the noble tradition for robes, so it is for alms, and it is the same noble tradition for beds and seats. The fourth noble tradition is that the bodhisattva mahāsattvas are pleased and satisfied with any kind of necessities and any medicine; they praise being satisfied with any kind of necessities and any medicine; they do not act inappropriately for the sake of necessities or for the sake of medicines; they are not saddened if they have not acquired necessities and have not acquired medicines; and if they obtain necessities and obtain medicines they utilize them without desire, without clinging, without longing, without becoming fettered, without becoming infatuated, and without covetousness. They acquire them without covetousness. They utilize them while seeing the defects of saṃsāra and with the knowledge of going forth into homelessness. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas remain in these four noble traditions. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who possess those four qualities will obtain this dhāraṇī and meditate on it.

2.­58

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas will also obtain this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience if they possess five other qualities. What are these five? The bodhisattva mahāsattvas remain in possession of correct conduct; they are restrained by the prātimokṣa vows; they have perfect rules of conduct and range of conduct; they see the danger in the tiniest particle of blameworthy actions; they adopt and train in the precepts; and when they see others who are devoid of correct conduct, they cause them to possess a perfectly correct conduct, training them, guiding them, and establishing them in that. [F.142.b] The bodhisattva mahāsattvas are endowed with that first quality.

2.­59

“Also, when the bodhisattva mahāsattvas make beings who are attached to a wrong view abandon that wrong view, they cause them to possess a correct view, training them, guiding them, and establishing them in that. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas are endowed with that second quality.

2.­60

“Also, when the bodhisattva mahāsattvas make beings who are attached to wrong conduct abandon their wrong conduct, they cause them to possess perfect conduct, training them, guiding them, and establishing them in that. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas are endowed with that third quality.

2.­61

“Also, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas cause beings who have a defective aspiration to possess a perfect aspiration, training them, guiding them, and establishing them in that. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas are endowed with that fourth quality.

2.­62

“Also, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas make those who are following the Śrāvakayāna and the Pratyekabuddhayāna realize the highest, most complete enlightenment, training them, guiding them, and establishing them in that. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas are endowed with that fifth quality.

2.­63

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who possess those five qualities will obtain this dhāraṇī.

2.­64

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas will also obtain this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience if they possess six other qualities. What are these six?

2.­65

(1) “The bodhisattva mahāsattvas themselves are learned, possess learning, and accumulate learning, and thereby their articulate teaching of the Dharma, of celibacy, is virtuous in the beginning, virtuous in the middle, and virtuous in the end; it has good meaning, has good words, is unalloyed, is complete, is pure, and is immaculate. [F.143.a] They learn and possess many such Dharma teachings, recite them, mentally examine them, and understand them through contemplating them. They, who are thus very learned, make others with little learning very learned, training them, guiding them, and establishing them in that. They are endowed with that first quality.

2.­66

(2) “Also, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas are without envy and miserliness, and they make those beings overpowered by envy and miserliness become free of envy and have perfect generosity, and they train them, guide them, and establish them in that.71 The bodhisattva mahāsattvas possess that second quality.

2.­67

(3) “Also, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas do not harm beings; (4) they free beings from fear, freeing from calamities those beings afflicted by various calamities; (5) they are not fakes, not just talk, not frauds, and not deceivers; and (6) they frequently dwell in emptiness. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who possess those six qualities will obtain this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience.

2.­68

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who have those qualities should perform this Dravidian mantra,72 either in brief or in full, three times each day for seven years. They should bow down the five points of their body to the ground, maintain mindfulness of the body, and while dwelling in emptiness recite the Dravidian mantra. Then, when they stand up, they should be mindful of the bhagavat buddhas who reside, live, and remain in the surrounding worlds in the ten directions. After seven years of continuous mindfulness of the buddhas, [F.143.b] the bodhisattva mahāsattvas will attain this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who have attained this dhāraṇī will see, with the eye of wisdom, all the bhagavat buddhas who reside, live, remain, and also manifest miracles within buddha realms as numerous as the grains of sand in the Ganges River in the ten directions, in that way attaining the noble eye of wisdom. They will also see the bhagavat buddhas smiling. They will attain 84,000 dhāraṇī entranceways. They will also attain 72,000 samādhi entranceways. They will also attain 60,000 Dharma entranceways.

2.­69

“The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who are established in this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience will attain great kindness, and they will attain great compassion. Even if the bodhisattvas who obtain this dhāraṇī have committed the five actions with immediate results at death, that karma will be diminished in the next lifetime and will be totally eliminated in three lifetimes, and they will enter the tenth bhūmi. If the bodhisattvas have not committed the five actions with immediate results at death, all their other karma73 will be completely diminished, in their next life they will enter the tenth bhūmi, they will soon attain the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment, and they will attain the wisdom of an omniscient one.

2.­70

“Therefore, noble son, this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience is very important for the bodhisattva mahāsattvas. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas continually see the miraculous manifestation of the bhagavat buddhas smiling. They will make offerings to buddhas as numerous as the grains of sand in the Ganges River, [F.144.a] who are in realms as numerous as the grains of sand in the Ganges River. They will listen to the Dharma from these buddhas. They will attain samādhi, dhāraṇī, and acceptance, and they will return to this buddha realm. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas will have that range of miraculous powers.

2.­71

“Noble son, this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience of bodhisattva mahāsattvas will completely diminish karma and increase virtue. Therefore, it has great benefit.

2.­72

“Noble son, those who hear the name of the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience and hear the name of the Tathāgata Candrottama will diminish all their karmic obscurations and will definitely attain the highest, most complete enlightenment.”


2.­73

Then some bodhisattvas said, “Bhadanta Bhagavat, we have heard and obtained this dhāraṇī from the bhagavat buddhas of the past who resided, lived, and remained in buddha realms in the ten directions as numerous as the grains of sand in the Ganges River.”

2.­74

Some others said, “…as numerous as the grains of sand in two Ganges Rivers.”

Some others said, “…as numerous as the grains of sand in three Ganges Rivers.”

Some others said, “…as numerous as the grains of sand in four Ganges Rivers.”

Some others said, “…as numerous as the grains of sand in five Ganges Rivers.”

Some others said, “…as numerous as the grains of sand in six Ganges Rivers.”

Some others said, “…as numerous as the grains of sand in seven Ganges Rivers.”

Some others said, “…as numerous as the grains of sand in eight Ganges Rivers.”

2.­75

Some others said, “We have heard and obtained this dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience from samyaksam­buddhas of the past who resided, lived, and remained in buddha realms in the ten directions as numerous as the grains of sand in nine Ganges Rivers.”

2.­76

The bodhisattva mahāsattva Maitreya said, [F.144.b] “As many eons ago as there are grains of sand in ten Ganges Rivers, during an eon called Saṃtāraṇa, there was a buddha realm called Sarvālaṅkāra­vibhūṣita, in which there was a buddha named Sālendrarāja, a tathāgata, an arhat, a samyaksam­buddha, one with wisdom and virtuous conduct, a sugata, a knower of the world, an unsurpassable guide who tames beings, a teacher of devas and humans, a buddha, a bhagavat. He was encircled by a saṅgha of many hundreds of thousands of millions of trillions of bhikṣus and was similarly encircled by countless bodhisattvas. He taught this dhāraṇī, which is the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. From him I heard this dhāraṇī, meditated on it, and fully realized it.74

2.­77

“Throughout innumerable, truly innumerable, countless, truly countless eons, I made offerings through countless bodhisattva miracles to the samyaksam­buddhas, the bhagavat buddhas who resided, lived, and remained in the past. With each buddha I planted75 innumerable, countless, indeterminable,76 measureless77 good roots and acquired an accumulation of merit. Because of those numerous good roots, I received prophecies from many thousands of buddhas. It is because of my specific prayers that in terms of time, I have continued to circle in saṃsāra for a long time. That is why I circle in saṃsāra and have not attained the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood in the past. Now the Bhagavat has consecrated me as his regent for the highest, most complete enlightenment, binding the turban of liberation upon my head of wisdom.” [F.145.a]

2.­78

Then the Bhagavat said to the bodhisattva Maitreya, “It was thus, Maitreya. You received from the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Sālendrarāja this dhāraṇī, which is the dhāraṇī entranceway that is the form of omniscience. Maitreya, your hopes have been perfectly fulfilled. Maitreya, if you had desired it, you could have attained the complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood within ten eons. Maitreya, you have the power to quickly enter the state of nirvāṇa without any remaining aggregates, which is the unsurpassable accumulation of wisdom. But, Maitreya, you have preferred to remain in saṃsāra for such a long time because of the power of your prayer with regard to time. Therefore, Maitreya, I have now made you my heir. The tathāgatas of the past have also made you their heir.”


2.­79

Then the Bhagavat regarded the whole saṅgha. He regarded the gathering of bodhisattvas, bhikṣus, bhikṣuṇīs, upāsakas, upāsikās, devas, nāgas, yakṣas, rākṣasas, gandharvas, humans, and nonhumans. At that time, he recited these mantra words:

2.­80

dānta­bhūmiḥ damatha­bhūmiḥ smṛti­bhūmiḥ prajñā­bhūmirvaiśāradya­bhūmiḥ prati­saṃvid­bhūmi­ranutkṣepa­bhūmiḥ samatāpari­kṣayopekṣa­bhūmirjātikṣaya­bhūmirmanuja vinmujaḥ malanmujaḥ visāgraḥ daśāvate veśataḥ teraṇa vesalagra śamuśavataḥ vimati vimati yopahira regamata vasisakrama iticāravate mekhemudra daharavate prajñākṣābubu dahakramitā sadoṣavantaḥ elaya tilaya ahusuṭā [F.145.b] amundhamaṃ arthavati muruvati tehīnadvivā akaneti bakanate samake visābhaṭe iṭe iṭabale atra tatra kuruṣaṃ laruṣaṃ latatha katha sarvantaḥ sarvatarvaḥ aniruddhaḥ dihakhaṭambiphala bahuphala śataphala śīṣṭavate ||

2.­81

The Bhagavat recited to the devas these words of aspiration, which have the power to produce a result. When he recited them, six trillion devas saw the truth.

2.­82

agraphalam lalaha laha nilaṃhare vacatakhyā idaṃphalaṃ niyāmaphalaṃ namudaya vibhūkha prajñācakra sunirvṛticakra jñānīcakra ||

2.­83

These words of aspiration caused a hundred million devas to develop the aspiration for complete enlightenment, and they became irreversible.

2.­84

paśye somato anumato akumato akumati chedavakai mantrastha daśabala vipravastha iśasthita atimati tīkṣṇamati āloko sterituṣṇa ||

2.­85

These words of aspiration caused 64,000 nāgas to develop the aspiration for complete enlightenment, and they became irreversible.

2.­86

aprabhā samadanā ahadyo bhagavadyo karaṇyākṣa siddhamati samantakṣau alabale piṭakaro mahābale ojadaro dharaṇe migalekṣe udākṣa kudākṣa kukākṣa viroyo virūpamukha akṣihasta saṃkṣibala asurovina asuropramardane ||

2.­87

These words of aspiration caused 220,000,000 yakṣas to develop the aspiration for complete enlightenment, and they became irreversible.

2.­88

arthe pilile tinithe saṃtīrthe katitene nakeme nanamaste ubherabhe mudame madame matime saniha śūre dhāraṇīya sendra sadeva sanāga sayakṣāsuradevā [F.146.a] nāga nirukti parivāra niruktalāni smṛti prajñā parivāramati pratilābhī gati­dhṛtiparivāra gati­dhṛtilābhīḥ pūrvakeṣu hiteṣu caritavantaḥ abhi­skāmavantaḥ śūravantaḥ ciravīryavantaḥ bhītavantaḥ sitabhāge mārgamudra diśāpakarṣaṇi kṣaparahu oharaṇo devaracatu suramudra yakṣamudra rākṣasamudra vedivedime tape tattape uṣṇāname prakhādye nanava dhāraṇīya āviśa diśāśodhane vākyaśuddhe jihvāśuddhe vāciparikarmaḥ prajñā buddhi smṛti mati gati dhṛti gaṇana pratisaraṇabuddhiḥ jayacakre śūnyacakre vyaya ||

2.­89

These words of aspiration caused 56,000 asuras to develop the aspiration for complete enlightenment, and they became irreversible.


2.­90

Then the Bhagavat addressed the bodhisattva named Vaiśāradya­samavasaraṇa: “Noble son, it is difficult to encounter a tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha’s appearance in the world. It is also difficult to find these mantra words that are imbued with correct conduct, samādhi, wisdom, liberation, and the vision of the wisdom of liberation.

2.­91

“Noble son, the tathāgatas, in order to benefit beings and to accomplish the qualities of a bodhisattva, previously engaged in bodhisattva conduct. They possessed generosity, restraint, self-control, patience, diligence, samādhi, and wisdom.78 They served many hundreds of thousands of millions of trillions of buddhas. Some performed acts of generosity, some maintained correct conduct, some led a celibate life, some practiced meditation, some engaged in diligence, some meditated on patience, [F.146.b] some accomplished samādhi, and some cultivated wisdom. They performed many countless, various, different good actions. It is in that way that I, too, have now attained unsurpassable wisdom.

2.­92

“Noble son, the tathāgatas previously followed the conduct of a bodhisattva for many hundreds of thousands of millions of trillions of eons. They refrained from lying, slander, harsh speech, and idle talk. They cultivated virtuous speech of many different kinds. Therefore, they have now obtained long tongues. Noble son, the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddhas do not speak in any other way.”


2.­93

Then the Bhagavat performed a miraculous deed for his retinue. He performed the miraculous deed of resting in the gathering79 of all merit samādhi and extending his tongue from his mouth and covering his face with it. That tongue radiated 600,000,000 light rays. Those light rays filled the worlds of this billion-world universe with a bright radiance. Those light rays illuminated the hells, animals, Yama worlds, devas, and humans. Those light rays blew as cool breezes onto the beings in hell, whose bodies were being burned by blazing fires. The instant those breezes touched them, there arose for them a sensation of bliss. Before each being in hell there appeared an emanation of the Buddha, with a body adorned by the thirty-two signs and glorious with the eighty excellent features of a great being. [F.147.a] When the beings in hell saw them, they were endowed with bliss, their bodies were refreshed by seeing the Buddha, and on seeing the Buddha they thought, “It is through the power of this being that I have gained this experience of bliss,” and they had affection, delight, and respect for the appearance of the Bhagavat.

2.­94

The Bhagavat said to them, “O beings! Say these words: ‘Homage to the Buddha, homage to the Dharma, homage to the Saṅgha,’ and you will always have this kind of bliss.”

2.­95

Those hell beings then placed their palms together and recited, “Homage to the Buddha! Homage to the Dharma! Homage to the Saṅgha!”

2.­96

Because of that virtuous root and pure motivation, those hell beings departed that life, some to be born among devas and some among humans.

2.­97

The light rays came as warm winds to those who had been born within the cold hells, and so on, as just described, up until those who had been born among humans. In the same way, when the light rays touched the pretas,80 whose bodies were burning with hunger and thirst, they extinguished the fire of hunger and thirst, and the pretas experienced bliss.

2.­98

An emanation of the Buddha, whose body was adorned by the thirty-two signs and glorious with the eighty excellent features of a great being, appeared before each preta. When the pretas saw them, they were happy and satisfied. They thought, “It is through the power of this being that I have obtained this experience of bliss” and they had affection, delight, and respect for the appearance of the Bhagavat.

2.­99

The Bhagavat said to them, “You beings here!81 Recite these words: ‘Homage to the Buddha, homage to the Dharma, homage to the Saṅgha,’ and you will always have this kind of bliss.

2.­100

Then those pretas placed their palms together and recited, “Homage to the Buddha! Homage to the Dharma! Homage to the Saṅgha!”82 [F.147.b]

2.­101

Because of that root of virtue, those preta beings departed that life, some to be born among devas and some among humans. The Bhagavat also instructed the animals in that way. He also instructed the humans in that way. Devas and humans beyond number came to the Bhagavat, bowed their heads to his feet, and sat down to hear the Dharma. At that time, numberless assemblies of devas and humans developed the motivation to attain the highest, most complete enlightenment, and countless bodhisattvas there attained samādhi, acceptance, and dhāraṇī.

2.­102

That concludes “The Dhāraṇī Entranceway,” which is the second chapter of the Mahāyāna sūtra titled The White Lotus of Compassion.


3.
Chapter 3

Generosity

3.­1

When the Bhagavat had concluded his miraculous manifestation, the bodhisattva mahāsattva Śāntimati asked the Bhagavat, “Bhagavat, by what cause and circumstances are the pure buddha realms of other buddhas unpolluted, free from the five degeneracies, and have the array of the various qualities of a buddha realm? All the bodhisattva mahāsattvas there have a perfection of the various kinds of good qualities and possess the various kinds of happiness. Even the words śrāvaka and pratyekabuddha are unknown there, let alone the word rebirth.


4.
Chapter 4

The Prophecies to the Bodhisattvas

4.­1

“Then, noble son, the tathāgata arhat samyaksam­buddha Ratnagarbha thought, ‘The brahmin Samudrareṇu has made many millions of beings aspire to, be fixed upon, and be dedicated to the highest, most complete enlightenment and has brought them to an irreversible level. I shall give them prophecies, telling them what their buddha realms will be.’

4.­2

“Then the Bhagavat entered the samādhi called never forgetting bodhicitta, and he smiled. That smile illuminated countless buddha realms with a vast radiance. He showed the array of qualities of those buddha realms to King Araṇemin and the many millions of beings. [F.170.a] At that time, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas in countless buddha realms in the ten directions saw that radiance, and through the power of the Buddha, they came to this world in order to see, pay homage to, and honor the Bhagavat and his saṅgha of bhikṣus.


5.
Chapter 5

The Practice of Generosity

5.­1

“Noble son, the bodhisattva mahāsattva Mahākāruṇika bowed down the five points of his body to the feet of the Tathāgata Ratnagarbha. He then sat down in front of the Tathāgata Ratnagarbha [F.261.a] and respectfully addressed this question to the Tathāgata Ratnagarbha: ‘Bhadanta Bhagavat, you have taught the path of bodhisattvas, the Dharma discourse on the entranceway instruction to samādhi and the entranceway to the purity of accumulations. Bhadanta Bhagavat, how much have you taught of the path of bodhisattvas, the Dharma discourse on the entranceway instruction to samādhi and the entranceway to the purity of accumulations? Bhadanta Bhagavat, what is the complete extent of the teaching on samādhi entranceways and the Dharma discourse on pure accumulations? Bhadanta Bhagavat, how should a noble son or noble daughter remain within your teaching? In what way should they be adorned by the teaching on samādhi entranceways?’


6.
Chapter 6

Conclusion

6.­1

“Noble son, I, with my buddha eyes, see in the ten directions as many bhagavat buddhas passing into parinirvāṇa as there are particles in a buddha realm. It was I who first brought them all to the aspiration for the highest, most complete enlightenment and made them enter and remain in it.

6.­2

“Thus, [F.284.a] I see innumerable, uncountable bhagavat buddhas who reside, live, and remain in the eastern direction, teaching the Dharma, having turned the Dharma wheel that possesses the Dharma. It was I who first brought them, too, to the aspiration for the highest, most complete enlightenment and made them enter and remain in it. I was the one who made them first obtain, enter, and remain in the six perfections.


c.

Colophon

c.­1

This was translated and revised by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra, Surendrabodhi, Prajñāvarman, and the chief editor Lotsawa Bendé Yeshé Dé and others.


n.

