The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines
Glossary
Toh 11
Degé Kangyur, vol. 31 (shes phyin, khri pa, ga), folios 1.b–91.a, and vol. 32 (shes phyin, khri pa, nga), folios 92.b–397.a
- Jinamitra
- Prajñāvarman
- Yeshé Dé
Imprint
Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha
First published 2018
Current version v 1.40.27 (2024)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.26.1
84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.
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Table of Contents
Summary
While dwelling at Vulture Peak near Rājagṛha, the Buddha sets in motion the sūtras that are the most extensive of all—the sūtras on the Prajñāpāramitā, or “Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom.” Committed to writing around the start of the first millennium, these sūtras were expanded and contracted in the centuries that followed, eventually amounting to twenty-three volumes in the Tibetan Kangyur. Among them, The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines is a compact and coherent restatement of the longer versions, uniquely extant in Tibetan translation, without specific commentaries, and rarely studied. While the structure generally follows that of the longer versions, chapters 1–2 conveniently summarize all three hundred and sixty-seven categories of phenomena, causal and fruitional attributes which the sūtra examines in the light of wisdom or discriminative awareness. Chapter 31 and the final chapter 33 conclude with an appraisal of irreversible bodhisattvas, the pitfalls of rejecting this teaching, and the blessings that accrue from committing it to writing.
Acknowledgements
Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group under the direction of Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche and Pema Wangyal Rinpoche. The text was translated, introduced, and annotated by Dr. Gyurme Dorje, and edited by Charles Hastings and John Canti with contributions from Greg Seton.
This translation has been completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
Work on this text was made possible thanks to generous donations made by Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche; respectfully and humbly offered by Judy Cole, William Tai, Jie Chi Tai and families; by Shi Jing and family; by Wang Kang Wei and Zhao Yun Qi and family; and by Matthew, Vivian, Ye Kong and family. They are all most gratefully acknowledged.
Text Body
The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines
Colophon
This translation was edited and redacted by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra and Prajñāvarman, along with the editor-in-chief and translator Bandé Yeshé Dé.
ye dharmā hetuprabhavā hetun teṣāṃ tathāgato bhavat āha teṣāṃ ca yo nirodho evaṃ vādī mahāśramaṇaḥ [ye svāhā]
“Whatever events arise from a cause, the Tathāgata has told the cause thereof, and the great virtuous ascetic has also taught their cessation.”
Abbreviations
ARIRIAB | Annual Report of the International Research Institute of Advanced Buddhology. Tokyo: SOKA University. |
---|---|
ISMEO | Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Orient |
KPD | bka’ ’gyur dpe bsdur ma [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009. |
LTWA | Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, H.P., India |
SOR | Serie Orientale Roma |
TOK | ’jam mgon kong sprul, The Treasury of Knowledge. English translations of shes bya kun khyab mdzod by the Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group in The Treasury of Knowledge series (TOK, Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1995 to 2012); mentioned here are Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group 1995 (Book 1) and 1998 (Book 5); Ngawang Zangpo 2010 (Books 2, 3, and 4); Callahan 2007 (Book 6, Part 3); and Dorje 2012 (Book 6 Parts 1–2). |
TPD | bstan ’gyur dpe bsdur ma [Comparative edition of the Tengyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 120 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 1994–2008. |
Bibliography
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Sūtras
klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa’i mdo (Sāgaranāgarājaparipṛcchāsūtra) [The Questions of Nāga King Sāgara (1)]. Toh 153. Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha, fol. 116a–198a); also KPD 58: 303–491. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2021).
dkon mchog sprin gyi mdo (Ratnameghasūtra) [The Jewel Cloud]. Toh 231. Degé Kangyur vol. 64 (mdo sde, va, fol. 1b–112b); also KPD 64: 3–313. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2019).
dkon brtsegs/ dkon mchog brtsegs pa’i mdo (Ratnakūṭa). The “Heap of Jewels” section of the Kangyur comprising Toh 45–93, Degé Kangyur vols. 39–44. Also KPD: 39–44.
rgya cher rol pa (Lalitavistarasūtra) [The Play in Full]. Toh 95, Degé Kangyur vol. 46 (mdo sde, kha, fol. 1b–216b); also KPD 46: 3–527. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2013).
chos yang dag par sdud pa’i mdo (Dharmasaṃgītisūtra). Toh 238, Degé Kangyur vol. 65 (mdo sde, zha, fol. 1b–99b); also KPD 65: 3–250. English translation in Tibetan Classics Translators Guild of New York (2024).
