co.

Table of Contents

s.

Summary

s.­1

While dwelling at Vulture Peak near Rāja­gṛha, the Buddha sets in motion the sūtras that are the most extensive of all‍—the sūtras on the Prajñā­pāramitā, or “Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom.” Committed to writing around the start of the first millennium, these sūtras were expanded and contracted in the centuries that followed, eventually amounting to twenty-three volumes in the Tibetan Kangyur. Among them, The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines is a compact and coherent restatement of the longer versions, uniquely extant in Tibetan translation, without specific commentaries, and rarely studied. While the structure generally follows that of the longer versions, chapters 1–2 conveniently summarize all three hundred and sixty-seven categories of phenomena, causal and fruitional attributes which the sūtra examines in the light of wisdom or discriminative awareness. Chapter 31 and the final chapter 33 conclude with an appraisal of irreversible bodhisattvas, the pitfalls of rejecting this teaching, and the blessings that accrue from committing it to writing.

ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group under the direction of Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche and Pema Wangyal Rinpoche. The text was translated, introduced, and annotated by Dr. Gyurme Dorje, and edited by Charles Hastings and John Canti with contributions from Greg Seton.

This translation has been completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­2

Work on this text was made possible thanks to generous donations made by Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche; respectfully and humbly offered by Judy Cole, William Tai, Jie Chi Tai and families; by Shi Jing and family; by Wang Kang Wei and Zhao Yun Qi and family; and by Matthew, Vivian, Ye Kong and family. They are all most gratefully acknowledged.

Text Body

The Translation
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra
The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines
c.

Colophon

c.­1

This translation was edited and redacted by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra and Prajñāvarman, along with the editor-in-chief and translator Bandé Yeshé Dé.

ye dharmā hetuprabhavā hetun teṣāṃ tathāgato bhavat āha teṣāṃ ca yo nirodho evaṃ vādī mahāśramaṇaḥ [ye svāhā]

“Whatever events arise from a cause, the Tathā­gata has told the cause thereof, and the great virtuous ascetic has also taught their cessation.”

ab.

Abbreviations

ARIRIAB Annual Report of the International Research Institute of Advanced Buddhology. Tokyo: SOKA University.
ISMEO Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Orient
KPD bka’ ’gyur dpe bsdur ma [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009.
LTWA Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, H.P., India
SOR Serie Orientale Roma
TOK ’jam mgon kong sprul, The Treasury of Knowledge. English translations of shes bya kun khyab mdzod by the Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group in The Treasury of Knowledge series (TOK, Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1995 to 2012); mentioned here are Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group 1995 (Book 1) and 1998 (Book 5); Ngawang Zangpo 2010 (Books 2, 3, and 4); Callahan 2007 (Book 6, Part 3); and Dorje 2012 (Book 6 Parts 1–2).
TPD bstan ’gyur dpe bsdur ma [Comparative edition of the Tengyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 120 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 1994–2008.
b.

Bibliography

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shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo, Daśa­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 31, pp. 530–763 and vol. 32, pp. 3–763.

Dutt, Nalinaksha. Pañca­viṃśati­sāhasrikā Prajñā­pāramitā, edition of the recast Sanskrit manuscript (Part One). Calcutta Oriental Series, No. 28. London: Luzac & Co., 1934.

Kimura, Takayasu. Pañca­viṃśati­sāhasrikā Prajñā­pāramitā, edition of the recast Sanskrit manuscript (Parts One–Eight). Part One (2007), Parts Two–Three (1986), Part Four (1990), Part Five (1992), and Parts Six–Eight (2006). Tokyo: Sankibo Busshorin Publishing Co. Ltd., 1986–2007.

Secondary References

Sūtras

klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa’i mdo (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā­sūtra) [The Questions of Nāga King Sāgara (1)]. Toh 153. Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha, fol. 116a–198a); also KPD 58: 303–491. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2021).

dkon mchog sprin gyi mdo (Ratna­megha­sūtra) [The Jewel Cloud]. Toh 231. Degé Kangyur vol. 64 (mdo sde, va, fol. 1b–112b); also KPD 64: 3–313. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2019).

dkon brtsegs/ dkon mchog brtsegs pa’i mdo (Ratna­kūṭa). The “Heap of Jewels” section of the Kangyur comprising Toh 45–93, Degé Kangyur vols. 39–44. Also KPD: 39–44.

rgya cher rol pa (Lalita­vistara­sūtra) [The Play in Full]. Toh 95, Degé Kangyur vol. 46 (mdo sde, kha, fol. 1b–216b); also KPD 46: 3–527. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2013).

chos yang dag par sdud pa’i mdo (Dharma­saṃgīti­sūtra). Toh 238, Degé Kangyur vol. 65 (mdo sde, zha, fol. 1b–99b); also KPD 65: 3–250. English translation in Tibetan Classics Translators Guild of New York (2024).

de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying rje chen po nges par bstan pa’i mdo (Tathā­gata­mahā­karuṇā­nirdeśa­sūtra) [The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata]. Toh 147, Degé Kangyur, vol. 57 (mdo sde, pa, fol. 142a–242b); also KPD 57: 377–636. English translation in Burchardi (2020).

phal po che’i mdo (sangs rgyas phal po che shin tu rgyas pa chen po’i mdo) (Ava­taṃsaka­sūtra Buddhāva­taṃsaka­mahā­vaipulya­sūtra) [The Ornaments of the Buddhas]. Toh 44, Degé Kangyur vols. 35–38 (phal chen, vols. ka– a); also KPD 35–38. Translated Cleary (1984).