Notes

n.­1
The origin story in this sūtra for the 1,004 buddhas of our eon is one among several others. The sūtra The Good Eon (Bhadrakalpika, Toh 94) itself contains two origin stories for them (see Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2022, 2.­1 ff, and 2.C.­1019 ff.), The Secrets of the Realized Ones (Tathāgatācintya­guhya­nirdeśa, Toh 47, Degé Kangyur vol. 39, F.117.b–125.b) another, and The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimala­kīrti­nirdeśa, Toh 176) yet another (see Thurman 2017, 12.­6 ff.)
n.­2
See Roberts, Peter Alan. trans., The White Lotus of the Good Dharma, Toh 113 (2018).
n.­3
Consequently, although the notion of multiple buddhas arising over time, as well as over space, is most fully developed in the Mahāyāna tradition, it is also a theme present in the texts of Nikāya Buddhism, including several in the Pali Canon and the Mahāvastu of the Lokottaravāda-Mahāsāṅghika. For a general survey of accounts of multiple buddhas, see The Good Eon i.­10–i.­18. See also Salomon 2018, pp. 265–293.
n.­4
In essence the process begins with a period in which an individual accumulates merit independently, followed by the first vow to attain awakening, made in the presence of a buddha; the subsequent prophecy of awakening, made by the same or another, later buddha; a long period of maturation during which the six (or more) perfections are practiced and the successive bodhisattva levels are traversed; the attainment of a stage of irreversible progress leading to inevitable awakening; being anointed as the next buddha to come by the preceding buddha; taking birth in the Heaven of Joy; and being reborn in the lifetime during which awakening as a tathāgata will occur. The stages of a bodhisattva’s practice are the topic of numerous scriptures, treatises, and commentaries, some in vast detail such as the Buddha­vataṃsaka­sūtra (Toh 44) and the Yogācārabhūmi (Toh 4035–4037). Perhaps the most succinct summary comes in the opening lines of the Mahāvastu, where four stages are described: (1) prakṛticaryā (“natural career”), (2) pranidhāna­caryā (“resolving stage”), (3) anulomacaryā (“conforming stage”), and (4) anivartana­caryā (“preserving career”). See Mahāvastu, vol. I, 1.2; the four stages are explained in more detail in vol. 1, ch. 5 and are a feature of other works including the Bahubuddhaka sūtras of Gandhāra. See also Jaini 2001, p. 453, and Salomon 2018, pp. 276–279.
n.­5
Taishō 158: 大乘悲分陀利經 (Dasheng beifen tuoli jing); Taishō 157: 悲華經 (Bei hua jing). A Chinese bibliography written in 730 by Zhi Seng claims that the sūtra was first translated by Dharmarakṣa (ca. 230–317), and that there was also another lost translation by Dao Gong made between 401 and 412. However, Yamada’s research shows the first attribution to have been a misunderstanding of the earlier Seng Min bibliography, which also records that the Dharmakṣema translation had been mistakenly ascribed to Dao Gong. See Yamada 1967, vol. 1, pp. 15–20.
n.­6
The opening section that features the Buddha Padmottara seems to have only a tenuous connection to the main body of the text. There are also some internal inconsistencies, such as an unexplained name change for King Araṇemin.
n.­7
Yamada 1967, 1:167–71.
n.­8
Denkarma, F.296.b.7. See also Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, p. 44, no. 78.
n.­14
There are two ways to interpret this traditional beginning of a sūtra, with such Indian masters as Kamalaśīla claiming that both are equally correct: the version used in this translation, and the alternative interpretation “Thus did I hear: At one time, the Bhagavat…” The various traditional and modern arguments for both sides are given in Galloway (1991).
n.­15
Skt. ājāneya; Tib. cang shes. The term ājāneya was primarily used for thoroughbred horses but was also applied to people in a laudatory sense.
n.­16
From this point on, the Sanskrit version of the introduction is more elaborate.
n.­33
According to the Tibetan. “The bodhisattvas arise from their samādhis” is absent in the Sanskrit.
n.­34
According to the Tibetan ’od dpag tshad brgya pa. The Sanskrit has yojanaprabhā (“[one] yojana[-wide] light”). The Tibetan brgya pa could be a corruption of rgya pa (“wide”).
n.­35
According to the Sanskrit snigdhacittā. The Tibetan translated this with its alternative meaning of snum pa’i sems (lit. “oily mind”). It also means “sticky” and “adhering,” but the essential meaning is “friendly and affectionate.”
n.­36
According to the Sanskrit pratyaya, which could be translated as “condition,” “circumstances,” “factor,” or “cause.” The Tibetan has rkyen.
n.­37
According to the Tibetan. “The power of courage” is absent in the Sanskrit.
n.­38
According to the Tibetan. “Mahāsattvas” is absent in the Sanskrit.
n.­39
According to the Tibetan. “Mahāsattvas” is absent in the Sanskrit.
n.­40
According to the Sanskrit gandhāhārās. Translated into Tibetan as dri za, which would normally be understood to be the translation of gandharva, a specific class of deities, but this is not what is meant here.
n.­41
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has priyāpriya (“pleasant and unpleasant”).
n.­42
According to the Tibetan de bzhin du sbyar and the BHS usage of peyālaṃ.
n.­43
According to the Sanskrit durgandha and the Tibetan thog dri nga ba yang. The Narthang and Lhasa versions have the corruption dri ma’ang; the Urga and Degé have dri ma yang (“stain”).
n.­44
According to the Tibetan. In the Sanskrit “gentle” and “pleasing” are adjectives for the birds and not their songs.
n.­45
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has the height as 68,000 yojanas, aṣṭaṣaṣṭhi­yojana­sahasrāṇi.
n.­46
According to the Sanskrit. The Tibetan translates caraṇa as “feet.”
n.­47
The Sanskrit has “said” instead of “thought.”
n.­48
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “in the first period of the night.”
n.­49
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “we wish to remain.”
n.­50
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “past and future.”
n.­51
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “will teach this entranceway into the dhāraṇī that is the form of omniscience to the bodhisattvas whom they have consecrated to be their regents.”
n.­52
Tadyathā (“it is thus”) is taken in the Tibetan to be the beginning of the dharāṇī. Nearly every word has variations in the various editions of the Kangyur. Here we follow the critical edition of the Sanskrit by Yamada.
n.­53
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit here adds “came to this Sahā world realm.”
n.­54
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “by a great assembly of bodhisattvas.”
n.­55
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “8,400,000.”
n.­56
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has, “Solely to obtain this samādhi, a bodhisattva mahāsattva has to realize the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment and attain the knowledge of an omniscient one.”
n.­57
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has gāḍhakarmāni (“strong karma”). The Tibetan has dang po’i las (“initial karma”).
n.­58
According to the Sanskrit paṭṭaṃ bandhati. The Tibetan translates this as “binding silk,” but toward the end of the sūtra translates it as thod bcings (“turban”).
n.­59
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit adds “by passing on their diadem turban.”
n.­60
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit omits dharmabhāṇaka (“Dharma reciter”).
n.­61
The Sanskrit bhakṣyānna just means “food” and does not specify “cooked rice.”
n.­62
The Tibetan gtams (“filled”) seems to be an early scribal corruption from gdams. The Sanskrit has avādata (“to be addressed,” “to be spoken to”).
n.­63
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit āmantrayate could also mean “greeted.”
n.­64
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit omits “bhagavat.”
n.­65
According to the Sanskrit. The Tibetan omits Candrottama.
n.­66
According to the Sanskrit avakrāmanti. The Tibetan translates here as las ’das (“passing beyond,” “transcending”), although when this same phrase occurs later in the sūtra, the verb is translated as gnon par byed (“ascend to”).
n.­67
“Tenth” is not specified in this passage but is said to be the result of listening to the dhāraṇī further on.
n.­68
According to the Tibetan. In the Sanskrit, “bodhisattvas” is in the genitive case, so that the passage reads: “and he planted good roots for those bodhisattva mahāsattvas for ten intermediate eons.”
n.­69
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “established many hundred thousand million trillion hundreds of thousands of millions of trillions of beings in irreversible progress toward the highest, most complete enlightenment.”
n.­70
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has Ratnacandravairocana.
n.­71
This line is abridged in the Tibetan, but has been rendered in full here.
n.­72
Dravidian is the term used for the people, language, and culture of South India, and here the mantra is identified as being linguistically Dravidian.
n.­73
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “all his other karmic obscurations.”
n.­74
According to the Sanskrit syntax.
n.­75
According to the Sanskrit avaropya. The Tibetan has bsrungs (“protected,” “guarded”).
n.­76
The Sanskrit has atulya (“unequaled”).
n.­77
The Sanskrit repeats aprameyāṇi, while Tibetan has first tshad ma mchis pa and second dpag tu ma mchis pa, which means the Sanskrit must have had aparimāṇa, as later in the sūtra.
n.­78
According to the Sanskrit. As a result of the ambiguity of the Sanskrit here, the Tibetan associates these qualities with the buddhas to whom the bodhisattvas made offerings.
n.­79
According to the Sanskrit. The Tibetan has gzhol (“enter into”).
n.­80
According to the Tibetan. The Sanskrit has “pretas and piśācas.”
n.­81
According to the Sanskrit. The Tibetan has translated the Sanskrit eta as “come here!”
n.­82
According to the Sanskrit. The Tibetan omits “…‘and you will always have this kind of bliss.’ Then those pretas placed their palms together and recited, ‘Homage to the Buddha! Homage to the Dharma! Homage to the Saṅgha.’ ”

b.

Bibliography

Selected Versions of The White Lotus of Compassion

’phags pa snying rje pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 50, pp. 345–736.

’phags pa snying rje pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Toh 112, Degé Kangyur vol. 50 (mdo sde, cha), folios 129a–297a.

’phags pa snying rje pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Lhasa 119, Lhasa (lha sa) Kangyur vol. 52 (mdo sde, cha), folios 209b–474b.

’phags pa snying rje pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Sheldrima 76, Sheldrima (shel mkhar bris ma) Kangyur vol. 51 (mdo sde, nga), folios 1b–243b.

’phags pa snying rje pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Stok 45, Stok Palace Kangyur vol. 55 (mdo sde, nga), folios 1a–243b.

’phags pa snying rje pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Urga 112, Urga Kangyur vol. 50 (mdo sde, cha), folios 128a–296a.

Kangyur and Tengyur Texts

bcom ldan ’das kyi ye shes rgyas pa’i mdo sde rin po che mtha’ yas pa mthar phyin pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Niṣṭhāgatabhagavajjñāna­vaipulya­sūtra­ratnānanta­nāma­mahāyāna-sūtra). Toh 99, Degé Kangyur vol. 47 (mdo sde, ga), folios 1b–275b. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee, 2019.

bde ba can gyi bkod pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Sukhāvatīvyūha­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Toh 115, Degé Kangyur vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), folios 195b–200a. English translation in Sakya Pandita Translation Group, 2011.

dam pa’i chos pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Saddharma­puṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Toh 113, Degé Kangyur vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1b–180b. English translation in Roberts 2022.

kun nas sgo’i le’u zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Samantamukha­parivarta­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Toh 54, Degé Kangyur vol. 40 (dkon brtsegs, kha), folios 184a–195b. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee, 2020.

nam mkha’i mdzod kyis zhus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Gaganagañja­pari­pṛcchā­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Toh 148, Degé Kangyur vol. 57 (mdo sde, pa), folios 243a–330b.

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭāsāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā). Toh 12, Degé Kangyur vol. 33 (sher phyin brgyad stong pa, ka), folios 1b–286b.

snying rje chen po’i pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Mahākaruṇā­puṇḍarīka­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Toh 111, Degé Kangyur vol. 51 (mdo sde, cha), folios 56a–128b.

za ma tog bkod pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Karaṇḍavyūha­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra). Toh 116, Degé Kangyur vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), folios 200a–247b. English translation in Roberts 2013.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan [/lhan] dkar gyi chos kyi ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 207 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294b–310a.

Secondary Literature

Davids, T.W. Rhys & William Stede. The Pali Text’s Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. London: Pali Text Society, 1921–25.

Dharmachakra Translation Committee, trans. The Exposition on the Universal Gateway (Toh 54). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2019.

Dharmachakra Translation Committee, trans. The Precious Discourse on the Blessed One’s Extensive Wisdom That Leads to Infinite Certainty (Toh 99). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2019.

Dīpaṃkarajñāna. dbu ma’i man ngag rin po che’i za ma tog kha phye ba (Ratna­karaṇḍodghāṭa­nāma­madhyamakopadeśa). Toh 3930, Degé Tengyur vol. 212 (dbu ma, ki), folios 96b1–116b7.

Edgerton, Franklin. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary (2 vols). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.

Galloway, Brian. “Thus Have I Heard: At one time…” Indo-Iranian Journal 34, no. 2 (April 1991): 87–104.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Jaini, Padmanabh S. “Stages in the Bodhisattva Career of the Tathāgata Maitreya,” in Sponberg and Hardacre (eds.), Maitreya, the Future Buddha, pp 54-90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Reprinted with additional material in Jaini, Padmanabh S. Collected Papers on Buddhist Studies, ch. 26. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2001.

Mañjuśrīkīrti. ’jam dpal gyi mtshan yang dag par brjod pa’i rgya cher bshad pa (Mañjuśrī­nāma­saṃgītiṭīkā). Toh 2534, Degé Tengyur vol. 63 (rgyud, khu), folios 115b–301a7.

Mipham (Ju Mipham Gyatso, ’ju mi pham rgya mtsho). thub chog byin rlabs gter mdzod kyi rgyab chos pad+ma dkar po. In gsung ’bum/ mi pham rgya mtsho. Degé: sde dge spar khang, 195?. BDRC: WA4PD506.

Roberts, Peter Alan. trans. The White Lotus of the Good Dharma (Toh 113). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2022.

Roberts, Peter Alan. and Tulku Yeshi, trans. The Basket’s Display (Toh 116). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2013.

Sakya Pandita Translation Group, trans. The Display of the Pure Land of Sukhāvatī (Toh 115). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2011.

Salomon, Richard. The Buddhist Literature of Ancient Gandhāra: An Introduction with Selected Translations. Classics of Indian Buddhism series. Somerville: Wisdom Publications, 2018.

Yamada, Isshi. Karuṇā­puṇḍarīka (vols. 1 & 2). London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1967.

Other Resources

Peking Tripitaka Online Search.

Sanskrit and Tamil Dictionaries.

Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon.

Resources for Kanjur and Tanjur Studies, Universität Wien.


g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

Abhaya

Wylie:
  • ’jigs med
Tibetan:
  • འཇིགས་མེད།
Sanskrit:
  • abhaya

The fifth of the thousand sons of King Araṇemin, who becomes the bodhisattva Gaganamudra and is prophesied to become the Buddha Padmottara.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 3.­33
  • 4.­86
  • 4.­88-89
  • g.­166
g.­2

Abhi­bhūta­guṇa­sāgara­rāja

Wylie:
  • yon tan rgya mtsho’i zil mnan rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ཟིལ་མནན་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • abhi­bhūta­guṇa­sāgara­rāja

One of the hundred names prophesied by the Buddha Ratnagarbha for 2,500 buddhas, presumably the name of twenty-five of those buddhas.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­144
g.­3

Abhigarjita

Wylie:
  • mngon par sgrogs pa
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་སྒྲོགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • abhigarjita

A southern buddha realm that the Buddha Śākyamuni sees.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­43
g.­5

Abhirati

Wylie:
  • mngon par dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • abhirati

The eastern realm where the ninth son of King Araṇemin has become the Buddha Akṣobhya, and after Akṣobhya’s nirvāṇa, where the tenth son will become the Buddha Suvarṇapuṣpa. It will be renamed Jayasoma when the eleventh son, Siṃha, becomes the Buddha Nāga­vinarditeśvara­ghoṣa there.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­172
  • 4.­182
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­39
  • g.­22
  • g.­218
  • g.­361
  • g.­561
  • g.­623
g.­10

acceptance

Wylie:
  • bzod pa
Tibetan:
  • བཟོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • kṣānti

A term also translated as “patience” and “forebearance” in this text, and in others sometimes as “receptivity”; here, often in the context of its association with dhāraṇī and samādhi, the term is probably to be understood as related to “forbearance that comes from realizing the birthlessness of phenomena” (q.v.).

Located in 18 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­3
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­70
  • 2.­101
  • 3.­46
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­114
  • 4.­115
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­342
  • 4.­344
  • 5.­154
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­86
  • n.­221
  • g.­158
g.­16

aggregate

Wylie:
  • phung po
Tibetan:
  • ཕུང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • skandha

The five aggregates of forms, sensations, identifications, mental activities, and consciousnesses.

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­53
  • 2.­78
  • 3.­55
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­173
  • 4.­260
  • 4.­330
  • 4.­384
  • 4.­413
  • 4.­544
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­118
  • g.­165
g.­22

Akṣobhya

Wylie:
  • mi ’khrugs pa
Tibetan:
  • མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • akṣobhya

The buddha whom the bodhisattva Akṣobhya, the ninth son of King Araṇemin, is prophesied to become in the realm Abhirati. His name as a bodhisattva and buddha is the same. At the time when this sūtra appeared, he was already a well-known buddha and later become important as the head of one of the five buddha families in the higher tantras. Śākyamuni states that he can see Akṣobhya in the eastern buddha realm Abhirati.

Located in 22 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • i.­4
  • i.­37
  • 4.­155-156
  • 4.­172-173
  • 4.­175-177
  • 4.­182
  • 4.­435
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­39
  • n.­251
  • g.­5
  • g.­33
  • g.­218
  • g.­361
  • g.­455
  • g.­623
g.­28

Amitābha

Wylie:
  • ’od dpag med
  • snang ba mtha’ yas
Tibetan:
  • འོད་དཔག་མེད།
  • སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས།
Sanskrit:
  • amitābha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The buddha of the western buddhafield of Sukhāvatī, where fortunate beings are reborn to make further progress toward spiritual maturity. Amitābha made his great vows to create such a realm when he was a bodhisattva called Dharmākara. In the Pure Land Buddhist tradition, popular in East Asia, aspiring to be reborn in his buddha realm is the main emphasis; in other Mahāyāna traditions, too, it is a widespread practice. For a detailed description of the realm, see The Display of the Pure Land of Sukhāvatī, Toh 115. In some tantras that make reference to the five families he is the tathāgata associated with the lotus family.

Amitābha, “Infinite Light,” is also known in many Indian Buddhist works as Amitāyus, “Infinite Life.” In both East Asian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions he is often conflated with another buddha named “Infinite Life,” Aparimitāyus, or “Infinite Life and Wisdom,”Aparimitāyurjñāna, the shorter version of whose name has also been back-translated from Tibetan into Sanskrit as Amitāyus but who presides over a realm in the zenith. For details on the relation between these buddhas and their names, see The Aparimitāyurjñāna Sūtra (1) Toh 674, i.9.

Located in 14 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • i.­4
  • i.­13
  • i.­36-37
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­526
  • g.­29
  • g.­40
  • g.­317
  • g.­379
  • g.­500
  • g.­599
g.­29

Amitāyus

Wylie:
  • tshe dpag med
Tibetan:
  • ཚེ་དཔག་མེད།
Sanskrit:
  • amitāyus

The buddha in the realm of Sukhāvatī. Later and presently better known by his alternative name Amitābha, while Amitāyus is most commonly used as the short form of the Buddha Aparamitāyurjñāna’s name.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • i.­13
  • i.­36
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­29-30
  • g.­47
  • g.­599
g.­32

Amṛtaśuddha

Wylie:
  • —
Tibetan:
  • —
Sanskrit:
  • amṛtaśuddha

The name of King Araṇemin in the latter half of The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra.