de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying rje chen po nges par bstan pa’i mdo (Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśasūtra) [The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata]. Toh 147, Degé Kangyur, vol. 57 (mdo sde, pa, fol. 142a–242b); also KPD 57: 377–636. English translation in Burchardi (2020).
phal po che’i mdo (sangs rgyas phal po che shin tu rgyas pa chen po’i mdo) (Avataṃsakasūtra Buddhāvataṃsakamahāvaipulyasūtra) [The Ornaments of the Buddhas]. Toh 44, Degé Kangyur vols. 35–38 (phal chen, vols. ka– a); also KPD 35–38. Translated Cleary (1984).
tshangs pa’i dra ba’i mdo (Brahmajālasūtra) [Sūtra of the Net of Brahmā]. Toh 352, Degé Kangyur vol. 76 (mdo sde, aḥ), fol. 70b–86a; also KPD76: 205–249. Translated from the Pali version in Bodhi (1978).
gzungs kyi dbang phyug rgyal po’i mdo (Dhāraṇīśvararājesūtra) [Sūtra of Dhāraṇīśvararāja]. An alternative title for Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśasūtra. Toh 147, q.v. English translation in Burchardi (2020).
theg pa chen po’i man ngag gi mdo (Mahāyānopadeśa). Toh 169, Degé Kangyur vol. 59 (mdo sde, ba), fol. 259–307.
yul ’khor skyong gi zhus pa’i mdo (Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā) [The Questions of Rāṣṭrapāla]. Toh 62, Degé Kangyur, vol. 42 (dkon brtsegs, nga), folios 227.a–257.a. English translation in Vienna Buddhist Translation Studies Group (2021).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭadaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines]. Toh 10, Degé Kangyur vols. 29–31 (shes phyin, khri brgyad, ka), f. 1b–ga, f. 206a; also KPD 29: p. 3–31: 495. Translated and edited in Conze (1975) and in Sparham (2022).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭasāhasarikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines]. Toh 12, Degé Kangyur vol. 33 (shes phyin, brgyad stong, ka), fol. 1b–286a; also KPD 33. Translated in Conze (1973).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines]. Toh 8. Degé Kangyur vols. 14–25 (shes phyin, ’bum, ka), f. 1b–a, f. 395a; also KPD 14–25. English translation in Sparham 2024.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-five Thousand Lines]. Toh 9, Degé Kangyur vols. 26–28 (shes phyin, nyi khri, ka), f. 1b–ga, f. 381a; also KPD 26–28. Annotated Sanskrit edition of the recast manuscript in Dutt (1934) and Kimura (1971–2009). Partially translated in Conze (1975) and fully translated in Padmakara Translation Group (2023).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa rdo rje gcod pa’i mdo (Vajracchedikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra) [Sūtra of the Adamantine Cutter [in Three Hundred Lines]. Toh 16, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 121a–132b; also KPD 34: 327–357. Translated in Red Pine (2001).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa tshigs su bcad pa (Prajñāpāramitāsañcayagāthā) [Verse Summation of the Transcendental Perfection of Wisdom]. Toh 13, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 1b–19b; also KPD 34: 3–44. Translated in Conze (1973).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i snying po (Prajñāpāramitāhṛdayasūtra) [Heart Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom]. Toh 21, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 144b–146a; also KPD 34, pp. 402–405. Translated in Red Pine (2004) and in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2022).
Indic Commentaries
Asaṅga. chos mngon pa kun las btus pa (Abhidharmasamuccaya) [The Compendium of Abhidharma]. Toh 4049. Degé Tengyur vol. 236 (sems tsam, ri), fol. 44b–120a; also TPD 76: 116–313. Translated from French in Boin-Webb (2001).
rnal ’byor spyod pa’i sa’i dngos gzhi (Yogacaryābhūmivastu). Toh 4035–4037, Degé Tengyur vols. 229–231 (sems tsam, tshi–vi). This is the first of the five parts of the Yogacaryā Level, comprising three texts: Yogacaryābhūmi (Toh 4035) and its sub-sections: Śrāvakabhūmi (Toh 4036) and Bodhisattvabhūmi (Toh 4037).
Haribhadra. mngon rtogs rgyan gyi snang ba (Abhisamayalaṃkārāloka) [Light for the Ornament of Emergent Realization]. Toh 3791, Degé Tengyur vol. 85 (shes phyin, cha), f. 1b–341a; also TPD 51: 891–1728. Translated in Sparham (2006–2012).
Kalyāṇamitra. ’dul bag zhi rgya cher ’grel pa (Vinayavastuṭīkā) [Great Commentary on the Chapters on Monastic Discipline]. Toh 4113, Degé Tengyur vol. 258 (’dul ba, tsu), f. 177a–326a; also TPD 87: 481–883.
Maitreya. [shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos] mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan (Abhisamayālaṃkāra-[nāma-prajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrakārikā]) [Ornament of Clear Realization]. Toh 3786, Degé Tengyur vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), fol. 1b–13a; also TPD 49: 3–30. Translated in Conze (1954) and Thrangu (2004).
[theg pa chen po] mdo sde’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa ([Mahāyāna]sūtrālaṃkārakārikā) [Ornament of the Sūtras of the Great Vehicle]. Toh 4020, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), f. 1b–39a; also TPD 70: 805–890 Translated in Jamspal et al. (2004).
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma’i bstan bcos (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra) [Ultimate Continuum of the Great Vehicle]. Toh 4024, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), f. 54b–73a; also TPD 70: 935–979. Translated in Holmes, Kenneth and Katia Holmes. The Changeless Nature. Eskdalemuir: Karma Drubgyud Drajay Ling, 1985. See also Takasaki, Jikido. A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra). SOR XXXIII. Roma: ISMEO, 1966.
Ratnākāraśānti. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i dka’ ’grel snying po mchog (Aṣṭasāhasarikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottama). Toh 3803, Degé Tengyur, vol. 89 (shes phyin, tha), f. 1b–230a; also TPD 53: 711–1317.
Vasubandhu. chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi bshad pa (Abhidharmakośabhāṣya). Toh 4090, Degé Tengyur vol. 242 (mngon pa, ku), fol. 26b–258a; also TPD 79: 65–630. Translated from the French in Pruden (1988–1990).
chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi tshig le’ur byas pa (Abhidharmakośakārikā). Toh 4089, Degé Tengyur vol. 242 (mngon pa, ku), fol. 1b–25a; also TPD 79: 3–59. Translated from the French in Pruden (1988–1990).
Vasubandhu/Dāṃṣṭrasena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum pa dang nyi khri lnga stong pa dang khri brgyad stong pa’i rgya cher bshad pa (Śatasahāsrikāpañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajnā-pāramitābṛhaṭṭīkā) [The Long Explanation of the Noble Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand, Twenty-Five Thousand, and Eighteen Thousand Lines]. Toh 3808, Degé Tengyur vol. 93 (shes phyin, pha), fol. 1b–292b; also TPD 55: 645–1376. English translation in Sparham (2022).
Vimuktisena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi ’grel pa (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitopdeśaśāstrābhisamayālaṃkāravṛtti) [Commentary on the Ornament of Clear Realization: A Treatise of Instruction on the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines]. Toh 3787, Degé Tengyur, vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), f. 14b–212a); also TPD 49: 33–530. Translated in Sparham (2006–2012).
Indigenous Tibetan Works
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Kawa Paltsek (ka ba dpal brtsegs) and Namkhai Nyingpo (nam mkha’i snying po). ldan dkar ma (pho brang stod thang ldan dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 308 (sna tshogs, jo), f. 294b–310a; also TPD 116: 786–827.
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Zhang Yisun et al. bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo. 3 vols. Subsequently reprinted in 2 vols. and 1 vol. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1985. Translated in Nyima and Dorje 2001 (vol. 1).
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———trans. (2022a). The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines (Aṣṭadaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā, Toh 10). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
———, trans. (2022b). The Long Explanation of the Noble Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand, Twenty-Five Thousand, and Eighteen Thousand Lines ———, trans. (2024). The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā, Toh 8). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
Strauch, Ingo. (2007–2008), “The Bajaur collection: A new collection of Kharoṣṭhī manuscripts. A preliminary catalogue and survey.”
Thrangu Rinpoche, Khenchen et al, trans. The Ornament of Clear Realization. Auckland: Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Charitable Trust Publications, 2004.
Tibetan Classics Translators Guild of New York, trans. The Dharma Council (Dharmasaṅgīti, Toh 238). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024.
Vienna Buddhist Translation Studies Group, trans. The Questions of Rāṣṭrapāla (Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchāsūtra, Toh 62). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2021.
Williams, Paul. Mahāyāna Buddhism. London: Routledge, 1989.
Glossary
Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language
Attested in source text
This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.
Attested in other text
This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.
Attested in dictionary
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Approximate attestation
The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.
Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering
This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.
Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering
This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.