Located in 136 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2
  • i.­28
  • i.­31
  • i.­36
  • 3.­5-6
  • 3.­9-13
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­21-22
  • 3.­24-25
  • 3.­27-29
  • 3.­31-35
  • 3.­37
  • 3.­43
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­60
  • 3.­64
  • 3.­79
  • 3.­94
  • 3.­119-120
  • 3.­123
  • 3.­125-127
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­4-5
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­19
  • 4.­22-23
  • 4.­26-27
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­417
  • 4.­526
  • 5.­52
  • n.­6
  • n.­11
  • n.­106
  • n.­224
  • n.­254
  • n.­358
  • n.­374
  • g.­1
  • g.­5
  • g.­15
  • g.­19
  • g.­22
  • g.­24
  • g.­26
  • g.­27
  • g.­33
  • g.­35
  • g.­38
  • g.­40
  • g.­41
  • g.­47
  • g.­49
  • g.­51
  • g.­53
  • g.­55
  • g.­103
  • g.­112
  • g.­131
  • g.­166
  • g.­168
  • g.­180
  • g.­185
  • g.­193
  • g.­198
  • g.­201
  • g.­214
  • g.­216
  • g.­242
  • g.­244
  • g.­279
  • g.­292
  • g.­305
  • g.­317
  • g.­324
  • g.­326
  • g.­337
  • g.­351
  • g.­353
  • g.­354
  • g.­361
  • g.­366
  • g.­375
  • g.­378
  • g.­379
  • g.­393
  • g.­403
  • g.­429
  • g.­431
  • g.­432
  • g.­433
  • g.­435
  • g.­437
  • g.­439
  • g.­440
  • g.­451
  • g.­455
  • g.­467
  • g.­495
  • g.­496
  • g.­524
  • g.­553
  • g.­561
  • g.­588
  • g.­621
  • g.­623
  • g.­633
  • g.­673
  • g.­676
  • g.­691
  • g.­740
  • g.­744
  • g.­746
  • g.­750
  • g.­751
g.­34

Ānanda

Wylie:
  • kun dga’ bo
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
Sanskrit:
  • ānanda

The Buddha Śākyamuni’s cousin, who was his attendant for the last twenty years of his life. He was the subject of criticism and opposition from the monastic community after the Buddha’s passing, but he eventually succeeded to the position of the patriarch of Buddhism in India after the passing of the first patriarch Mahākāśyapa.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • i.­48
  • 1.­2
  • g.­261
g.­47

Araṇemin

Wylie:
  • rtsibs kyi mu khyud
Tibetan:
  • རྩིབས་ཀྱི་མུ་ཁྱུད།
Sanskrit:
  • araṇemin

The name of the king in the distant past who eventually became Amitāyus. Later he is named Amṛtaśuddha.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • g.­32
g.­50

arhat

Wylie:
  • dgra bcom pa
Tibetan:
  • དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • arhat

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

According to Buddhist tradition, one who is worthy of worship (pūjām arhati), or one who has conquered the enemies, the mental afflictions (kleśa-ari-hata-vat), and reached liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering. It is the fourth and highest of the four fruits attainable by śrāvakas. Also used as an epithet of the Buddha.

Located in 89 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­8-10
  • 1.­19-23
  • 1.­25-26
  • 2.­17-18
  • 2.­20-23
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­46-48
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­76
  • 2.­78
  • 2.­90
  • 2.­92
  • 3.­8-9
  • 3.­11-13
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­33-34
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­46-47
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­79-80
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­123-124
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­10-11
  • 4.­13-15
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­80
  • 4.­92
  • 4.­98
  • 4.­121
  • 4.­137
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­177
  • 4.­240
  • 4.­326
  • 4.­415
  • 4.­462
  • 4.­469
  • 4.­474
  • 4.­479
  • 4.­488
  • 4.­492
  • 4.­504
  • 4.­514-515
  • 4.­544
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­82-85
  • 6.­11
  • n.­117
  • g.­153
  • g.­576
g.­59

asura

Wylie:
  • lha ma yin
Tibetan:
  • ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
Sanskrit:
  • asura

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A type of nonhuman being whose precise status is subject to different views, but is included as one of the six classes of beings in the sixfold classification of realms of rebirth. In the Buddhist context, asuras are powerful beings said to be dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility. They are also known in the pre-Buddhist and pre-Vedic mythologies of India and Iran, and feature prominently in Vedic and post-Vedic Brahmanical mythology, as well as in the Buddhist tradition. In these traditions, asuras are often described as being engaged in interminable conflict with the devas (gods).

Located in 41 passages in the translation:

  • i.­27
  • i.­33
  • i.­48
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­89
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­98-99
  • 3.­105-107
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­124
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­287
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­347
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­406
  • 4.­411
  • 4.­413
  • 4.­416
  • 4.­467
  • 4.­486
  • 4.­533-534
  • 4.­540
  • 4.­550
  • 4.­556
  • 5.­57
  • 5.­66
  • 5.­69
  • 5.­103
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­85
  • 6.­91
  • g.­155
  • g.­261
g.­61

Avalokiteśvara

Wylie:
  • spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug
Tibetan:
  • སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དབང་ཕྱུག
Sanskrit:
  • avalokiteśvara

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

One of the “eight close sons of the Buddha,” he is also known as the bodhisattva who embodies compassion. In certain tantras, he is also the lord of the three families, where he embodies the compassion of the buddhas. In Tibet, he attained great significance as a special protector of Tibet, and in China, in female form, as Guanyin, the most important bodhisattva in all of East Asia.

Located in 17 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • i.­9
  • i.­13
  • i.­37
  • 4.­32-35
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­419
  • n.­178
  • n.­180-181
  • g.­40
  • g.­500
  • g.­546
g.­68

bhadanta

Wylie:
  • btsun pa
Tibetan:
  • བཙུན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhadanta

“Venerable One.” A term of respect used for Buddhist monks.

Located in 103 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­1
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­73
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­62
  • 3.­123
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­19
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­60
  • 4.­62
  • 4.­82
  • 4.­87-88
  • 4.­96-97
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­125-126
  • 4.­129-132
  • 4.­134-135
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­150-153
  • 4.­156
  • 4.­165
  • 4.­173
  • 4.­176
  • 4.­178
  • 4.­183
  • 4.­196
  • 4.­198
  • 4.­205
  • 4.­207
  • 4.­218
  • 4.­229
  • 4.­232
  • 4.­235
  • 4.­240
  • 4.­245
  • 4.­247
  • 4.­273
  • 4.­280-281
  • 4.­283
  • 4.­305-307
  • 4.­309-310
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­346
  • 4.­357
  • 4.­359
  • 4.­362
  • 4.­381
  • 4.­393-394
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­408
  • 4.­415
  • 4.­463
  • 4.­468
  • 4.­474
  • 4.­479-481
  • 4.­483
  • 4.­487
  • 4.­492
  • 4.­500
  • 4.­537-538
  • 4.­543
  • 4.­547-549
  • 4.­552-553
  • 5.­1
  • 6.­10-13
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­90
g.­69

Bhadraka

Wylie:
  • bzang po
Tibetan:
  • བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhadraka

Our present eon in which over a thousand buddhas will appear. The meaning is “good” because of the number of buddhas that will appear. In this sūtra it is usually called bhadraka.

Located in 59 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­233
  • 4.­236
  • 4.­240-241
  • 4.­245
  • 4.­255
  • 4.­258
  • 4.­268-273
  • 4.­276-278
  • 4.­282
  • 4.­305
  • 4.­307
  • 4.­310
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­326
  • 4.­332
  • 4.­396
  • 4.­399
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­415
  • 4.­432
  • 4.­522
  • 4.­525-526
  • n.­278-279
  • n.­285
  • g.­74
  • g.­142
  • g.­191
  • g.­207
  • g.­254
  • g.­268
  • g.­271
  • g.­275
  • g.­289
  • g.­307
  • g.­323
  • g.­405
  • g.­422
  • g.­469
  • g.­536
  • g.­541
  • g.­558
  • g.­562
  • g.­587
  • g.­600
  • g.­647
  • g.­690
  • g.­712
  • g.­730
  • g.­731
g.­72

Bhagavat

Wylie:
  • bcom ldan ’das
Tibetan:
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
Sanskrit:
  • bhagavat

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, this is an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

Located in 356 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­9-12
  • 1.­21-22
  • 2.­1-2
  • 2.­14-15
  • 2.­20-23
  • 2.­34-39
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­48-49
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­55-56
  • 2.­68
  • 2.­70
  • 2.­73
  • 2.­76-79
  • 2.­81
  • 2.­90
  • 2.­93-94
  • 2.­98-99
  • 2.­101
  • 3.­1-5
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­12-13
  • 3.­15-16
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­20-22
  • 3.­25-29
  • 3.­31-34
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­41-44
  • 3.­46-47
  • 3.­53
  • 3.­55-56
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­60-64
  • 3.­66-67
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­81-83
  • 3.­89-94
  • 3.­96-97
  • 3.­99-104
  • 3.­106-111
  • 3.­114-115
  • 3.­117
  • 3.­123-128
  • 4.­2-3
  • 4.­5-6
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­16-17
  • 4.­19-21
  • 4.­24
  • 4.­27-29
  • 4.­31
  • 4.­34-36
  • 4.­39-43
  • 4.­46-47
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­52
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­60
  • 4.­62
  • 4.­66
  • 4.­69
  • 4.­73-75
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­80
  • 4.­82
  • 4.­84
  • 4.­87-88
  • 4.­90
  • 4.­92-93
  • 4.­96-99
  • 4.­102
  • 4.­104
  • 4.­107
  • 4.­114
  • 4.­117-118
  • 4.­120
  • 4.­125-127
  • 4.­129-137
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­150-154
  • 4.­156
  • 4.­165
  • 4.­172-173
  • 4.­176-178
  • 4.­182-183
  • 4.­196-198
  • 4.­202-203
  • 4.­205-207
  • 4.­211
  • 4.­215
  • 4.­218-219
  • 4.­221
  • 4.­228-230
  • 4.­232-233
  • 4.­235-237
  • 4.­240-241
  • 4.­245
  • 4.­247
  • 4.­255-256
  • 4.­268
  • 4.­270-271
  • 4.­273
  • 4.­277
  • 4.­280-283
  • 4.­287-288
  • 4.­290
  • 4.­292
  • 4.­305-307
  • 4.­309-311
  • 4.­320
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­325-326
  • 4.­346
  • 4.­357
  • 4.­359
  • 4.­362
  • 4.­381
  • 4.­393-394
  • 4.­398
  • 4.­400
  • 4.­403-405
  • 4.­407-408
  • 4.­410
  • 4.­414-416
  • 4.­461
  • 4.­463-464
  • 4.­467-468
  • 4.­473-474
  • 4.­477
  • 4.­479-481
  • 4.­483-484
  • 4.­486-487
  • 4.­491-492
  • 4.­497
  • 4.­500
  • 4.­517-519
  • 4.­524-525
  • 4.­537-538
  • 4.­543-544
  • 4.­546-549
  • 4.­552-553
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­82-86
  • 5.­92
  • 5.­106
  • 5.­158
  • 6.­1-2
  • 6.­4
  • 6.­6-8
  • 6.­10-13
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­22-24
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­44
  • 6.­46-47
  • 6.­49
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­80-85
  • 6.­88-91
  • n.­14
  • n.­64
  • n.­106
  • n.­122
  • n.­149
g.­75

bhikṣu

Wylie:
  • dge slong
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་སློང་།
Sanskrit:
  • bhikṣu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term bhikṣu, often translated as “monk,” refers to the highest among the eight types of prātimokṣa vows that make one part of the Buddhist assembly. The Sanskrit term literally means “beggar” or “mendicant,” referring to the fact that Buddhist monks and nuns‍—like other ascetics of the time‍—subsisted on alms (bhikṣā) begged from the laity.

In the Tibetan tradition, which follows the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, a monk follows 253 rules as part of his moral discipline. A nun (bhikṣuṇī; dge slong ma) follows 364 rules. A novice monk (śrāmaṇera; dge tshul) or nun (śrāmaṇerikā; dge tshul ma) follows thirty-six rules of moral discipline (although in other vinaya traditions novices typically follow only ten).

Located in 62 passages in the translation:

  • i.­28
  • i.­52
  • 1.­2
  • 2.­76
  • 2.­79
  • 3.­12-13
  • 3.­20-22
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­27-29
  • 3.­31-34
  • 3.­41-43
  • 3.­64
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­79-80
  • 3.­82-83
  • 3.­89
  • 3.­92-94
  • 3.­96-97
  • 3.­101
  • 3.­103-104
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­114-115
  • 3.­117
  • 3.­124
  • 3.­126-127
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­112
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­240
  • 4.­266-268
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­385
  • 4.­525
  • 4.­545-546
  • 5.­55
  • 6.­87
  • n.­106
g.­76

bhikṣuṇī

Wylie:
  • dge slong ma
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་སློང་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhikṣuṇī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term bhikṣuṇī, often translated as “nun,” refers to the highest among the eight types of prātimokṣa vows that make one part of the Buddhist assembly. The Sanskrit term bhikṣu (to which the female grammatical ending ṇī is added) literally means “beggar” or “mendicant,” referring to the fact that Buddhist nuns and monks‍—like other ascetics of the time‍—subsisted on alms (bhikṣā) begged from the laity. In the Tibetan tradition, which follows the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, a bhikṣuṇī follows 364 rules and a bhikṣu follows 253 rules as part of their moral discipline.

For the first few years of the Buddha’s teachings in India, there was no ordination for women. It started at the persistent request and display of determination of Mahāprajāpatī, the Buddha’s stepmother and aunt, together with five hundred former wives of men of Kapilavastu, who had themselves become monks. Mahāprajāpatī is thus considered to be the founder of the nun’s order.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­79
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­385
  • 4.­545-546
g.­77

bhūmi

Wylie:
  • sa
Tibetan:
  • ས།
Sanskrit:
  • bhūmi

A level of enlightenment; typically the ten levels of a bodhisattva’s development into a fully enlightened buddha.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­42-43
  • 2.­50
  • 2.­69
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­342
  • 4.­344
  • 4.­369
  • n.­315
  • g.­158
g.­79

bodhicitta

Wylie:
  • byang chub sems
Tibetan:
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས།
Sanskrit:
  • bodhicitta

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In the general Mahāyāna teachings the mind of awakening (bodhicitta) is the intention to attain the complete awakening of a perfect buddha for the sake of all beings. On the level of absolute truth, the mind of awakening is the realization of the awakened state itself.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­2
  • 4.­262
  • g.­302
g.­80

bodhisattva

Wylie:
  • byang chub sems dpa’
Tibetan:
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།
Sanskrit:
  • bodhisattva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A being who is dedicated to the cultivation and fulfilment of the altruistic intention to attain perfect buddhahood, traversing the ten bodhisattva levels (daśabhūmi, sa bcu). Bodhisattvas purposely opt to remain within cyclic existence in order to liberate all sentient beings, instead of simply seeking personal freedom from suffering. In terms of the view, they realize both the selflessness of persons and the selflessness of phenomena.

Located in 523 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1-3
  • i.­7-9
  • i.­13
  • i.­23-28
  • i.­35
  • i.­37
  • i.­39-41
  • i.­45-47
  • i.­49-50
  • i.­57-59
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­7-13
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­20-26
  • 2.­1-5
  • 2.­7-8
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­20-23
  • 2.­35-40
  • 2.­42-71
  • 2.­73
  • 2.­76-79
  • 2.­90-92
  • 2.­101
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­3-4
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­46-47
  • 3.­57-58
  • 3.­60-61
  • 4.­2-3
  • 4.­5-7
  • 4.­16-18
  • 4.­28-30
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­47-50
  • 4.­52-57
  • 4.­59-62
  • 4.­65
  • 4.­67-68
  • 4.­72-74
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­81
  • 4.­92-93
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­99
  • 4.­102
  • 4.­104-105
  • 4.­109
  • 4.­112
  • 4.­122
  • 4.­125-127
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­138
  • 4.­140-141
  • 4.­150-151
  • 4.­153-154
  • 4.­157
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­170
  • 4.­173
  • 4.­179
  • 4.­183-185
  • 4.­187
  • 4.­195
  • 4.­213-214
  • 4.­222
  • 4.­227
  • 4.­230
  • 4.­234
  • 4.­242
  • 4.­244
  • 4.­246
  • 4.­248-254
  • 4.­270
  • 4.­273
  • 4.­280
  • 4.­283-285
  • 4.­287-288
  • 4.­309-310
  • 4.­312-313
  • 4.­317-318
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­348
  • 4.­369
  • 4.­376-377
  • 4.­380
  • 4.­398-399
  • 4.­423
  • 4.­425
  • 4.­427
  • 4.­429
  • 4.­433
  • 4.­452
  • 4.­457
  • 4.­461-469
  • 4.­471
  • 4.­474
  • 4.­476-489
  • 4.­492
  • 4.­494-497
  • 4.­499
  • 4.­513
  • 4.­517
  • 4.­520-523
  • 4.­527-529
  • 4.­533
  • 4.­535
  • 4.­537
  • 4.­539
  • 4.­541-544
  • 4.­547
  • 4.­554-557
  • 5.­1-47
  • 5.­49-51
  • 5.­53-54
  • 5.­56-57
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81-83
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­114
  • 5.­123
  • 5.­146
  • 5.­154
  • 5.­158
  • 6.­7-8
  • 6.­10-16
  • 6.­19-21
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­36-37
  • 6.­39-40
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­49
  • 6.­51-53
  • 6.­56
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­62-63
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­72-73
  • 6.­77-78
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­85
  • 6.­88-90
  • n.­4
  • n.­30
  • n.­33
  • n.­51
  • n.­54
  • n.­56
  • n.­68
  • n.­78
  • n.­143
  • n.­145-146
  • n.­169
  • n.­178
  • n.­180
  • n.­190
  • n.­209
  • n.­229
  • n.­237
  • n.­251
  • n.­272
  • n.­283
  • n.­315
  • n.­325
  • n.­327
  • n.­358
  • n.­373-374
  • n.­389
  • n.­393
  • n.­394
  • n.­419
  • n.­447
  • n.­460
  • g.­1
  • g.­9
  • g.­14
  • g.­17
  • g.­22
  • g.­24
  • g.­26
  • g.­27
  • g.­30
  • g.­33
  • g.­35
  • g.­38
  • g.­40
  • g.­46
  • g.­60
  • g.­61
  • g.­65
  • g.­70
  • g.­73
  • g.­74
  • g.­77
  • g.­97
  • g.­102
  • g.­120
  • g.­121
  • g.­122
  • g.­158
  • g.­166
  • g.­168
  • g.­193
  • g.­198
  • g.­223
  • g.­229
  • g.­242
  • g.­243
  • g.­244
  • g.­245
  • g.­258
  • g.­293
  • g.­303
  • g.­307
  • g.­309
  • g.­310
  • g.­316
  • g.­317
  • g.­323
  • g.­330
  • g.­335
  • g.­347
  • g.­348
  • g.­379
  • g.­386
  • g.­387
  • g.­406
  • g.­408
  • g.­409
  • g.­414
  • g.­430
  • g.­455
  • g.­456
  • g.­462
  • g.­477
  • g.­480
  • g.­481
  • g.­489
  • g.­490
  • g.­494
  • g.­495
  • g.­497
  • g.­509
  • g.­513
  • g.­514
  • g.­533
  • g.­538
  • g.­539
  • g.­543
  • g.­561
  • g.­563
  • g.­566
  • g.­568
  • g.­569
  • g.­571
  • g.­593
  • g.­612
  • g.­617
  • g.­631
  • g.­632
  • g.­645
  • g.­659
  • g.­660
  • g.­666
  • g.­668
  • g.­669
  • g.­670
  • g.­673
  • g.­685
  • g.­691
  • g.­693
  • g.­695
  • g.­700
  • g.­702
  • g.­707
  • g.­711
  • g.­713
  • g.­726
  • g.­731
g.­82

Brahmā

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • brahmā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world; he is also considered to be the lord of the Sahā world (our universe). Though not considered a creator god in Buddhism, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two gods (the other being Indra/Śakra) said to have first exhorted the Buddha Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are many universes or world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them. His most frequent epithets are “Lord of the Sahā World” (sahāṃpati) and Great Brahmā (mahābrahman).

Located in 39 passages in the translation:

  • i.­30
  • i.­33-34
  • i.­48
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­8
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­40-41
  • 3.­44-45
  • 3.­101
  • 3.­105-108
  • 3.­124
  • 3.­129
  • 4.­44
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­294
  • 4.­298
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­358
  • 4.­502
  • 4.­509
  • 4.­527
  • 5.­102
  • 5.­120
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­85
  • n.­115
  • n.­127
  • n.­375
  • g.­87
  • g.­281
g.­89

brahmin

Wylie:
  • bram ze
Tibetan:
  • བྲམ་ཟེ།
Sanskrit:
  • brāhmaṇa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A member of the highest of the four castes in Indian society, which is closely associated with religious vocations.

Located in 192 passages in the translation:

  • i.­28
  • i.­39-40
  • i.­42-43
  • i.­53-54
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­34-36
  • 3.­40-42
  • 3.­44-49
  • 3.­51-52
  • 3.­54-56
  • 3.­59
  • 3.­65
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­71-82
  • 3.­84-90
  • 3.­92-94
  • 3.­98-99
  • 3.­101-102
  • 3.­108-109
  • 3.­116-118
  • 3.­123-124
  • 3.­127-128
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­19-20
  • 4.­27
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­86
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­125
  • 4.­150
  • 4.­176
  • 4.­181
  • 4.­191-192
  • 4.­195-197
  • 4.­199
  • 4.­202
  • 4.­205-206
  • 4.­208
  • 4.­210-218
  • 4.­221
  • 4.­224-226
  • 4.­230
  • 4.­232
  • 4.­235-237
  • 4.­240-241
  • 4.­245
  • 4.­248
  • 4.­256
  • 4.­258
  • 4.­264-265
  • 4.­267
  • 4.­269-273
  • 4.­282
  • 4.­286-287
  • 4.­289
  • 4.­292-293
  • 4.­304
  • 4.­306
  • 4.­308-309
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­328
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­417
  • 4.­457
  • 4.­459-460
  • 4.­476-478
  • 4.­496-497
  • 4.­500
  • 4.­503-505
  • 4.­508
  • 4.­510
  • 4.­519
  • 4.­522-523
  • 4.­535-536
  • 5.­118
  • 5.­129-132
  • 6.­85
  • n.­272
  • n.­285
  • n.­375
  • g.­65
  • g.­74
  • g.­121
  • g.­141
  • g.­207
  • g.­229
  • g.­257
  • g.­271
  • g.­307
  • g.­310
  • g.­428
  • g.­469
  • g.­470
  • g.­475
  • g.­502
  • g.­520
  • g.­522
  • g.­524
  • g.­525
  • g.­536
  • g.­537
  • g.­587
  • g.­619
  • g.­659
  • g.­660
  • g.­689
  • g.­690
  • g.­693
  • g.­713
g.­93

Cakravāḍa

Wylie:
  • khor yug
Tibetan:
  • ཁོར་ཡུག
Sanskrit:
  • cakravāḍa

Literally, “circular mass.” There are at least three interpretations of what this name refers to. In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra, it is a mountain that contains the hells. In that case it is equivalent to the Vaḍaba submarine mountain of fire, also said to be the entrance to the hells. More commonly it is the name of the outer ring of mountains at the edge of the flat disk that is the world, with Sumeru in the center. This is also equated with Vaḍaba, the heat of which evaporates the ocean so that it does not overflow. Jambudvīpa, the world of humans, is in this sea to Sumeru’s south. However, it is also used to mean the entire disk, including Meru and the paradises above it. The Tibetan here is just ’khor yug, but later on it is ’khor yug gi ri, which means the circle of mountains around the world.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­34
  • 3.­119
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­101
  • 5.­105
  • 6.­65
g.­94

cakravartin

Wylie:
  • ’khor los sgyur ba
Tibetan:
  • འཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • cakravartin

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

An ideal monarch or emperor who, as the result of the merit accumulated in previous lifetimes, rules over a vast realm in accordance with the Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he bears a wheel (cakra) that rolls (vartate) across the earth, bringing all lands and kingdoms under his power. The cakravartin conquers his territory without causing harm, and his activity causes beings to enter the path of wholesome actions. According to Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa, just as with the buddhas, only one cakravartin appears in a world system at any given time. They are likewise endowed with the thirty-two major marks of a great being (mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇa), but a cakravartin’s marks are outshined by those of a buddha. They possess seven precious objects: the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the wish-fulfilling gem, the queen, the general, and the minister. An illustrative passage about the cakravartin and his possessions can be found in The Play in Full (Toh 95), 3.3–3.13.

Vasubandhu lists four types of cakravartins: (1) the cakravartin with a golden wheel (suvarṇacakravartin) rules over four continents and is invited by lesser kings to be their ruler; (2) the cakravartin with a silver wheel (rūpyacakravartin) rules over three continents and his opponents submit to him as he approaches; (3) the cakravartin with a copper wheel (tāmracakravartin) rules over two continents and his opponents submit themselves after preparing for battle; and (4) the cakravartin with an iron wheel (ayaścakravartin) rules over one continent and his opponents submit themselves after brandishing weapons.

Located in 33 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2
  • i.­28
  • i.­52-54
  • 3.­5
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­41
  • 4.­107
  • 4.­334
  • 5.­56
  • 5.­62
  • 5.­67
  • 5.­73-74
  • 5.­93
  • 5.­109
  • 5.­124
  • 5.­129
  • n.­90
  • n.­115
  • g.­25
  • g.­60
  • g.­101
  • g.­111
  • g.­144
  • g.­323
  • g.­404
  • g.­423
  • g.­510
  • g.­516
  • g.­545
g.­98

Candanā

Wylie:
  • tsan dan
Tibetan:
  • ཙན་དན།
Sanskrit:
  • candanā

The distant southeastern realm of the Buddha Candrottama long ago in the past, which became Padmā in the time of the next Buddha, Padmottara.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­24
  • 2.­19-20
  • 2.­47
g.­106

Candrottama

Wylie:
  • zla ba dam pa
Tibetan:
  • ཟླ་བ་དམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • candrottama

The buddha preceding the Buddha Padmottara in a distant southeastern buddha realm.

Located in 14 passages in the translation:

  • i.­24
  • 2.­20-23
  • 2.­46-48
  • 2.­50-51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­72
  • n.­65
  • g.­98
g.­109

clairvoyance

Wylie:
  • mngon par shes pa
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • abhijñā

There are usually six clairvoyances: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, knowing what is in the minds of others, and knowing that all defects have been eliminated.

Located in 19 passages in the translation:

  • i.­53
  • 2.­6
  • 4.­96
  • 4.­157
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­250
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­347
  • 4.­371
  • 4.­373
  • 4.­376-377
  • 4.­498
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­113
  • 5.­118
  • 5.­154
  • 5.­158
  • n.­439
g.­113

dependent origination

Wylie:
  • rten cing ’brel bar ’byung ba
Tibetan:
  • རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • pratītyasamut­pāda

The relative nature of phenomena, which arises in dependence upon causes and conditions. Together with the four noble truths, this was the first teaching given by the Buddha.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­366
  • 4.­390
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­118
  • g.­418
g.­114

Deva

Wylie:
  • lha
Tibetan:
  • ལྷ།
Sanskrit:
  • deva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In the most general sense the devas‍—the term is cognate with the English divine‍—are a class of celestial beings who frequently appear in Buddhist texts, often at the head of the assemblies of nonhuman beings who attend and celebrate the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas and bodhisattvas. In Buddhist cosmology the devas occupy the highest of the five or six “destinies” (gati) of saṃsāra among which beings take rebirth. The devas reside in the devalokas, “heavens” that traditionally number between twenty-six and twenty-eight and are divided between the desire realm (kāmadhātu), form realm (rūpadhātu), and formless realm (ārūpyadhātu). A being attains rebirth among the devas either through meritorious deeds (in the desire realm) or the attainment of subtle meditative states (in the form and formless realms). While rebirth among the devas is considered favorable, it is ultimately a transitory state from which beings will fall when the conditions that lead to rebirth there are exhausted. Thus, rebirth in the god realms is regarded as a diversion from the spiritual path.

Located in 118 passages in the translation:

  • i.­14
  • i.­27
  • i.­33
  • 1.­3-5
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­26
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­54
  • 2.­76
  • 2.­79
  • 2.­81
  • 2.­83
  • 2.­93
  • 2.­96
  • 2.­101
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­50
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­85-86
  • 3.­88
  • 3.­90-97
  • 3.­101-104
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­117
  • 3.­119
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­125
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­44
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­81-82
  • 4.­113
  • 4.­116
  • 4.­124
  • 4.­156-158
  • 4.­160-161
  • 4.­248
  • 4.­287
  • 4.­289
  • 4.­292
  • 4.­296
  • 4.­304
  • 4.­306
  • 4.­320
  • 4.­327
  • 4.­329
  • 4.­335
  • 4.­346
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­391-392
  • 4.­405-406
  • 4.­416
  • 4.­459
  • 4.­467
  • 4.­486
  • 4.­495
  • 4.­534
  • 4.­540
  • 4.­549-550
  • 4.­556
  • 5.­69
  • 5.­93
  • 5.­101-105
  • 5.­114
  • 5.­120-121
  • 5.­127
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­85
  • 6.­91
  • n.­115
  • n.­119
  • n.­421
  • n.­423
  • n.­426
  • n.­428
  • g.­59
  • g.­62
  • g.­197
  • g.­288
  • g.­329
  • g.­471
  • g.­485
  • g.­545
  • g.­692
g.­119

dhāraṇī

Wylie:
  • gzungs
Tibetan:
  • གཟུངས།
Sanskrit:
  • dhāraṇī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term dhāraṇī has the sense of something that “holds” or “retains,” and so it can refer to the special capacity of practitioners to memorize and recall detailed teachings. It can also refer to a verbal expression of the teachings‍—an incantation, spell, or mnemonic formula‍—that distills and “holds” essential points of the Dharma and is used by practitioners to attain mundane and supramundane goals. The same term is also used to denote texts that contain such formulas.

Located in 67 passages in the translation:

  • i.­14
  • i.­18
  • i.­24-26
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­34-48
  • 2.­50
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­54-58
  • 2.­63-64
  • 2.­67-73
  • 2.­75-76
  • 2.­78
  • 2.­101-102
  • 3.­46
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­114
  • 4.­6-7
  • 4.­112
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­214
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­420
  • 4.­464
  • 4.­484
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­24
  • 5.­154
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­86
  • n.­51
  • n.­67
  • g.­10
g.­123

Dharma reciter

Wylie:
  • chos smra ba
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་སྨྲ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • dharmabhāṇaka

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Speaker or reciter of scriptures. In early Buddhism a section of the saṅgha would consist of bhāṇakas, who, particularly before the teachings were written down and were only transmitted orally, were a key factor in the preservation of the teachings. Various groups of dharmabhāṇakas specialized in memorizing and reciting a certain set of sūtras or vinaya.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­44
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­388
  • n.­60
g.­134

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Wylie:
  • yul ’khor srung
Tibetan:
  • ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • dhṛtarāṣṭra

One of the four mahārājas, he is the guardian deity for the east and traditionally lord of the gandharvas, though in this sūtra he appears to be king of the nāgas. There is a Dhṛtarāṣṭra in each four-continent world.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­6
  • 3.­84-85
  • 6.­14
  • g.­314
g.­139

dhyāna

Wylie:
  • bsam gtan
Tibetan:
  • བསམ་གཏན།
Sanskrit:
  • dhyāna

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Dhyāna is defined as one-pointed abiding in an undistracted state of mind, free from afflicted mental states. Four states of dhyāna are identified as being conducive to birth within the form realm. In the context of the Mahāyāna, it is the fifth of the six perfections. It is commonly translated as “concentration,” “meditative concentration,” and so on.

Located in 61 passages in the translation:

  • i.­58
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­24
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­91
  • 3.­22
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­55
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­102
  • 4.­108
  • 4.­112
  • 4.­153-154
  • 4.­157
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­214-217
  • 4.­243
  • 4.­251
  • 4.­294
  • 4.­315-316
  • 4.­318
  • 4.­326
  • 4.­336
  • 4.­345
  • 4.­348
  • 4.­358
  • 4.­372
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­385
  • 4.­407-408
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­52
  • 5.­113
  • 5.­118
  • 6.­22
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • n.­30
  • n.­340
  • g.­87
  • g.­151
  • g.­156
  • g.­397
  • g.­501
  • g.­581
  • g.­582
  • g.­583
  • g.­584
  • g.­585
  • g.­586
  • g.­718
g.­149

emptiness

Wylie:
  • stong pa nyid
Tibetan:
  • སྟོང་པ་ཉིད།
Sanskrit:
  • śunyatā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Emptiness denotes the ultimate nature of reality, the total absence of inherent existence and self-identity with respect to all phenomena. According to this view, all things and events are devoid of any independent, intrinsic reality that constitutes their essence. Nothing can be said to exist independent of the complex network of factors that gives rise to its origination, nor are phenomena independent of the cognitive processes and mental constructs that make up the conventional framework within which their identity and existence are posited. When all levels of conceptualization dissolve and when all forms of dichotomizing tendencies are quelled through deliberate meditative deconstruction of conceptual elaborations, the ultimate nature of reality will finally become manifest. It is the first of the three gateways to liberation.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­3
  • 2.­67-68
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­153-154
  • 4.­164
  • 4.­169
  • 4.­316
  • 4.­367
  • 4.­369
  • 4.­384-385
  • 4.­390
  • 5.­3
g.­150

excellent features

Wylie:
  • dpe byad bzang po
Tibetan:
  • དཔེ་བྱད་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • anuvyañjana

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The eighty secondary physical characteristics of a buddha and of other great beings (mahāpuruṣa), which include such details as the redness of the fingernails and the blackness of the hair. They are considered “minor” in terms of being secondary to the thirty-two major marks or signs of a great being.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22
  • 2.­93
  • 2.­98
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­110
  • 4.­278
  • 4.­359
g.­151

factors of enlightenment

Wylie:
  • byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos
Tibetan:
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས།
Sanskrit:
  • bodhi­pakṣaka­dharma

These are (1–4) the four mindfulnesses, which are of body, sensations, mind, and phenomena; (5–8) the four eliminations, which are eliminating the bad that has been created, not creating the bad that has not been created, creating good that has not been created, and increasing what good has been created; (9–12) the four bases of miracles, which are aspiration, diligence, contemplation, and analysis; (13–17) the five powers, which are faith, diligence, mindfulness, meditation, and wisdom; (18–22) the five strengths, which are also faith, diligence, mindfulness, meditation, and wisdom; (23– 29) the seven branches of awakening, which are mindfulness, wisdom, diligence, joy, being well trained, meditation, and equanimity; and (30–37) the eight branches of the noble path, which are right view, thought, speech, effort, livelihood, mindfulness, meditation, and action.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­14
  • 2.­39
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­69
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­263
  • n.­56
g.­152

fearlessness

Wylie:
  • mi ’jigs pa
Tibetan:
  • མི་འཇིགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • vaiśaradya

This refers to the four confidences or fearlessnesses of the Buddha: confidence in having attained realization; confidence in having attained elimination; confidence in teaching the Dharma; and confidence in teaching the path of aspiration to liberation.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • i.­58
  • 2.­3
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­277
  • 4.­355
  • 4.­376
  • 4.­378
  • 4.­384
  • 5.­47
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­106
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­86
  • g.­140
  • g.­161
g.­153

five actions with immediate results at death

Wylie:
  • mtshams med pa lnga
Tibetan:
  • མཚམས་མེད་པ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcānantarya

The five actions that lead to going instantly to hell on death are killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an arhat, splitting the saṅgha, and wounding a buddha so that he bleeds.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­43
  • 2.­69
g.­154

five degeneracies

Wylie:
  • snyigs ma lnga
Tibetan:
  • སྙིགས་མ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcakaṣāya

The degeneration of lifespan, view, kleśas, beings, and time.

Located in 53 passages in the translation:

  • i.­9
  • 3.­1-2
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­61-62
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­153-155
  • 4.­157-158
  • 4.­225-227
  • 4.­246
  • 4.­255
  • 4.­328
  • 4.­359
  • 4.­400
  • 4.­402-403
  • 4.­466
  • 4.­468
  • 4.­485
  • 4.­487
  • 4.­515-517
  • 4.­519-520
  • 4.­524
  • 4.­542
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­81-84
  • 5.­109
  • 5.­116-118
  • 5.­122-124
  • 5.­126
  • 5.­145
  • 5.­147
  • 5.­151-152
  • n.­83-84
  • g.­293
g.­158

forbearance that comes from realizing the birthlessness of phenomena

Wylie:
  • mi skye ba’i chos la bzod pa
  • mi skye ba’i chos kyi bzod pa
Tibetan:
  • མི་སྐྱེ་བའི་ཆོས་ལ་བཟོད་པ།
  • མི་སྐྱེ་བའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བཟོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • anutpattikadharmakṣānti

This is often also interpreted as the acceptance that phenomena are birthless (or nonarising), but strictly speaking the acceptance is not so much an acquiescence regarding the view of nonarising itself as the forbearance regarding phenomena themselves (and the difficulties they may present) that is made possible by realizing that they are birthless. This is said to occur on the first, or in some texts the sixth, bhūmi. It enables bodhisattvas to bear any difficulties entailed by remaining within saṃsāra for eons, and is often said to coincide with the attainment of irreversibility in their progress toward enlightenment.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­54
  • 4.­374
  • 5.­49-50
  • g.­10
g.­160

four attractive qualities

Wylie:
  • yid du ’ong ba’i chos bzhi
Tibetan:
  • ཡིད་དུ་འོང་བའི་ཆོས་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • catuḥ­saṅgrahavastu

Buddhas attract disciples through generosity, speaking pleasantly, consistency in action, and acting altruistically.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­45
g.­161

four confidences

Wylie:
  • mi 'jigs pa bzhi
Tibetan:
  • མི་འཇིགས་པ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturvaiśāradya

The four types of fearlessness possessed by all buddhas: They have full confidence that (1) they are fully awakened; (2) they have removed all defilements; (3) they have taught about the obstacles to liberation; and (4) have shown the path to liberation.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­73
  • g.­152
g.­166

Gaganamudra

Wylie:
  • nam mkha’i phyag rgya
Tibetan:
  • ནམ་མཁའི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ།
Sanskrit:
  • gaganamudra

The bodhisattva who was Abhaya, the fifth son of King Araṇemin. As prophesied, he became a pupil of the Buddha Candrottara. After Candrottara’s passing, he became the Buddha Padmottara in the southeastern buddha realm, Padmā, and he is present there during Śākyamuni’s lifetime.