Source unspecified
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abdomen is not misshapen
- sku ma rnyongs pa
- སྐུ་མ་རྙོངས་པ།
- abhugnakukṣitā
abdomen is slender
- phyal phyang nge ba
- ཕྱལ་ཕྱང་ངེ་བ།
- kṣāmodaratā
abdomen that is unwrinkled
- sku la gnyer ma med pa
- སྐུ་ལ་གཉེར་མ་མེད་པ།
- mṛṣṭakukṣitā
Ābhāsvara
- ’od gsal
- འོད་གསལ།
- ābhāsvara
abide
- gnas
- གནས།
- adhitiṣṭhati
abides in the sense field of infinite consciousness
- rnam shes mtha’ yas skye mched la gnas pa
- རྣམ་ཤེས་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ལ་གནས་པ།
- vijñānānantyāyatanaṃ viharati
abides in the sense field of infinite space
- nam mkha’ mtha’ yas skye mched la gnas pa
- ནམ་མཁའ་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ལ་གནས་པ།
- ākāśānantyāyatanaṃ viharati
abiding
- gnas pa
- གནས་པ།
- adhitiṣṭhan
Abiding in the Real Nature Without Mentation
- de bzhin nyid la gnas shing sems med pa
- དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་ལ་གནས་ཤིང་སེམས་མེད་པ།
- tathatāsthitaniścita
abiding nature of all things
- chos rnams kyi chos gnas pa nyid
- ཆོས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་གནས་པ་ཉིད།
- dharmasthititā
abiding nature of phenomena
- chos gnas pa nyid
- ཆོས་གནས་པ་ཉིད།
- dharmasthititā
abiding of phenomena in the real nature
- de bzhin nyid du chos gnas pa
- དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་དུ་ཆོས་གནས་པ།
- tathatādharmasthiti
Abiding Without Mentation
- sems med par gnas pa
- སེམས་མེད་པར་གནས་པ།
- niścitta
abode
- gnas
- གནས།
- layana
absence of distinguishing counterparts
- ldog pa
- ལྡོག་པ།
- vyāvṛtti
absence of dogmatic assumptions
- mchog tu ’dzin pa med pa
- མཆོག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པ་མེད་པ།
- aparāmarśaṇatā
Absence of Joy with Respect to All Happiness and Suffering
- bde ba dang sdug bsngal thams cad la mngon par dga’ ba med pa
- བདེ་བ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ་མེད་པ།
- sarvasukhaduḥkhanirabhinandī
absolutely existent
- yang dag par yongs su grub pa
- ཡང་དག་པར་ཡོངས་སུ་གྲུབ་པ།
- pariniṣpanna
absolutely void
- shin tu dben pa
- ཤིན་ཏུ་དབེན་པ།
- atyantavivikta
absorb
- sdud par bgyid
- སྡུད་པར་བགྱིད།
- parigrahakaroti
absorption in cessation
- ’gog pa’i snyoms par ’jug pa
- འགོག་པའི་སྙོམས་པར་འཇུག་པ།
- nirodhasamāpatti
abundant in splendor
- dbang ’byor pa
- དབང་འབྱོར་པ།
- abhujiṣya
accept
- khas len
- ཁས་ལེན།
- upaiti
acceptance
- bzod pa
- བཟོད་པ།
- kṣānti
acceptance that phenomena are non-arising
- mi skye pa’i chos la bzod pa
- མི་སྐྱེ་པའི་ཆོས་ལ་བཟོད་པ།
- anutapattikadharmakṣānti
accepted
- yongs su zin pa
- ཡོངས་སུ་ཟིན་པ།
- parigṛhīta
accommodate
- go ’byed
- གོ་འབྱེད།
- avakāśa bhavati
Accumulation of All Attributes
- yon tan thams cad kyi tshogs su gyur pa
- ཡོན་ཏན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་སུ་གྱུར་པ།
- sarvaguṇasaṃcaya
acquire the precepts on the basis of actual reality
- chos nyid kyis thob pa
- ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་ཐོབ་པ།
- dharmatāpratilambhika
acquisitiveness
- kun tu ’dzin pa’i sems
- yongs su ’dzin pa
- ཀུན་ཏུ་འཛིན་པའི་སེམས།
- ཡོངས་སུ་འཛིན་པ།
- āgrahacitta
- udgrahacitta
- parigraha
actions (physical, verbal and mental) that are tainted with the inadmissible transgressions
- (lus kyi las dang ngag gi las dang yid kyi) las kha na ma tho ba dang bcas pa
- ༼ལུས་ཀྱི་ལས་དང་ངག་གི་ལས་དང་ཡིད་ཀྱི༽ ལས་ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོ་བ་དང་བཅས་པ།
- sāvadyasya kāyavāgmanaskarma
actor
- byed pa po
- བྱེད་པ་པོ།
- kartṛ
actual birth
- skye ba
- སྐྱེ་བ།
- jāti
actualize
- mngon sum du byed
- mngon par grub
- མངོན་སུམ་དུ་བྱེད།
- མངོན་པར་གྲུབ།
- sākṣātkaroti
- abhinirvartate
- abhinirharati
actualize formative predispositions
- ’du byed rnams mngon par ’du byed
- འདུ་བྱེད་རྣམས་མངོན་པར་འདུ་བྱེད།
- abhisaṃskārān abhisaṃskaroti
Adamantine
- rdo rje lta bu
- རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུ།
- vajropama
adamantine gnosis
- rdo rje lta bu’i ye shes
- རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡེ་ཤེས།
- vajropamajñāna
adamantine meditative stability
- rdo rje lta bu’i ting nge ’dzin
- རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
- vajropamasamādhi
adopt the precepts
- yang dag pa blang
- ཡང་དག་པ་བླང་།
- samādānavirati
advance courageously
- gnon
- གནོན།
- parākramate
advantage
- phan yon
- ཕན་ཡོན།
- anuśaṃsā
afflicted
- kun nas nyon mongs pa
- nyon mongs
- ཀུན་ནས་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- saṃkleśika
- vihanyati
afflicted mental state
- nyon mongs
- kun nas nyong mongs pa
- sems las byung ba’i nye ba’i nyon mongs pa
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- ཀུན་ནས་ཉོང་མོངས་པ།
- སེམས་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ཉེ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- kleśa
- saṃkleśa
- caitasikopakleśa
afraid and terrified (be)
- dngang la dngang bar ’gyur
- དངང་ལ་དངང་བར་འགྱུར།
- saṃtrāsamāpatsyate
afraid (be)
- dngang
- དངང་།
- saṃtrāsam apadyate
afraid (will be)
- dngang bar ’gyur
- དངང་བར་འགྱུར།
- samtrāsam āpatsyate
agent
- byed du ’jug pa po
- byed pa po
- བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་པ་པོ།
- བྱེད་པ་པོ།
- kārāpaka
- kartṛ
aggregate of consciousness
- rnam par shes pa’i phung po
- རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vijñānaskandha
aggregate of ethical discipline
- tshul khrims kyi phung po
- ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- śīlaskandha
aggregate of feelings
- tshor ba’i phung po
- ཚོར་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vedanāskandha
aggregate of formative predispositions
- ’du byed kyi phung po
- འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- saṃskāraskandha
aggregate of liberation
- rnam par grol ba’i phung po
- རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vimuktiskandha
aggregate of meditative stability
- ting nge ’dzin gyi phung po
- ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- samādhiskandha
aggregate of perceptions
- ’du shes kyi phung po
- འདུ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- saṃjñāskandha
aggregate of physical forms
- gzugs kyi phung po
- གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- rūpaskandha
aggregate of the perception of liberating gnosis
- rnam par grol ba’i ye shes mthong ba’i phung po
- རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཐོང་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vimuktijñānadarśanaskandha
aggregate of wisdom
- shes rab kyi phung po
- ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- prajñāskandha
aging and death
- rga shi
- རྒ་ཤི།
- jarāmaraṇa
agitation
- ’khrugs pa
- འཁྲུགས་པ།
- kṣobhaṇa
agitation and regret
- rgod pa dang ’gyod pa
- རྒོད་པ་དང་འགྱོད་པ།
- auddhatyakaukṛtya
Akaniṣṭha
- ’og min
- འོག་མིན།
- akaniṣṭha
Akṣobhya
- mi ’khrugs pa
- མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
- akṣobhya
alert
- shes bzhin can
- ཤེས་བཞིན་ཅན།
- saṃprajāna
alertness
- shes bzhin
- ཤེས་བཞིན།
- samprajanya
alien
- ’gyes pa
- འགྱེས་པ།
- parataḥ
alienated (be)
- sems gzhan du ’gyur
- gzhan nyid du ’gyur
- སེམས་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར།
- གཞན་ཉིད་དུ་འགྱུར།
- cittasyānyathā bhavati
- anyatvamāpadyate
all the activities of their bodies are preceded by gnosis and followed by gnosis
- lus kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
- ལུས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
- sarvakāyakarmajñānapūrvagamaṃ jñānānuparivarti
all the activities of their minds are preceded by gnosis and followed by gnosis
- yid kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
- ཡིད་ཀྱི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
- sarvamanaḥkarmajñānapūrvagamaṃ jñānānuparivarti
all the activities of their speech are preceded by gnosis and followed by gnosis
- ngag gi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
- ངག་གི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
- sarvavākkarmajñānapūrvagamaṃ jñānānuparivarti