Located in 20 passages in the translation:

  • i.­24
  • i.­37
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­48-51
  • 2.­53-54
  • 4.­92-93
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­187
  • 4.­425
  • n.­209
  • n.­327
  • g.­1
  • g.­386
g.­168

Gandhahasti

Wylie:
  • spos kyi glang po che
Tibetan:
  • སྤོས་ཀྱི་གླང་པོ་ཆེ།
Sanskrit:
  • gandhahasti

The bodhisattva who was Himaṇi, the tenth son of King Araṇemin.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 4.­177-179
  • 4.­181
  • 4.­437
  • n.­255
  • g.­193
g.­172

gandharva

Wylie:
  • dri za
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་ཟ།
Sanskrit:
  • gandharva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of generally benevolent nonhuman beings who inhabit the skies, sometimes said to inhabit fantastic cities in the clouds, and more specifically to dwell on the eastern slopes of Mount Meru, where they are ruled by the Great King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. They are most renowned as celestial musicians who serve the gods. In the Abhidharma, the term is also used to refer to the mental body assumed by sentient beings during the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Gandharvas are said to live on fragrances (gandha) in the desire realm, hence the Tibetan translation dri za, meaning “scent eater.”

Located in 24 passages in the translation:

  • i.­33
  • i.­57
  • 1.­6
  • 2.­79
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­84
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­287
  • 4.­304
  • 4.­405-406
  • 4.­459
  • 4.­467
  • 4.­486
  • 4.­540
  • 4.­556
  • 6.­22-23
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­85
  • 6.­91
  • n.­40
  • g.­134
  • g.­391
g.­183

great elephants

Wylie:
  • glang po chen po
Tibetan:
  • གླང་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahānāga

Mahānāga here could be a middle-Indic word possibly originating from the Sanskrit mahānagna, meaning “a great champion,” “a man of distinction and nobility.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­2
g.­193

Himaṇi

Wylie:
  • gangs kyi nor bu
Tibetan:
  • གངས་ཀྱི་ནོར་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • himaṇi

The tenth son of King Araṇemin who becomes the bodhisattva Gandhahasti and is prophesied to become the Buddha Suvarṇapuṣpa.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 4.­176
  • n.­254
  • g.­168
  • g.­623
g.­195

in-between worlds

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten gyi bar
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་བར།
Sanskrit:
  • lokāntarika

Permanently dark places in between the four continents.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­11
  • 6.­65
g.­197

Indra

Wylie:
  • dbang po
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • indra

The lord of the devas, a principal deity in the Vedas. With Brahma, he was one of the two most important deities during the Buddha’s lifetime. He was later eclipsed by the increasing importance of Śiva and Viṣṇu. See also Śakra.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­18
  • 3.­129
  • n.­426
  • g.­82
  • g.­110
  • g.­485
g.­205

intermediate eon

Wylie:
  • bar gyi bskal pa
Tibetan:
  • བར་གྱི་བསྐལ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • antarakalpa

This eon is one cycle of the increase and decrease of the life span of beings. It is also called “a small eon.” It consists of four ages, or yugas, and the last is the kaliyuga.

Located in 28 passages in the translation:

  • i.­24
  • 2.­17-18
  • 2.­20-22
  • 2.­48-50
  • 2.­52-54
  • 4.­13-14
  • 4.­147
  • 4.­246
  • 4.­274-276
  • 4.­278
  • 4.­394-396
  • n.­68
  • n.­174
  • g.­196
  • g.­344
  • g.­721
g.­206

irreversibility

Wylie:
  • phyir mi ldog pa
Tibetan:
  • ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • avaivartikatva

A stage in the gradual progression toward buddhahood, from which one will no longer regress to lower states.

Located in 23 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­50
  • 2.­52
  • 3.­47
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­387-388
  • 4.­393
  • 4.­396-397
  • 4.­473
  • 4.­491
  • 4.­548-549
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­50
  • 6.­25-26
  • 6.­75-76
  • 6.­89-90
  • n.­462
  • g.­158
g.­211

Jambudvīpa

Wylie:
  • ’dzam bu’i gling
Tibetan:
  • འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་།
Sanskrit:
  • jambudvīpa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can signify either the known human world, or more specifically the Indian subcontinent, literally “the jambu island/continent.” Jambu is the name used for a range of plum-like fruits from trees belonging to the genus Szygium, particularly Szygium jambos and Szygium cumini, and it has commonly been rendered “rose apple,” although “black plum” may be a less misleading term. Among various explanations given for the continent being so named, one (in the Abhidharmakośa) is that a jambu tree grows in its northern mountains beside Lake Anavatapta, mythically considered the source of the four great rivers of India, and that the continent is therefore named from the tree or the fruit. Jambudvīpa has the Vajrāsana at its center and is the only continent upon which buddhas attain awakening.

Located in 39 passages in the translation:

  • i.­29
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­44
  • 3.­79
  • 3.­90-94
  • 3.­96-97
  • 3.­114
  • 4.­292
  • 5.­62-64
  • 5.­73
  • 5.­93
  • 5.­95-98
  • 5.­108-109
  • 5.­113-116
  • 5.­118-119
  • 5.­124
  • 5.­129
  • 5.­141-142
  • 5.­148
  • g.­93
  • g.­474
  • g.­664
g.­218

Jayasoma

Wylie:
  • rgyal ba’i zla ba
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་བའི་ཟླ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • jayasoma

The future name of the eastern realm Abhirati when the Buddhas Akṣobhya and Suvarṇapuṣpa are succeeded by the Buddha Nāga­vinarditeśvara­ghoṣa.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­182
  • g.­5
  • g.­361
  • g.­561
g.­221

jina

Wylie:
  • rgyal ba
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • jina AD

A common epithet of the buddhas, and also used by the Jains, hence their name. It means “the victorious one.”

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­14
  • 4.­37
  • 4.­94
  • 4.­124
  • 4.­127
  • 4.­223
  • 4.­273
  • 4.­301
  • 4.­326-327
  • 4.­399
  • 4.­404
  • 5.­64
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­90-91
g.­222

Jinamitra

Wylie:
  • dzi na mi tra
Tibetan:
  • ཛི་ན་མི་ཏྲ།
Sanskrit:
  • jinamitra

Jinamitra was invited to Tibet during the reign of King Trisong Detsen (r. 742–98 ᴄᴇ) and was involved with the translation of nearly two hundred texts, continuing into the reign of King Ralpachen (r. 815–38 ᴄᴇ). He was among the small group of paṇḍitas responsible for the Mahā­vyutpatti Sanskrit–Tibetan dictionary.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­12
  • c.­1
g.­262

Kāla

Wylie:
  • nag po
Tibetan:
  • ནག་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • kāla

The Kāla Mountains of Bharatavarṣa (i.e., India).

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22
  • 2.­11
  • 4.­5
g.­264

kaliyuga

Wylie:
  • rtsod pa’i dus
Tibetan:
  • རྩོད་པའི་དུས།
Sanskrit:
  • kaliyuga

The fourth in a repeating cycle of four ages, in which the lives of beings are short and the world is afflicted by famine, illness, and war.

Located in 29 passages in the translation:

  • i.­9
  • i.­40
  • i.­45
  • i.­47
  • i.­51
  • 4.­240-241
  • 4.­245
  • 4.­287
  • 4.­303
  • 4.­305
  • 4.­309
  • 4.­400
  • 4.­402-403
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­454
  • 4.­466
  • 4.­468
  • 4.­485
  • 4.­487
  • 4.­517
  • 4.­542
  • g.­205
  • g.­231
  • g.­249
  • g.­256
  • g.­348
  • g.­449
g.­287

kleśa

Wylie:
  • nyon mongs
Tibetan:
  • ཉོན་མོངས།
Sanskrit:
  • kleśa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure and lead to unwholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind, acting as causes for continued existence in saṃsāra. Included among them are the primary afflictions of desire (rāga), anger (dveṣa), and ignorance (avidyā). It is said that there are eighty-four thousand of these negative mental qualities, for which the eighty-four thousand categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote.

Kleśa is also commonly translated as “negative emotions,” “disturbing emotions,” and so on. The Pāli kilesa, Middle Indic kileśa, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit kleśa all primarily mean “stain” or “defilement.” The translation “affliction” is a secondary development that derives from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of √kliś (“to harm,“ “to afflict”). Both meanings are noted by Buddhist commentators.

Located in 69 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 2.­5-6
  • 2.­10
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­55
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­27
  • 4.­32
  • 4.­72
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­94
  • 4.­112
  • 4.­124
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­139
  • 4.­209
  • 4.­214
  • 4.­217
  • 4.­227
  • 4.­231
  • 4.­233
  • 4.­246
  • 4.­260
  • 4.­262
  • 4.­274-276
  • 4.­279
  • 4.­282
  • 4.­287
  • 4.­290
  • 4.­296
  • 4.­303
  • 4.­305
  • 4.­313
  • 4.­335
  • 4.­346
  • 4.­353
  • 4.­355-356
  • 4.­369
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­402-403
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­432
  • 4.­436
  • 4.­446
  • 4.­448
  • 4.­454
  • 4.­458
  • 4.­466
  • 4.­468
  • 4.­485
  • 4.­487
  • 4.­522
  • 4.­525
  • 4.­533
  • 4.­542
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­31
  • 5.­76
  • 6.­86
  • n.­229
  • n.­298
  • n.­318
  • g.­154
g.­296

kumbhāṇḍa

Wylie:
  • grul bum
Tibetan:
  • གྲུལ་བུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • kumbhāṇḍa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of dwarf beings subordinate to Virūḍhaka, one of the Four Great Kings, associated with the southern direction. The name uses a play on the word aṇḍa, which means “egg” but is also a euphemism for a testicle. Thus, they are often depicted as having testicles as big as pots (from kumbha, or “pot”).

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • i.­33
  • 1.­6
  • 2.­36
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­84
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­347
  • 4.­411
  • 4.­550
  • g.­723
g.­300

kūṭāgāra

Wylie:
  • khang pa brtsegs pa
Tibetan:
  • ཁང་པ་བརྩེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • kūṭāgāra

Distinctive Indian assembly hall or temple with one ground-floor room and a high ornamental roof, sometimes a barrel shape with apses but more usually a tapering roof, tower, or spire, it contains at least one additional upper room within the structure. Kūṭāgāra literally means “upper chamber” and is short for kūṭāgāraśala, “hall with an upper chamber or chambers.” The Mahābodhi temple in Bodhgaya is an example of a kūṭāgāra.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­15-17
  • 2.­53
  • 3.­14-15
  • 3.­89-91
  • 4.­159
g.­304

lotsawa

Wylie:
  • lots+tsha ba
Tibetan:
  • ལོཙྪ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • locāva

Honorific term for a Tibetan translator.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • c.­1
g.­306

Magadha

Wylie:
  • ma ga dha
Tibetan:
  • མ་ག་དྷ།
Sanskrit:
  • magadha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

An ancient Indian kingdom that lay to the south of the Ganges River in what today is the state of Bihar. Magadha was the largest of the sixteen “great states” (mahājanapada) that flourished between the sixth and third centuries ʙᴄᴇ in northern India. During the life of the Buddha Śākyamuni, it was ruled by King Bimbisāra and later by Bimbisāra's son, Ajātaśatru. Its capital was initially Rājagṛha (modern-day Rajgir) but was later moved to Pāṭaliputra (modern-day Patna). Over the centuries, with the expansion of the Magadha’s might, it became the capital of the vast Mauryan empire and seat of the great King Aśoka.

This region is home to many of the most important Buddhist sites, including Bodh Gayā, where the Buddha attained awakening; Vulture Peak (Gṛdhra­kūṭa), where the Buddha bestowed many well-known Mahāyāna sūtras; and the Buddhist university of Nālandā that flourished between the fifth and twelfth centuries ᴄᴇ, among many others.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­23
  • g.­436
g.­308

Mahācakravāḍa

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten gyi bar dag
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་བར་དག
Sanskrit:
  • mahācakravāḍa

Name of a mountain range in Buddhist cosmology.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22
  • 2.­34
  • 3.­119
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­101
  • 6.­65
g.­310

Mahākāruṇika

Wylie:
  • thugs rje chen po dang ldan pa
Tibetan:
  • ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་དང་ལྡན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahākāruṇika

The bodhisattva name given to the brahmin Samudrareṇu (who would eventually become the Buddha Śākyamuni) on account of his great compassion for beings. It means “One Who Has Great Compassion.”

Located in 54 passages in the translation:

  • i.­45-51
  • 4.­464
  • 4.­467
  • 4.­469-470
  • 4.­484
  • 4.­488
  • 4.­496
  • 4.­524-526
  • 4.­528-534
  • 4.­536-537
  • 4.­539
  • 4.­541-547
  • 4.­554-556
  • 5.­1-3
  • 5.­47
  • 5.­51
  • 5.­53-54
  • 5.­56-58
  • 5.­72
  • g.­223
  • g.­303
  • g.­316
  • g.­568
  • g.­569
  • g.­571
g.­314

mahārāja

Wylie:
  • rgyal po chen po
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahārāja

Deities on the base of Mount Meru, each one the guardian of his direction: Vaiśravaṇa in the north, Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the east, Virūpākṣa in the west, and Virūḍhaka in the south.

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • i.­33
  • 1.­5-6
  • 3.­72
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­79
  • 3.­81
  • 3.­84
  • g.­134
  • g.­671
  • g.­723
  • g.­724
g.­316

mahāsattva

Wylie:
  • sems dpa’ chen po
Tibetan:
  • སེམས་དཔའ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāsattva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term can be understood to mean “great courageous one” or "great hero,” or (from the Sanskrit) simply “great being,” and is almost always found as an epithet of “bodhisattva.” The qualification “great” in this term, according to the majority of canonical definitions, focuses on the generic greatness common to all bodhisattvas, i.e., the greatness implicit in the bodhisattva vow itself in terms of outlook, aspiration, number of beings to be benefited, potential or eventual accomplishments, and so forth. In this sense the mahā- (“great”) is close in its connotations to the mahā- in “Mahāyāna.” While individual bodhisattvas described as mahāsattva may in many cases also be “great” in terms of their level of realization, this is largely coincidental, and in the canonical texts the epithet is not restricted to bodhisattvas at any particular point in their career. Indeed, in a few cases even bodhisattvas whose path has taken a wrong direction are still described as bodhisattva mahāsattva.

Later commentarial writings do nevertheless define the term‍—variably‍—in terms of bodhisattvas having attained a particular level (bhūmi) or realization. The most common qualifying criteria mentioned are attaining the path of seeing, attaining irreversibility (according to its various definitions), or attaining the seventh bhūmi.

In this text:

In chapter 4 of this text (see 4.­513) the Buddha Ratnagarbha states that bodhisattvas who have vowed to attain awakening under relatively easier circumstances do not deserve the title mahāsattva, which should be reserved for those like Mahākāruṇika who have vowed to attain awakening only in the most degenerate and difficult times and places. However, this statement is best taken as highlighting a specific point of perspective rather than as a general gloss, since throughout the text the term is nevertheless used‍—just as it is in most Mahāyāna sūtras‍—as an epithet for bodhisattvas in general regardless of their individual status, qualities, or aspirations.

Located in 132 passages in the translation:

  • i.­9
  • i.­47
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­7-9
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­22-23
  • 1.­25
  • 2.­2-4
  • 2.­7-8
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­21-23
  • 2.­35-36
  • 2.­38-39
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­45-51
  • 2.­53-71
  • 2.­76
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­46
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­60-61
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­16-17
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­105
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­287
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­380
  • 4.­399
  • 4.­457
  • 4.­461
  • 4.­463-464
  • 4.­467-469
  • 4.­471
  • 4.­478-484
  • 4.­486-489
  • 4.­496
  • 4.­499
  • 4.­513
  • 4.­516-517
  • 4.­521-523
  • 4.­537
  • 4.­539
  • 4.­542-544
  • 4.­547
  • 4.­554-556
  • 5.­1-5
  • 5.­47
  • 5.­50-51
  • 5.­53-54
  • 5.­56-57
  • 5.­114
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­56
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­88
  • n.­38-39
  • n.­56
  • n.­68
  • n.­145-146
  • n.­393
  • n.­394
  • n.­448
g.­317

Mahāsthāmaprāpta

Wylie:
  • mthu chen thob
Tibetan:
  • མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāsthāmaprāpta

One of the two principal bodhisattvas in Sukhāvatī and prominent in Chinese Buddhism. In Tibetan Buddhism he is identified with Vajrapāṇi, though they are separate bodhisattvas in the sūtras. The second of the thousand sons of King Araṇemin, on becoming a bodhisattva, is given the name Mahāsthāmaprāpta, and as such in the future will be in Sukhāvatī as that bodhisattva when his father becomes the Buddha Amitābha. He will eventually become the Buddha Supra­tiṣṭhita­guṇa­maṇikūṭa­rāja in that realm.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2
  • i.­13
  • i.­37
  • 4.­40
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­421
  • n.­185
  • g.­379
  • g.­612
g.­319

Mahāyāna

Wylie:
  • theg pa chen po
Tibetan:
  • ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāyāna AD

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

When the Buddhist teachings are classified according to their power to lead beings to an awakened state, a distinction is made between the teachings of the Lesser Vehicle (Hīnayāna), which emphasizes the individual’s own freedom from cyclic existence as the primary motivation and goal, and those of the Great Vehicle (Mahāyāna), which emphasizes altruism and has the liberation of all sentient beings as the principal objective. As the term “Great Vehicle” implies, the path followed by bodhisattvas is analogous to a large carriage that can transport a vast number of people to liberation, as compared to a smaller vehicle for the individual practitioner.

Located in 47 passages in the translation:

  • i.­3
  • i.­10-11
  • i.­13
  • i.­29
  • i.­35
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­26-27
  • 2.­102
  • 3.­44
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­125
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­249
  • 4.­342
  • 4.­344
  • 4.­352
  • 4.­360
  • 4.­364
  • 4.­366
  • 4.­369
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­380-382
  • 4.­390
  • 4.­462
  • 4.­479
  • 4.­481
  • 4.­495
  • 4.­498
  • 4.­510
  • 4.­513
  • 4.­543
  • 4.­557
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­159
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­92
  • n.­3
  • n.­369
  • g.­316
  • g.­493
  • g.­575
g.­321

Maheśvara

Wylie:
  • dbang phyug chen po
Tibetan:
  • དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • maheśvara

One of the most frequently used names for Śiva.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • i.­13
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­361
  • 6.­14
  • n.­11
  • g.­573
g.­323

Maitreya

Wylie:
  • byams pa
Tibetan:
  • བྱམས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • maitreya

The bodhisattva who became Śākyamuni’s regent and is prophesied to be the next buddha, the fifth buddha in the Bhadraka eon. In early Buddhism he appears as the human disciple sent to pay his respects by his teacher, and the Buddha gives him the gift of a robe and prophesies he will be the next Buddha, while his companion Ajita will be the next cakravartin. As a bodhisattva he has both of these names. In The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra, the Buddha Ratnagarbha prophesies that Vimalavaiśayana, the fourth of the thousand young Veda-reciting pupils of Samudrareṇu, will be the Buddha Maitreya.

Located in 18 passages in the translation:

  • i.­16
  • i.­26
  • i.­41
  • i.­58-59
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­8-9
  • 2.­76
  • 2.­78
  • 4.­255
  • 4.­258
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­88
  • g.­489
  • g.­544
  • g.­712
g.­330

Mañjuśrī

Wylie:
  • ’jam dpal
Tibetan:
  • འཇམ་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • mañjuśrī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Mañjuśrī is one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha” and a bodhisattva who embodies wisdom. He is a major figure in the Mahāyāna sūtras, appearing often as an interlocutor of the Buddha. In his most well-known iconographic form, he is portrayed bearing the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā­pāramitā­sūtra in his left. To his name, Mañjuśrī, meaning “Gentle and Glorious One,” is often added the epithet Kumārabhūta, “having a youthful form.” He is also called Mañjughoṣa, Mañjusvara, and Pañcaśikha.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • i.­37
  • 4.­69-73
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­423
  • n.­202
  • g.­198
  • g.­331
  • g.­497
  • g.­593
g.­334

Māra

Wylie:
  • bdud
Tibetan:
  • བདུད།
Sanskrit:
  • māra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Māra, literally “death” or “maker of death,” is the name of the deva who tried to prevent the Buddha from achieving awakening, the name given to the class of beings he leads, and also an impersonal term for the destructive forces that keep beings imprisoned in saṃsāra:

(1) As a deva, Māra is said to be the principal deity in the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations (paranirmitavaśavartin), the highest paradise in the desire realm. He famously attempted to prevent the Buddha’s awakening under the Bodhi tree‍—see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 21.1‍—and later sought many times to thwart the Buddha’s activity. In the sūtras, he often also creates obstacles to the progress of śrāvakas and bodhisattvas. (2) The devas ruled over by Māra are collectively called mārakāyika or mārakāyikadevatā, the “deities of Māra’s family or class.” In general, these māras too do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra, but can also change their ways and even end up developing faith in the Buddha, as exemplified by Sārthavāha; see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 21.14 and 21.43. (3) The term māra can also be understood as personifying four defects that prevent awakening, called (i) the divine māra (devaputra­māra), which is the distraction of pleasures; (ii) the māra of Death (mṛtyumāra), which is having one’s life interrupted; (iii) the māra of the aggregates (skandhamāra), which is identifying with the five aggregates; and (iv) the māra of the afflictions (kleśamāra), which is being under the sway of the negative emotions of desire, hatred, and ignorance.

Located in 30 passages in the translation:

  • i.­33
  • 2.­6
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­100
  • 3.­105-107
  • 4.­157
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­353
  • 4.­363
  • 4.­369
  • 4.­378
  • 4.­432
  • 4.­446
  • 4.­525
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­102
  • 5.­106
  • 5.­153
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­85
  • n.­115
  • n.­119
  • n.­245
  • g.­72
  • g.­165
  • g.­425
g.­342

Meru

Wylie:
  • lhun po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • meru

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

According to ancient Buddhist cosmology, this is the great mountain forming the axis of the universe. At its summit is Sudarśana, home of Śakra and his thirty-two gods, and on its flanks live the asuras. The mount has four sides facing the cardinal directions, each of which is made of a different precious stone. Surrounding it are several mountain ranges and the great ocean where the four principal island continents lie: in the south, Jambudvīpa (our world); in the west, Godānīya; in the north, Uttarakuru; and in the east, Pūrvavideha. Above it are the abodes of the desire realm gods. It is variously referred to as Meru, Mount Meru, Sumeru, and Mount Sumeru.

Located in 11 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­295
  • 4.­371
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­87
  • 5.­104-105
  • n.­335
  • n.­380
  • g.­93
  • g.­314
  • g.­754
g.­352

Mīḍhapāṣāṇa

Wylie:
  • rdo ba mi gtsang ba
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་བ་མི་གཙང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • mīḍhapāṣāṇa

Unidentified mountains.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­11
g.­358

nāga

Wylie:
  • klu
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nāga

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings who live in subterranean aquatic environments, where they guard wealth and sometimes also teachings. Nāgas are associated with serpents and have a snakelike appearance. In Buddhist art and in written accounts, they are regularly portrayed as half human and half snake, and they are also said to have the ability to change into human form. Some nāgas are Dharma protectors, but they can also bring retribution if they are disturbed. They may likewise fight one another, wage war, and destroy the lands of others by causing lightning, hail, and flooding.

Located in 46 passages in the translation:

  • i.­14
  • i.­27
  • i.­33
  • i.­54
  • 1.­5-6
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­79
  • 2.­85
  • 2.­88
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­84
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­153
  • 4.­297
  • 4.­299
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­343
  • 4.­347
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­406
  • 4.­534
  • 4.­550
  • 5.­57
  • 5.­103
  • 5.­114-115
  • 5.­120-121
  • 5.­125-126
  • 5.­141-142
  • 5.­145
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­85
  • n.­236
  • n.­421
  • n.­433
  • g.­134
  • g.­367
  • g.­376
  • g.­724
g.­361

Nāga­vinarditeśvara­ghoṣa

Wylie:
  • glang po rnam par bsgrags pa’i dbang phyug dbyangs
Tibetan:
  • གླང་པོ་རྣམ་པར་བསྒྲགས་པའི་དབང་ཕྱུག་དབྱངས།
Sanskrit:
  • nāga­vinarditeśvara­ghoṣa

The buddha who succeeds the Buddhas Akṣobhya and Suvarṇapuṣpa in the realm Abhirati, by then renamed Jayasoma, as prophesied of King Araṇemin’s eleventh son, Siṃha.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 4.­182
  • g.­5
  • g.­218
  • g.­455
  • g.­561
g.­369

Nārāyaṇa

Wylie:
  • sred med kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nārāyaṇa

An alternate name for Viṣṇu (khyab ’jug).

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • i.­13
  • 2.­51
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­106
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­362
  • 4.­371
  • n.­11
  • n.­332
g.­379

Nimi

Wylie:
  • mu khyud
Tibetan:
  • མུ་ཁྱུད།
Sanskrit:
  • nimi

The second of the thousand sons of King Araṇemin, who in becoming a bodhisattva is given the name Mahāsthāmaprāpta, and as such in the future will be in Sukhāvatī as that bodhisattva when his father becomes the Buddha Amitābha. He will eventually become in that realm the Buddha Supra­tiṣṭhita­guṇa­maṇikūṭa­rāja.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 3.­120
  • 4.­38-39
  • n.­155
  • g.­612
g.­381

nirvāṇa

Wylie:
  • mya ngan las ’das pa
Tibetan:
  • མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • nirvāṇa AD

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Sanskrit, the term nirvāṇa literally means “extinguishment” and the Tibetan mya ngan las ’das pa literally means “gone beyond sorrow.” As a general term, it refers to the cessation of all suffering, afflicted mental states (kleśa), and causal processes (karman) that lead to rebirth and suffering in cyclic existence, as well as to the state in which all such rebirth and suffering has permanently ceased.

More specifically, three main types of nirvāṇa are identified. (1) The first type of nirvāṇa, called nirvāṇa with remainder (sopadhiśeṣanirvāṇa), is the state in which arhats or buddhas have attained awakening but are still dependent on the conditioned aggregates until their lifespan is exhausted. (2) At the end of life, given that there are no more causes for rebirth, these aggregates cease and no new aggregates arise. What occurs then is called nirvāṇa without remainder ( anupadhiśeṣanirvāṇa), which refers to the unconditioned element (dhātu) of nirvāṇa in which there is no remainder of the aggregates. (3) The Mahāyāna teachings distinguish the final nirvāṇa of buddhas from that of arhats, the nirvāṇa of arhats not being considered ultimate. The buddhas attain what is called nonabiding nirvāṇa (apratiṣṭhitanirvāṇa), which transcends the extremes of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa, i.e., existence and peace. This is the nirvāṇa that is the goal of the Mahāyāna path.

Located in 39 passages in the translation:

  • i.­26
  • i.­50
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­78
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­55
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­66
  • 4.­68
  • 4.­106-107
  • 4.­217
  • 4.­227
  • 4.­233
  • 4.­277-278
  • 4.­288
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­330
  • 4.­335
  • 4.­338
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­384-385
  • 4.­410
  • 4.­544
  • 5.­54-55
  • 5.­69
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­84-85
  • g.­5
  • g.­72
  • g.­249
  • g.­623
g.­384

outflows

Wylie:
  • zag pa
Tibetan:
  • ཟག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • āsrava

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally, “to flow” or “to ooze.” Mental defilements or contaminations that “flow out” toward the objects of cyclic existence, binding us to them. Vasubandhu offers two alternative explanations of this term: “They cause beings to remain (āsayanti) within saṃsāra” and “They flow from the Summit of Existence down to the Avīci hell, out of the six wounds that are the sense fields” (Abhidharma­kośa­bhāṣya 5.40; Pradhan 1967, p. 308). The Summit of Existence (bhavāgra, srid pa’i rtse mo) is the highest point within saṃsāra, while the hell called Avīci (mnar med) is the lowest; the six sense fields (āyatana, skye mched) here refer to the five sense faculties plus the mind, i.e., the six internal sense fields.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • g.­163
g.­385

Padmā

Wylie:
  • pad ma
Tibetan:
  • པད་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • padmā

The southeastern realm of the Buddha Padmottara.

Located in 22 passages in the translation:

  • i.­23-24
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­25
  • 2.­1-2
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­7-8
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­18-19
  • 2.­36
  • 4.­87
  • 4.­92
  • g.­98
  • g.­166
g.­386

Padmottara

Wylie:
  • pad ma dam pa
Tibetan:
  • པད་མ་དམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • padmottara

The buddha whom the bodhisattva Gaganamudra becomes, who is a contemporary of Śākyamuni and seen in his southeastern realm by many of Śākyamuni’s bodhisattva disciples.

Located in 30 passages in the translation:

  • i.­23-24
  • i.­37
  • 1.­8-11
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­19-26
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­17-18
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­36
  • 4.­92
  • n.­6
  • g.­1
  • g.­98
  • g.­106
  • g.­166
  • g.­385
  • g.­462
g.­389

Pāṃśu

Wylie:
  • rdul gyi ri
Tibetan:
  • རྡུལ་གྱི་རི།
Sanskrit:
  • pāṃśuparvatāḥ

Unidentified mountains.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­11
g.­392

paṇḍita

Wylie:
  • mkhas pa
Tibetan:
  • མཁས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • paṇḍita

An official title for a learned scholar in India.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­12
  • g.­222
g.­396

parinirvāṇa

Wylie:
  • yongs su mya ngan las ’das pa
Tibetan:
  • ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • parinirvāṇa AD

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

This refers to what occurs at the end of an arhat’s or a buddha’s life. When nirvāṇa is attained at awakening, whether as an arhat or buddha, all suffering, afflicted mental states (kleśa), and causal processes (karman) that lead to rebirth and suffering in cyclic existence have ceased, but due to previously accumulated karma, the aggregates of that life remain and must still exhaust themselves. It is only at the end of life that these cease, and since no new aggregates arise, the arhat or buddha is said to attain parinirvāṇa, meaning “complete” or “final” nirvāṇa. This is synonymous with the attainment of nirvāṇa without remainder (anupadhiśeṣanirvāṇa).

According to the Mahāyāna view of a single vehicle (ekayāna), the arhat’s parinirvāṇa at death, despite being so called, is not final. The arhat must still enter the bodhisattva path and reach buddhahood (see Unraveling the Intent, Toh 106, 7.14.) On the other hand, the parinirvāṇa of a buddha, ultimately speaking, should be understood as a display manifested for the benefit of beings; see The Teaching on the Extraordinary Transformation That Is the Miracle of Attaining the Buddha’s Powers (Toh 186), 1.32.

The term parinirvāṇa is also associated specifically with the passing away of the Buddha Śākyamuni, in Kuśinagara, in northern India.

Located in 50 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­14
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­20-21
  • 2.­39
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­53
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­58
  • 4.­7-8
  • 4.­13-14
  • 4.­30
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­65
  • 4.­103
  • 4.­157
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­171
  • 4.­177
  • 4.­182
  • 4.­240
  • 4.­246
  • 4.­273
  • 4.­280
  • 4.­282
  • 4.­288
  • 4.­318
  • 4.­363
  • 4.­386-388
  • 4.­396
  • 4.­399
  • 4.­404
  • 4.­408
  • 4.­526
  • 4.­545
  • 4.­553
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­54-55
  • 5.­80
  • 6.­1
  • g.­42
  • g.­344
  • g.­721
g.­397

perfections

Wylie:
  • pha rol tu phyin pa
Tibetan:
  • ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • pāramitā

The six perfections of generosity, conduct, patience, diligence, meditation, and wisdom.

Located in 28 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­7
  • 4.­47
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­61
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­96
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­149
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­250
  • 4.­275
  • 4.­310
  • 4.­318
  • 4.­324
  • 4.­374
  • 4.­382-383
  • 4.­390
  • 4.­398-399
  • 4.­404
  • 4.­535
  • 5.­106
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­49
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­85
  • n.­4
g.­398

piśāca

Wylie:
  • sha za
Tibetan:
  • ཤ་ཟ།
Sanskrit:
  • piśāca

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that, like several other classes of nonhuman beings, take spontaneous birth. Ranking below rākṣasas, they are less powerful and more akin to pretas. They are said to dwell in impure and perilous places, where they feed on impure things, including flesh. This could account for the name piśāca, which possibly derives from √piś, to carve or chop meat, as reflected also in the Tibetan sha za, “meat eater.” They are often described as having an unpleasant appearance, and at times they appear with animal bodies. Some possess the ability to enter the dead bodies of humans, thereby becoming so-called vetāla, to touch whom is fatal.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­36
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­347
  • 4.­363
  • 4.­411
  • 4.­550
  • 6.­85
  • n.­80
g.­399

piṭaka

Wylie:
  • sde snod
Tibetan:
  • སྡེ་སྣོད།
Sanskrit:
  • piṭaka

A collection of canonical texts according to subject, the piṭakas are usually Vinaya, Sūtra and Abhidharma. There is also, as in this sūtra, the collection of Mahāyana teachings known as the bodhisattvapiṭaka. Originates from the term “baskets” originally used to contain these collections.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­2
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­48
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­364
  • 4.­390
  • g.­715
g.­400

powers

Wylie:
  • dbang
Tibetan:
  • དབང་།
Sanskrit:
  • indriya

The five powers: faith, mindfulness, diligence, samādhi, and wisdom.

Located in 32 passages in the translation:

  • i.­23
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­8-9
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­25
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­70
  • 3.­46
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­214
  • 4.­263
  • 4.­329
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­372
  • 4.­379
  • 4.­476
  • 4.­496
  • 4.­499
  • 4.­530
  • 5.­30
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­12
  • n.­86
  • g.­140
  • g.­151
  • g.­340
  • g.­394
  • g.­590
  • g.­638
g.­411

Prajñāvarman

Wylie:
  • pradz+nyA bar+ma
Tibetan:
  • པྲཛྙཱ་བརྨ།
Sanskrit:
  • prajñāvarman

An Indian scholar who came to Tibet during the reign of Tri Songdetsen and was involved in the translation of this text. He is listed as a translator of seventy-seven works.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­12
  • c.­1
g.­416

prātimokṣa vows

Wylie:
  • so sor thar pa'i sdom pa
  • so sor thar pa
Tibetan:
  • སོ་སོར་ཐར་པའི་སྡོམ་པ།
  • སོ་སོར་ཐར་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • prātimokṣasaṃvara
  • prātimokṣa AD

The regulations and rules that constitute Buddhist discipline. The number and scope of the vows differs depending on one’s status (whether lay, novice monastic, or full monastic) and whether one is a monk or a nun.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­58
g.­417

pratyekabuddha

Wylie:
  • rang sangs rgyas
Tibetan:
  • རང་སངས་རྒྱས།
Sanskrit:
  • pratyekabuddha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally, “buddha for oneself” or “solitary realizer.” Someone who, in his or her last life, attains awakening entirely through their own contemplation, without relying on a teacher. Unlike the awakening of a fully realized buddha (samyaksambuddha), the accomplishment of a pratyeka­buddha is not regarded as final or ultimate. They attain realization of the nature of dependent origination, the selflessness of the person, and a partial realization of the selflessness of phenomena, by observing the suchness of all that arises through interdependence. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary merit, compassion or motivation to teach others. They are named as “rhinoceros-like” (khaḍgaviṣāṇakalpa) for their preference for staying in solitude or as “congregators” (vargacārin) when their preference is to stay among peers.

Located in 24 passages in the translation:

  • i.­7
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­2
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­58
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­49
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­109
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­247-248
  • 4.­390
  • 4.­513
  • 4.­519
  • 4.­521
  • 5.­158
  • n.­29
  • g.­418
  • g.­528
g.­418

Pratyekabuddhayāna

Wylie:
  • rang sangs rgyas kyi theg pa
Tibetan:
  • རང་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཐེག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • pratyeka­buddhayāna

The way of the pratyekabuddha, particularly characterized by contemplation on the twelve phases of dependent origination.

Located in 30 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­62
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­264
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­342
  • 4.­344
  • 4.­346
  • 4.­350
  • 4.­352
  • 4.­360
  • 4.­364
  • 4.­381
  • 4.­383
  • 4.­406
  • 4.­495
  • 4.­513
  • 4.­522-523
  • 4.­543
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­104-105
  • 5.­141
  • 5.­149-150
  • 5.­156
  • 6.­25
  • n.­115
  • n.­250
g.­421

preta

Wylie:
  • yi dags
Tibetan:
  • ཡི་དགས།
Sanskrit:
  • preta

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, into which beings are born as the karmic fruition of past miserliness. As the term in Sanskrit means “the departed,” they are analogous to the ancestral spirits of Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. It is also commonly translated as “hungry ghost” or “starving spirit,” as in the Chinese 餓鬼 e gui.

They are sometimes said to reside in the realm of Yama, but are also frequently described as roaming charnel grounds and other inhospitable or frightening places along with piśācas and other such beings. They are particularly known to suffer from great hunger and thirst and the inability to acquire sustenance.

Located in 24 passages in the translation:

  • i.­33
  • 2.­97-98
  • 2.­100-101
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­113
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­156
  • 4.­319
  • 4.­347
  • 4.­350
  • 4.­413
  • 6.­85
  • n.­17
  • n.­80
  • n.­82
  • n.­154
  • n.­392
  • g.­146
g.­436

Rājagṛha

Wylie:
  • rgyal po’i khab
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
Sanskrit:
  • rājagṛha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The ancient capital of Magadha prior to its relocation to Pāṭaliputra during the Mauryan dynasty, Rājagṛha is one of the most important locations in Buddhist history. The literature tells us that the Buddha and his saṅgha spent a considerable amount of time in residence in and around Rājagṛha‍—in nearby places, such as the Vulture Peak Mountain (Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata), a major site of the Mahāyāna sūtras, and the Bamboo Grove (Veṇuvana)‍—enjoying the patronage of King Bimbisāra and then of his son King Ajātaśatru. Rājagṛha is also remembered as the location where the first Buddhist monastic council was held after the Buddha Śākyamuni passed into parinirvāṇa. Now known as Rajgir and located in the modern Indian state of Bihar.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­23
  • 1.­2
g.­438

rākṣasa

Wylie:
  • srin po
Tibetan:
  • སྲིན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • rākṣasa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that are often, but certainly not always, considered demonic in the Buddhist tradition. They are often depicted as flesh-eating monsters who haunt frightening places and are ugly and evil-natured with a yearning for human flesh, and who additionally have miraculous powers, such as being able to change their appearance.

Located in 14 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­79
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­79-80
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­406
  • 4.­413
  • 4.­550
  • 5.­106
  • 5.­114
  • 6.­23
g.­451

Ratnagarbha

Wylie:
  • rin po che’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnagarbha

One of the eighty-one sons of Samudrareṇu, the chief court priest of King Araṇemin. The Buddha Ratnagarbha prophesies the buddhahood of Samudrareṇu’s thirty million pupils.

Located in 414 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2-3
  • i.­14
  • i.­28-31
  • i.­33-34
  • i.­36-38
  • i.­41
  • i.­43-47
  • i.­49-50
  • 3.­7-9
  • 3.­11-13
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­24-25
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­33-34
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­79-80
  • 3.­94
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­123-124
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­22-23
  • 4.­32
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­81
  • 4.­83
  • 4.­88
  • 4.­93
  • 4.­99
  • 4.­122-123
  • 4.­138
  • 4.­141
  • 4.­148
  • 4.­155
  • 4.­174
  • 4.­179
  • 4.­181-182
  • 4.­184-185
  • 4.­187-191
  • 4.­196-197
  • 4.­199-200
  • 4.­202-203
  • 4.­205-206
  • 4.­208
  • 4.­218
  • 4.­221-222
  • 4.­224
  • 4.­228
  • 4.­230
  • 4.­232-237
  • 4.­240-242
  • 4.­245
  • 4.­248
  • 4.­256
  • 4.­258
  • 4.­269
  • 4.­272
  • 4.­282
  • 4.­284-285
  • 4.­289
  • 4.­293
  • 4.­304
  • 4.­308
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­460
  • 4.­464
  • 4.­467
  • 4.­469
  • 4.­474-476
  • 4.­484
  • 4.­486
  • 4.­488
  • 4.­492-494
  • 4.­496
  • 4.­499-504
  • 4.­514-515
  • 4.­536-537
  • 4.­539
  • 4.­543-544
  • 4.­547
  • 4.­554
  • 5.­1-2
  • 5.­47
  • 5.­50-51
  • 5.­53-55
  • 5.­57
  • 5.­72
  • n.­87
  • n.­117
  • n.­285
  • n.­375
  • g.­2
  • g.­4
  • g.­6
  • g.­7
  • g.­8
  • g.­9
  • g.­12
  • g.­21
  • g.­23
  • g.­31
  • g.­36
  • g.­37
  • g.­43
  • g.­46
  • g.­52
  • g.­56
  • g.­57
  • g.­62
  • g.­64
  • g.­66
  • g.­70
  • g.­71
  • g.­74
  • g.­81
  • g.­85
  • g.­86
  • g.­90
  • g.­91
  • g.­92
  • g.­96
  • g.­102
  • g.­108
  • g.­116
  • g.­122
  • g.­124
  • g.­125
  • g.­126
  • g.­127
  • g.­129
  • g.­130
  • g.­135
  • g.­137
  • g.­138
  • g.­167
  • g.­170
  • g.­171
  • g.­173
  • g.­174
  • g.­175
  • g.­178
  • g.­179
  • g.­186
  • g.­187
  • g.­188
  • g.­189
  • g.­194
  • g.­207
  • g.­209
  • g.­210
  • g.­214
  • g.­217
  • g.­220
  • g.­223
  • g.­226
  • g.­227
  • g.­228
  • g.­230
  • g.­231
  • g.­232
  • g.­233
  • g.­234
  • g.­235
  • g.­236
  • g.­237
  • g.­238
  • g.­239
  • g.­240
  • g.­241
  • g.­243
  • g.­246
  • g.­247
  • g.­248
  • g.­249
  • g.­250
  • g.­251
  • g.­252
  • g.­254
  • g.­256
  • g.­260
  • g.­266
  • g.­267
  • g.­268
  • g.­269
  • g.­270
  • g.­271
  • g.­273
  • g.­277
  • g.­280
  • g.­281
  • g.­282
  • g.­284
  • g.­285
  • g.­288
  • g.­290
  • g.­294
  • g.­297
  • g.­301
  • g.­303
  • g.­307
  • g.­309
  • g.­311
  • g.­313
  • g.­316
  • g.­318
  • g.­320
  • g.­323
  • g.­327
  • g.­332
  • g.­336
  • g.­338
  • g.­339
  • g.­348
  • g.­349
  • g.­356
  • g.­357
  • g.­359
  • g.­362
  • g.­363
  • g.­364
  • g.­368
  • g.­370
  • g.­371
  • g.­372
  • g.­382
  • g.­383
  • g.­401
  • g.­405
  • g.­407
  • g.­408
  • g.­410
  • g.­412
  • g.­414
  • g.­420
  • g.­424
  • g.­426
  • g.­428
  • g.­442
  • g.­443
  • g.­444
  • g.­447
  • g.­450
  • g.­453
  • g.­455
  • g.­456
  • g.­458
  • g.­459
  • g.­461
  • g.­463
  • g.­465
  • g.­469
  • g.­471
  • g.­475
  • g.­476
  • g.­478
  • g.­482
  • g.­483
  • g.­484
  • g.­488
  • g.­491
  • g.­492
  • g.­499
  • g.­502
  • g.­503
  • g.­510
  • g.­511
  • g.­519
  • g.­522
  • g.­523
  • g.­524
  • g.­525
  • g.­526
  • g.­527
  • g.­530
  • g.­532
  • g.­536
  • g.­542
  • g.­549
  • g.­558
  • g.­559
  • g.­560
  • g.­562
  • g.­564
  • g.­565
  • g.­567
  • g.­568
  • g.­569
  • g.­572
  • g.­577
  • g.­578
  • g.­579
  • g.­580
  • g.­587
  • g.­592
  • g.­595
  • g.­596
  • g.­597
  • g.­601
  • g.­602
  • g.­604
  • g.­606
  • g.­607
  • g.­608
  • g.­611
  • g.­613
  • g.­616
  • g.­618
  • g.­620
  • g.­625
  • g.­627
  • g.­628
  • g.­631
  • g.­632
  • g.­647
  • g.­648
  • g.­661
  • g.­662
  • g.­663
  • g.­674
  • g.­677
  • g.­678
  • g.­680
  • g.­681
  • g.­682
  • g.­687
  • g.­688
  • g.­690
  • g.­692
  • g.­694
  • g.­695
  • g.­696
  • g.­697
  • g.­698
  • g.­699
  • g.­701
  • g.­703
  • g.­706
  • g.­708
  • g.­709
  • g.­712
  • g.­714
  • g.­717
  • g.­719
  • g.­720
  • g.­722
  • g.­725
  • g.­729
  • g.­730
  • g.­731
  • g.­733
  • g.­735
  • g.­736
  • g.­748
  • g.­749
g.­455

Ratnaketu

Wylie:
  • rin po che’i tog
Tibetan:
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • ratnaketu

The bodhisattva who received this name from the Buddha Ratnagarbha when he was the eleventh son of King Araṇemin. The Buddha Ratnagarbha prophesied he will succeed the buddhas Akṣobhya and Suvarṇapuṣpa as the Buddha Nāga­vinarditeśvara­ghoṣa.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 4.­182-185
  • 4.­439
  • g.­561
g.­462

Ratnavairocana

Wylie:
  • rin po che rnam par snang byed
Tibetan:
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེ་རྣམ་པར་སྣང་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnavairocana

The bodhisattva who asks the Buddha to teach about Buddha Padmottara.

Located in 11 passages in the translation:

  • i.­23-25
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­11-12
  • 1.­21-22
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­55
g.­479

Sahā

Wylie:
  • mi mjed
Tibetan:
  • མི་མཇེད།
Sanskrit:
  • sahā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The name for our world system, the universe of a thousand million worlds, or trichiliocosm, in which the four-continent world is located. Each trichiliocosm is ruled by a god Brahmā; thus, in this context, he bears the title of Sahāṃpati, Lord of Sahā. The world system of Sahā, or Sahālokadhātu, is also described as the buddhafield of the Buddha Śākyamuni where he teaches the Dharma to beings.

The name Sahā possibly derives from the Sanskrit √sah, “to bear, endure, or withstand.” It is often interpreted as alluding to the inhabitants of this world being able to endure the suffering they encounter. The Tibetan translation, mi mjed, follows along the same lines. It literally means “not painful,” in the sense that beings here are able to bear the suffering they experience.

Located in 68 passages in the translation:

  • i.­4
  • i.­40
  • 1.­3
  • 2.­41
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­233
  • 4.­236
  • 4.­241
  • 4.­276
  • 4.­307
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­332
  • 4.­335
  • 4.­337-339
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­346
  • 4.­361
  • 4.­363
  • 4.­389
  • 4.­391-393
  • 4.­525-526
  • 5.­105
  • 6.­8-9
  • 6.­11-17
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­28-30
  • 6.­32-34
  • 6.­36-37
  • 6.­40
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­52-54
  • 6.­56-60
  • 6.­63-64
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­68
  • n.­53
  • g.­45
  • g.­104
  • g.­169
  • g.­419
  • g.­643
  • g.­705
g.­485

Śakra

Wylie:
  • brgya byin
Tibetan:
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • śakra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The lord of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three (trāyastriṃśa). Alternatively known as Indra, the deity that is called “lord of the gods” dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation brgya byin (meaning “one hundred sacrifices”) is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. Each world with a central Sumeru has a Śakra. Also known by other names such as Kauśika, Devendra, and Śacipati.

Located in 40 passages in the translation:

  • i.­30
  • i.­48
  • i.­57
  • 1.­5
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­40-41
  • 3.­85-86
  • 3.­91-92
  • 3.­94
  • 3.­102-103
  • 3.­106-107
  • 4.­294
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­502
  • 4.­530-531
  • 5.­102
  • 5.­120
  • 5.­147
  • 6.­22-24
  • 6.­26
  • n.­115
  • n.­119
  • n.­380
  • n.­426
  • g.­107
  • g.­197
  • g.­278
  • g.­394
  • g.­529
  • g.­552
  • g.­658
g.­486

Śākyamuni

Wylie:
  • shAkya thub pa
Tibetan:
  • ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • śākyamuni

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

An epithet for the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama: he was a muni (“sage”) from the Śākya clan. He is counted as the fourth of the first four buddhas of the present Good Eon, the other three being Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, and Kāśyapa. He will be followed by Maitreya, the next buddha in this eon.

Located in 202 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1-2
  • i.­1-4
  • i.­9
  • i.­17
  • i.­23-26
  • i.­39-41
  • i.­47-48
  • i.­51
  • i.­56-58
  • 4.­204
  • 4.­526
  • 4.­553
  • 5.­49-50
  • 6.­8-9
  • 6.­11-15
  • 6.­17-21
  • 6.­23-25
  • 6.­27-29
  • 6.­31-32
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­40
  • 6.­44-45
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­49-50
  • 6.­52
  • 6.­54-57
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­63-64
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­78
  • n.­278
  • n.­285
  • n.­376-377
  • n.­379
  • n.­381-384
  • g.­3
  • g.­18
  • g.­22
  • g.­25
  • g.­34
  • g.­48
  • g.­54
  • g.­58
  • g.­84
  • g.­88
  • g.­97
  • g.­99
  • g.­101
  • g.­107
  • g.­111
  • g.­115
  • g.­118
  • g.­120
  • g.­128
  • g.­132
  • g.­133
  • g.­141
  • g.­143
  • g.­144
  • g.­166
  • g.­177
  • g.­190
  • g.­192
  • g.­200
  • g.­212
  • g.­213
  • g.­219
  • g.­245
  • g.­253
  • g.­258
  • g.­261
  • g.­272
  • g.­278
  • g.­289
  • g.­291
  • g.­293
  • g.­295
  • g.­298
  • g.­299
  • g.­310
  • g.­323
  • g.­328
  • g.­333
  • g.­335
  • g.­341
  • g.­343
  • g.­345
  • g.­346
  • g.­347
  • g.­355
  • g.­365
  • g.­373
  • g.­374
  • g.­376
  • g.­386
  • g.­387
  • g.­388
  • g.­390
  • g.­394
  • g.­404
  • g.­406
  • g.­409
  • g.­423
  • g.­424
  • g.­430
  • g.­434
  • g.­445
  • g.­452
  • g.­454
  • g.­460
  • g.­464
  • g.­473
  • g.­477
  • g.­487
  • g.­490
  • g.­498
  • g.­505
  • g.­507
  • g.­508
  • g.­510
  • g.­512
  • g.­513
  • g.­514
  • g.­516
  • g.­520
  • g.­524
  • g.­529
  • g.­537
  • g.­538
  • g.­539
  • g.­540
  • g.­545
  • g.­547
  • g.­551
  • g.­552
  • g.­558
  • g.­570
  • g.­594
  • g.­603
  • g.­619
  • g.­622
  • g.­624
  • g.­629
  • g.­630
  • g.­635
  • g.­652
  • g.­658
  • g.­665
  • g.­670
  • g.­683
  • g.­686
  • g.­700
  • g.­702
  • g.­704
  • g.­707
  • g.­710
  • g.­711
  • g.­716
  • g.­719
  • g.­726
  • g.­727
  • g.­730
  • g.­734
g.­489

Sālendrarāja

Wylie:
  • sA la’i dbang po’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སཱ་ལའི་དབང་པོའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • sālendrarāja

A buddha of the distant past of whom the bodhisattva Maitreya states he was a pupil.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­26
  • 2.­76
  • 2.­78
  • g.­544
g.­493

samādhi

Wylie:
  • ting nge ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • samādhi

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In a general sense, samādhi can describe a number of different meditative states. In the Mahāyāna literature, in particular in the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, we find extensive lists of different samādhis, numbering over one hundred.

In a more restricted sense, and when understood as a mental state, samādhi is defined as the one-pointedness of the mind (cittaikāgratā), the ability to remain on the same object over long periods of time. The Drajor Bamponyipa (sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa) commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti explains the term samādhi as referring to the instrument through which mind and mental states “get collected,” i.e., it is by the force of samādhi that the continuum of mind and mental states becomes collected on a single point of reference without getting distracted.

Located in 130 passages in the translation:

  • i.­24
  • i.­47
  • i.­50
  • i.­57
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­24-25
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­37-39
  • 2.­51-53
  • 2.­68
  • 2.­70
  • 2.­90-91
  • 2.­93
  • 2.­101
  • 3.­46
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­124
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­5-7
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­88-90
  • 4.­97-98
  • 4.­102-104
  • 4.­106
  • 4.­112
  • 4.­115-116
  • 4.­118-119
  • 4.­126-132
  • 4.­135
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­164
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­173
  • 4.­253
  • 4.­310
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­336-338
  • 4.­341-342
  • 4.­344
  • 4.­358
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­386
  • 4.­424
  • 4.­440
  • 4.­464
  • 4.­467
  • 4.­469
  • 4.­475
  • 4.­484
  • 4.­486
  • 4.­488
  • 4.­493
  • 4.­496
  • 4.­499
  • 4.­501
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­3-4
  • 5.­48-50
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­154
  • 6.­22-24
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­86
  • n.­11
  • n.­30
  • n.­33
  • n.­56
  • n.­226-227
  • n.­283
  • n.­325
  • n.­327-328
  • n.­330-331
  • n.­333
  • n.­335-338
  • n.­341
  • n.­356
  • n.­395-397
  • n.­399-400
  • n.­407
  • g.­10
  • g.­400
g.­494

Samantabhadra

Wylie:
  • kun tu bzang po
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • samantabhadra

One of the eight principal bodhisattvas who figures strongly in the Gaṇḍavyūha, which is the final chapter of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra, and also in the Lotus Sūtra.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2
  • 4.­189
  • 4.­433
g.­501

śamatha

Wylie:
  • zhi gnas
Tibetan:
  • ཞི་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • śamatha

One of the basic forms of Buddhist meditation, which focuses on calming the mind. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, with the other technique being vipaśyana.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­6
  • 4.­214
  • 4.­390
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­48
  • g.­718
g.­515

saṃsāra

Wylie:
  • ’khor ba
Tibetan:
  • འཁོར་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • saṃsāra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A state of involuntary existence conditioned by afflicted mental states and the imprint of past actions, characterized by suffering in a cycle of life, death, and rebirth. On its reversal, the contrasting state of nirvāṇa is attained, free from suffering and the processes of rebirth.

Located in 45 passages in the translation:

  • i.­16
  • i.­26
  • 2.­56-57
  • 2.­77-78
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­50
  • 3.­52-54
  • 4.­196
  • 4.­214-216
  • 4.­233
  • 4.­247-248
  • 4.­260
  • 4.­262
  • 4.­264
  • 4.­277
  • 4.­281
  • 4.­306-307
  • 4.­310
  • 4.­320
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­335-336
  • 4.­360
  • 4.­369
  • 4.­410
  • 4.­413
  • 4.­517
  • 4.­543
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­52
  • 5.­69
  • 5.­93
  • 5.­106
  • 6.­73
  • n.­272
  • g.­72
  • g.­158
g.­518

Saṃtāraṇa

Wylie:
  • kun nas sgrol ba
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ནས་སྒྲོལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • santāraṇa

The name of an eon in the distant past.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­76
g.­524

Samudrareṇu

Wylie:
  • rgya mtsho’i rdul
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱ་མཚོའི་རྡུལ།
Sanskrit:
  • samudrareṇu

The past life of the Buddha Śākyamuni as a brahmin priest, who is the principal figure in The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra. In this sūtra, he is the court priest of King Araṇemin and the father of the Buddha Ratnagarbha.

Located in 127 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2-3
  • i.­6
  • i.­14
  • i.­28-34
  • i.­38-40
  • i.­43
  • i.­45-47
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­34-36
  • 3.­42
  • 3.­44
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­59
  • 3.­65
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­71-72
  • 3.­79-82
  • 3.­84-86
  • 3.­92-94
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­101-102
  • 3.­108-109
  • 3.­117-118
  • 3.­123-124
  • 3.­127-128
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­19-20
  • 4.­27
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­86
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­125
  • 4.­150
  • 4.­176
  • 4.­181
  • 4.­191
  • 4.­193
  • 4.­211
  • 4.­245
  • 4.­258
  • 4.­265
  • 4.­267
  • 4.­286-287
  • 4.­289
  • 4.­304
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­416
  • 4.­460
  • 4.­500
  • 4.­503-504
  • n.­11
  • n.­285
  • n.­375
  • g.­65
  • g.­66
  • g.­74
  • g.­107
  • g.­121
  • g.­207
  • g.­229
  • g.­261
  • g.­271
  • g.­274
  • g.­307
  • g.­310
  • g.­323
  • g.­394
  • g.­405
  • g.­428
  • g.­448
  • g.­451
  • g.­457
  • g.­469
  • g.­476
  • g.­502
  • g.­508
  • g.­522
  • g.­525
  • g.­529
  • g.­536
  • g.­551
  • g.­558
  • g.­562
  • g.­587
  • g.­659
  • g.­660
  • g.­667
  • g.­690
  • g.­693
  • g.­713
  • g.­719
  • g.­730
g.­528

samyaksam­buddha

Wylie:
  • yang dag par rdzogs pa’i sangs rgyas
Tibetan:
  • ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས།
Sanskrit:
  • samyak­sambuddha

A perfect buddha: a buddha who teaches the Dharma and brings it into a world, as opposed to a pratyekabuddha, who does not teach the Dharma or bring it into a world.

Located in 92 passages in the translation:

  • i.­7-8
  • 1.­8-10
  • 1.­19-23
  • 1.­25-26
  • 2.­17-18
  • 2.­20-23
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­46-48
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­75-78
  • 2.­90
  • 2.­92
  • 3.­8-9
  • 3.­11-13
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­33-35
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­46-47
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­79-80
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­123-124
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­10-11
  • 4.­13-15
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­29-30
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­80
  • 4.­92
  • 4.­98
  • 4.­121
  • 4.­137
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­177
  • 4.­233
  • 4.­240
  • 4.­326
  • 4.­415
  • 4.­462
  • 4.­469
  • 4.­474
  • 4.­479
  • 4.­488
  • 4.­492
  • 4.­504
  • 4.­514-515
  • 4.­544
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­82-85
  • 6.­11
  • n.­117
g.­531

saṅgha

Wylie:
  • dge ’dun
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་འདུན།
Sanskrit:
  • saṅgha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Though often specifically reserved for the monastic community, this term can be applied to any of the four Buddhist communities‍—monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen‍—as well as to identify the different groups of practitioners, like the community of bodhisattvas or the community of śrāvakas. It is also the third of the Three Jewels (triratna) of Buddhism: the Buddha, the Teaching, and the Community.

Located in 84 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­76
  • 2.­79
  • 2.­94-95
  • 2.­99-100
  • 3.­12-13
  • 3.­20-21
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­27-29
  • 3.­31-34
  • 3.­41-43
  • 3.­64
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­79-83
  • 3.­89
  • 3.­92-94
  • 3.­96-97
  • 3.­101
  • 3.­103-104
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­114-117
  • 3.­124
  • 3.­126-127
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­5-6
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­96
  • 4.­108
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­157
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­169
  • 4.­205
  • 4.­240
  • 4.­266-268
  • 4.­277
  • 4.­281-282
  • 4.­390
  • 4.­394
  • 4.­498
  • 4.­545
  • 4.­548
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­106
  • n.­82
  • n.­106
  • n.­391
  • n.­427
  • g.­153
g.­533

Śāntimati

Wylie:
  • blo gros zhi ba
Tibetan:
  • བློ་གྲོས་ཞི་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • śāntimati

A bodhisattva present at the teaching of The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra who asks the Buddha why he appeared in an impure realm.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • i.­28
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­4
g.­544

Sarvālaṅkāra­vibhūṣita

Wylie:
  • rgyan thams cad kyis brgyan pa
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་བརྒྱན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • sarvālaṅkāra­vibhūṣita

The buddha realm of the Buddha Sālendrarāja in the distant past. Maitreya was a disciple of that buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­26
  • 2.­76
g.­561

Siṃha

Wylie:
  • seng ge
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེ
Sanskrit:
  • siṃha

The name of the eleventh son of King Araṇemin, who becomes the bodhisattva Ratnaketu and is prophesied to become the Buddha Nāga­vinarditeśvara­ghoṣa in the realm Abhirati, when it is renamed Jayasoma.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 4.­181
  • g.­5
  • g.­361
g.­573

Śiva

Wylie:
  • gu lang
Tibetan:
  • གུ་ལང་།
Sanskrit:
  • śiva

Otherwise called Maheśvara, one of the principal deities of the Brahmanical tradition.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­13
  • 5.­114
  • g.­197
  • g.­321
g.­575

śrāvaka

Wylie:
  • nyan thos
Tibetan:
  • ཉན་ཐོས།
Sanskrit:
  • śrāvaka

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The Sanskrit term śrāvaka, and the Tibetan nyan thos, both derived from the verb “to hear,” are usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.” Primarily this refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat seeking their own liberation and nirvāṇa. They are the practitioners of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma on the four noble truths, who realize the suffering inherent in saṃsāra and focus on understanding that there is no independent self. By conquering afflicted mental states (kleśa), they liberate themselves, attaining first the stage of stream enterers at the path of seeing, followed by the stage of once-returners who will be reborn only one more time, and then the stage of non-returners who will no longer be reborn into the desire realm. The final goal is to become an arhat. These four stages are also known as the “four results of spiritual practice.”

Located in 40 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­7
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­2
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­8-9
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­23-24
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­58
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­49-50
  • 4.­52
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­109
  • 4.­127
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­157
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­169
  • 4.­247-248
  • 4.­277
  • 4.­282
  • 4.­390
  • 4.­513
  • 4.­519
  • 4.­521
  • 5.­158
  • 6.­78
  • n.­29
  • n.­119
  • g.­340
  • g.­434
  • g.­576
g.­576

Śrāvakayāna

Wylie:
  • nyan thos kyi theg pa
Tibetan:
  • ཉན་ཐོས་ཀྱི་ཐེག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • śrāvakayāna

The vehicle comprising the teaching of the śrāvakas, those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation. The śrāvakas are typically defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard by others.”

Located in 34 passages in the translation:

  • i.­29
  • 2.­62
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­51
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­264
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­342
  • 4.­346-347
  • 4.­349-350
  • 4.­352
  • 4.­360
  • 4.­364
  • 4.­381
  • 4.­383
  • 4.­406
  • 4.­495
  • 4.­513
  • 4.­522-523
  • 4.­543
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­104-105
  • 5.­141
  • 5.­149-150
  • 5.­157
  • 6.­25
  • n.­115
g.­590

strengths

Wylie:
  • stobs
Tibetan:
  • སྟོབས།
Sanskrit:
  • bala

The five strengths are a stronger form of the five powers.

Located in 11 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­14
  • 2.­13
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­96
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­214
  • 4.­243
  • 4.­263
  • 5.­31
  • 5.­53
  • g.­151
g.­598

sugata

Wylie:
  • bde bar gshegs pa
Tibetan:
  • བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • sugata

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

One of the standard epithets of the buddhas. A recurrent explanation offers three different meanings for su- that are meant to show the special qualities of “accomplishment of one’s own purpose” (svārthasampad) for a complete buddha. Thus, the Sugata is “well” gone, as in the expression su-rūpa (“having a good form”); he is gone “in a way that he shall not come back,” as in the expression su-naṣṭa-jvara (“a fever that has utterly gone”); and he has gone “without any remainder” as in the expression su-pūrṇa-ghaṭa (“a pot that is completely full”). According to Buddhaghoṣa, the term means that the way the Buddha went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su) and where he went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su).

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­20
  • 2.­76
  • 4.­80
  • 4.­92
  • 4.­98
  • 4.­243-244
  • 5.­87
g.­599

Sukhāvatī

Wylie:
  • bde ba can
Tibetan:
  • བདེ་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • sukhāvatī

The realm of the Buddha Amitāyus, more commonly known as Amitābha, as first described in the Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra.

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • i.­13
  • i.­36
  • 2.­16
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­29
  • 6.­66
  • g.­29
  • g.­40
  • g.­317
  • g.­379
  • g.­612
g.­605

Sumeru

Wylie:
  • ri rab
Tibetan:
  • རི་རབ།
Sanskrit:
  • sumeru

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

According to ancient Buddhist cosmology, this is the great mountain forming the axis of the universe. At its summit is Sudarśana, home of Śakra and his thirty-two gods, and on its flanks live the asuras. The mount has four sides facing the cardinal directions, each of which is made of a different precious stone. Surrounding it are several mountain ranges and the great ocean where the four principal island continents lie: in the south, Jambudvīpa (our world); in the west, Godānīya; in the north, Uttarakuru; and in the east, Pūrvavideha. Above it are the abodes of the desire realm gods. It is variously referred to as Meru, Mount Meru, Sumeru, and Mount Sumeru.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­34
  • 3.­119
  • 3.­121
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­409
  • 5.­105
  • 6.­65
  • g.­93
  • g.­485
  • g.­646
g.­612

Supra­tiṣṭhita­guṇa­maṇikūṭa­rāja

Wylie:
  • rab du brtan pa yon tan nor bu brtsegs pa’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • རབ་དུ་བརྟན་པ་ཡོན་ཏན་ནོར་བུ་བརྩེགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • supratiṣṭhita­guṇa­maṇikūṭa­rāja

The name at buddhahood of the bodhisattva Mahāsthāmaprāpta when he becomes the buddha in Sukhāvatī. The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra describes how he became a bodhisattva while being Prince Nimi.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 4.­40
  • g.­317
  • g.­379
g.­614

Surendrabodhi

Wylie:
  • su ren dra bo dhi
Tibetan:
  • སུ་རེན་དྲ་བོ་དྷི།
Sanskrit:
  • surendrabodhi

An Indian master who came to Tibet during the reign of King Ralpachen (r. 815–38 ᴄᴇ) and helped in the translation of forty-three Kangyur texts.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­12
  • c.­1
g.­623

Suvarṇapuṣpa

Wylie:
  • gser gyi me tog yongs su myan nga las ’das
Tibetan:
  • གསེར་གྱི་མེ་ཏོག་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱན་ང་ལས་འདས།
Sanskrit:
  • suvarṇapuṣpa

The Buddha that Himaṇi, the tenth son of King Araṇemin, is prophesied to become in Abhirati after the Buddha Akṣobhya has passed into nirvāṇa.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • i.­37
  • 4.­177
  • 4.­182
  • g.­5
  • g.­193
  • g.­218
  • g.­361
  • g.­455
g.­634

tathāgata

Wylie:
  • de bzhin gshegs pa
Tibetan:
  • དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • tathāgata

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A frequently used synonym for buddha. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-āgata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha­(tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has departed in the wake of the buddhas of the past, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence. It is also often used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 323 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­8-11
  • 1.­19-26
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­17-18
  • 2.­20-23
  • 2.­35-36
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­46-48
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­72
  • 2.­76
  • 2.­78
  • 2.­90-92
  • 3.­7-9
  • 3.­11-15
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­24-25
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­33-34
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­46-47
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­55-56
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­79-80
  • 3.­94
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­123-124
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­10-11
  • 4.­13-15
  • 4.­22-23
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­32-33
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­39-40
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­80-81
  • 4.­83
  • 4.­88
  • 4.­92-93
  • 4.­98-99
  • 4.­104
  • 4.­121-123
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­137-138
  • 4.­140-142
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­148
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­155
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­172
  • 4.­174
  • 4.­177
  • 4.­179
  • 4.­181-182
  • 4.­184-185
  • 4.­187-191
  • 4.­196-197
  • 4.­199
  • 4.­202-206
  • 4.­208
  • 4.­214
  • 4.­218
  • 4.­221-222
  • 4.­224
  • 4.­228
  • 4.­230
  • 4.­232-237
  • 4.­240-242
  • 4.­245-246
  • 4.­248
  • 4.­255-256
  • 4.­258
  • 4.­269
  • 4.­272-273
  • 4.­278
  • 4.­282
  • 4.­284-285
  • 4.­289
  • 4.­293
  • 4.­304-305
  • 4.­308
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­326
  • 4.­372
  • 4.­375-376
  • 4.­379
  • 4.­399-401
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­408
  • 4.­415-416
  • 4.­430
  • 4.­460
  • 4.­462-464
  • 4.­467-469
  • 4.­474-477
  • 4.­479-484
  • 4.­486-488
  • 4.­492-494
  • 4.­496-497
  • 4.­499-504
  • 4.­510
  • 4.­514-519
  • 4.­523
  • 4.­525-526
  • 4.­536-537
  • 4.­539
  • 4.­543-547
  • 4.­553-555
  • 5.­1-2
  • 5.­47
  • 5.­49-51
  • 5.­53-55
  • 5.­57
  • 5.­72
  • 5.­80-85
  • 5.­93
  • 5.­108
  • 5.­117
  • 5.­123
  • 5.­146
  • 5.­158
  • 6.­4-5
  • 6.­7-15
  • 6.­17-21
  • 6.­23-25
  • 6.­27-29
  • 6.­31-40
  • 6.­42-47
  • 6.­49-52
  • 6.­54-64
  • 6.­68-72
  • 6.­76-78
  • n.­4
  • n.­30
  • n.­87
  • n.­117
  • n.­140
  • n.­272
  • n.­389
  • n.­417
  • g.­42
  • g.­202
  • g.­309
  • g.­344
  • g.­546
  • g.­638
  • g.­721
g.­639

Thirty-two signs of a great being

Wylie:
  • skye bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis
Tibetan:
  • སྐྱེ་བུ་ཆེན་པོའི་མཚན་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས།
Sanskrit:
  • dvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇa AD

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­93
  • 2.­98
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­110
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­106
  • 4.­278
  • 4.­359
  • 5.­143
  • 5.­146
g.­651

upāsaka

Wylie:
  • dge bsnyan
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་བསྙན།
Sanskrit:
  • upāsaka

An unordained male practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­79
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­383
  • 4.­385
  • 4.­390
  • 4.­546
  • 5.­55
g.­653

upāsikā

Wylie:
  • dge bsnyan ma
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་བསྙན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • upāsikā

An unordained female practitioner who observes the five precepts not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­79
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­385
  • 4.­546
g.­669

Vaiśāradya­samavasaraṇa

Wylie:
  • ’jigs med yang dag gzhol
Tibetan:
  • འཇིགས་མེད་ཡང་དག་གཞོལ།
Sanskrit:
  • vaiśāradya­samavasaraṇa

A bodhisattva present at the teaching of The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra. The Buddha addresses him in particular at one point.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­90
g.­671

Vaiśravaṇa

Wylie:
  • rnam thos kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་ཐོས་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • vaiśravaṇa

As one of the four mahārājas, he is the lord of the northern region of the world and the northern continent, though in early Buddhism he is the lord of the far north of India and beyond. He is also the lord of the yakṣas and a lord of wealth. There is one in each four-continent world.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­5
  • 3.­72
  • 3.­74
  • 3.­78-79
  • 3.­81
  • 3.­85
  • 3.­108
  • 6.­14
  • g.­314
g.­672

vajra

Wylie:
  • rdo rje
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་རྗེ།
Sanskrit:
  • vajra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

This term generally indicates indestructibility and stability. In the sūtras, vajra most often refers to the hardest possible physical substance, said to have divine origins. In some scriptures, it is also the name of the all-powerful weapon of Indra, which in turn is crafted from vajra material. In the tantras, the vajra is sometimes a scepter-like ritual implement, but the term can also take on other esoteric meanings.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­52
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­64-65
  • 4.­85
  • 4.­299
  • 4.­342
  • 4.­344-345
  • 4.­371
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­86
  • n.­203
  • n.­207
  • g.­413
g.­715

Vinaya

Wylie:
  • ’dul ba
Tibetan:
  • འདུལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • vinaya

The vows and texts pertaining to monastic discipline. One of the three piṭakas, or “baskets,” of the Buddhist canon, the one dealing specifically with the code of monastic discipline.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­384
  • 4.­408
  • g.­399
g.­718

vipaśyanā

Wylie:
  • lhag mthong
Tibetan:
  • ལྷག་མཐོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • vipaśyanā

An important form of Buddhist meditation focusing on developing insight into the nature of phenomena. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other being śamatha.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­6
  • 4.­214
  • 4.­390
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­48
g.­723

Virūḍhaka

Wylie:
  • ’phags skyes po
Tibetan:
  • འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • virūḍhaka

One of the four mahārājas. He is the guardian of the southern direction and the lord of the kumbhāṇḍas. There is one in each four-continent world.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­6
  • 3.­84-85
  • 6.­14
  • g.­296
  • g.­314
g.­724

Virūpākṣa

Wylie:
  • mig mi bzang
Tibetan:
  • མིག་མི་བཟང་།
Sanskrit:
  • virūpākṣa

One of the four mahārājas. He is the guardian of the western direction and the lord of the nāgas. There is a Virūpākṣa in each four-continent world.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­5
  • 3.­84-85
  • 6.­14
  • g.­314
g.­728

Viṣṇu

Wylie:
  • khyab ’jug
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱབ་འཇུག
Sanskrit:
  • viṣṇu

One of the primary gods of the Brahmanical tradition, he is associated with the preservation and continuance of the universe.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­13
  • n.­332
  • g.­197
  • g.­369
g.­732

Vulture Peak Mountain

Wylie:
  • rgod kyi phung po
Tibetan:
  • རྒོད་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • gṛdhrakūṭa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The Gṛdhra­kūṭa, literally Vulture Peak, was a hill located in the kingdom of Magadha, in the vicinity of the ancient city of Rājagṛha (modern-day Rajgir, in the state of Bihar, India), where the Buddha bestowed many sūtras, especially the Great Vehicle teachings, such as the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras. It continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2
  • i.­23
  • 1.­2
  • 2.­35-36
  • 5.­49
  • 5.­105
  • 5.­140
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­60
g.­737

watch

Wylie:
  • thun
Tibetan:
  • ཐུན།
Sanskrit:
  • yāma

One of the divisions of the night into four night-watches, each being approximately three hours long.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­15
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­20
  • n.­24
g.­741

yakṣa

Wylie:
  • gnod sbyin
Tibetan:
  • གནོད་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • yakṣa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings who inhabit forests, mountainous areas, and other natural spaces, or serve as guardians of villages and towns, and may be propitiated for health, wealth, protection, and other boons, or controlled through magic. According to tradition, their homeland is in the north, where they live under the rule of the Great King Vaiśravaṇa.

Several members of this class have been deified as gods of wealth (these include the just-mentioned Vaiśravaṇa) or as bodhisattva generals of yakṣa armies, and have entered the Buddhist pantheon in a variety of forms, including, in tantric Buddhism, those of wrathful deities.

Located in 55 passages in the translation:

  • i.­27
  • i.­33
  • i.­55
  • i.­57
  • i.­59
  • 1.­5
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­79
  • 2.­87
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­71-72
  • 3.­74-75
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­79-80
  • 3.­82-83
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­117
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­319
  • 4.­341
  • 4.­347
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­406
  • 4.­411
  • 4.­413
  • 4.­549-550
  • 5.­69
  • 5.­103
  • 5.­105-106
  • 5.­115
  • 5.­121
  • 5.­148
  • 5.­152
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­22-23
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­85
  • 6.­88
  • 6.­90
  • n.­421
  • n.­428
  • g.­200
  • g.­346
  • g.­671
g.­742

Yama

Wylie:
  • gshin rje rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • གཤིན་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • yama

The lord of death who judges the dead and rules over the hells.

Located in 14 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­10
  • 2.­93
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­87
  • 4.­107
  • 4.­331
  • 4.­335
  • 4.­549
  • 5.­106
  • 6.­68
  • n.­17
  • n.­154
  • n.­369
g.­752

Yeshé Dé

Wylie:
  • ye shes sde
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ།
Sanskrit:
  • none

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Yeshé Dé (late eighth to early ninth century) was the most prolific translator of sūtras into Tibetan. Altogether he is credited with the translation of more than one hundred sixty sūtra translations and more than one hundred additional translations, mostly on tantric topics. In spite of Yeshé Dé’s great importance for the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet during the imperial era, only a few biographical details about this figure are known. Later sources describe him as a student of the Indian teacher Padmasambhava, and he is also credited with teaching both sūtra and tantra widely to students of his own. He was also known as Nanam Yeshé Dé, from the Nanam (sna nam) clan.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­12
  • c.­1
g.­753

yojana

Wylie:
  • dpag tshad
Tibetan:
  • དཔག་ཚད།
Sanskrit:
  • yojana

The longest unit of distance in classical India. The lack of a uniform standard for the smaller units means that there is no precise equivalent, especially as its theoretical length tended to increase over time. Therefore, it can mean between four and ten miles.

Located in 28 passages in the translation:

  • i.­58
  • 1.­14-19
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­15
  • 3.­36
  • 4.­5-6
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­355
  • 4.­385
  • 4.­505
  • 4.­507
  • 4.­510
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­104
  • 5.­126
  • 5.­140
  • 6.­64
  • n.­22
  • n.­34
  • n.­45
  • n.­413
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    84000. The White Lotus of Compassion (Karuṇā­puṇḍarīka, snying rje pad ma dkar po, Toh 112). Translated by Peter Alan Roberts and team. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024. https://84000.co/translation/toh112/UT22084-050-003-chapter-2.Copy
    84000. The White Lotus of Compassion (Karuṇā­puṇḍarīka, snying rje pad ma dkar po, Toh 112). Translated by Peter Alan Roberts and team, online publication, 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024, 84000.co/translation/toh112/UT22084-050-003-chapter-2.Copy
    84000. (2024) The White Lotus of Compassion (Karuṇā­puṇḍarīka, snying rje pad ma dkar po, Toh 112). (Peter Alan Roberts and team, Trans.). Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha. https://84000.co/translation/toh112/UT22084-050-003-chapter-2.Copy

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