tshangs pa’i dra ba’i mdo (Brahma­jāla­sūtra) [Sūtra of the Net of Brahmā]. Toh 352, Degé Kangyur vol. 76 (mdo sde, aḥ), fol. 70b–86a; also KPD76: 205–249. Translated from the Pali version in Bodhi (1978).

gzungs kyi dbang phyug rgyal po’i mdo (Dhāraṇīśvara­rāje­sūtra) [Sūtra of Dhāraṇīśvararāja]. An alternative title for Tathā­gata­mahā­karuṇā­nirdeśa­sūtra. Toh 147, q.v. English translation in Burchardi (2020).

theg pa chen po’i man ngag gi mdo (Mahā­yānopadeśa). Toh 169, Degé Kangyur vol. 59 (mdo sde, ba), fol. 259–307.

yul ’khor skyong gi zhus pa’i mdo (Rāṣṭra­pāla­paripṛcchā) [The Questions of Rāṣṭrapāla]. Toh 62, Degé Kangyur, vol. 42 (dkon brtsegs, nga), folios 227.a–257.a. English translation in Vienna Buddhist Translation Studies Group (2021).

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭa­daśa­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines]. Toh 10, Degé Kangyur vols. 29–31 (shes phyin, khri brgyad, ka), f. 1b–ga, f. 206a; also KPD 29: p. 3–31: 495. Translated and edited in Conze (1975) and in Sparham (2022).

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭa­sāhasarikā­prajñā­pāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines]. Toh 12, Degé Kangyur vol. 33 (shes phyin, brgyad stong, ka), fol. 1b–286a; also KPD 33. Translated in Conze (1973).

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa (Śata­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines]. Toh 8. Degé Kangyur vols. 14–25 (shes phyin, ’bum, ka), f. 1b–a, f. 395a; also KPD 14–25. English translation in Sparham 2024.

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa (Pañca­viṃśati­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-five Thousand Lines]. Toh 9, Degé Kangyur vols. 26–28 (shes phyin, nyi khri, ka), f. 1b–ga, f. 381a; also KPD 26–28. Annotated Sanskrit edition of the recast manuscript in Dutt (1934) and Kimura (1971–2009). Partially translated in Conze (1975) and fully translated in Padmakara Translation Group (2023).

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa rdo rje gcod pa’i mdo (Vajracchedikā­prajñā­pāramitā­sūtra) [Sūtra of the Adamantine Cutter [in Three Hundred Lines]. Toh 16, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 121a–132b; also KPD 34: 327–357. Translated in Red Pine (2001).

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa tshigs su bcad pa (Prajñā­pāramitā­sañcaya­gāthā) [Verse Summation of the Transcendental Perfection of Wisdom]. Toh 13, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 1b–19b; also KPD 34: 3–44. Translated in Conze (1973).

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i snying po (Prajñā­pāramitā­hṛdaya­sūtra) [Heart Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom]. Toh 21, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 144b–146a; also KPD 34, pp. 402–405. Translated in Red Pine (2004) and in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2022).

Indic Commentaries

A­saṅga. chos mngon pa kun las btus pa (Abhi­dharma­samuccaya) [The Compendium of Abhidharma]. Toh 4049. Degé Tengyur vol. 236 (sems tsam, ri), fol. 44b–120a; also TPD 76: 116–313. Translated from French in Boin-Webb (2001).

rnal ’byor spyod pa’i sa’i dngos gzhi (Yoga­caryā­bhūmi­vastu). Toh 4035–4037, Degé Tengyur vols. 229–231 (sems tsam, tshi–vi). This is the first of the five parts of the Yogacaryā Level, comprising three texts: Yogacaryā­bhūmi (Toh 4035) and its sub-sections: Śrāvaka­bhūmi (Toh 4036) and Bodhi­sattva­bhūmi (Toh 4037).

Hari­bhadra. mngon rtogs rgyan gyi snang ba (Abhi­samayalaṃkārāloka) [Light for the Ornament of Emergent Realization]. Toh 3791, Degé Tengyur vol. 85 (shes phyin, cha), f. 1b–341a; also TPD 51: 891–1728. Translated in Sparham (2006–2012).

Kalyāṇamitra. ’dul bag zhi rgya cher ’grel pa (Vinaya­vastu­ṭīkā) [Great Commentary on the Chapters on Monastic Discipline]. Toh 4113, Degé Tengyur vol. 258 (’dul ba, tsu), f. 177a–326a; also TPD 87: 481–883.

Maitreya. [shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos] mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan (Abhi­samayālaṃkāra-[nāma-prajñā­pāramitopadeśa­śāstra­kārikā]) [Ornament of Clear Realization]. Toh 3786, Degé Tengyur vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), fol. 1b–13a; also TPD 49: 3–30. Translated in Conze (1954) and Thrangu (2004).

[theg pa chen po] mdo sde’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa ([Mahā­yāna]­sūtrālaṃkāra­kārikā) [Ornament of the Sūtras of the Great Vehicle]. Toh 4020, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), f. 1b–39a; also TPD 70: 805–890 Translated in Jamspal et al. (2004).

theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma’i bstan bcos (Mahā­yānottara­tantra­śāstra) [Ultimate Continuum of the Great Vehicle]. Toh 4024, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), f. 54b–73a; also TPD 70: 935–979. Translated in Holmes, Kenneth and Katia Holmes. The Changeless Nature. Eskdalemuir: Karma Drubgyud Drajay Ling, 1985. See also Takasaki, Jikido. A Study on the Ratna­gotra­vibhāga (Uttara­tantra). SOR XXXIII. Roma: ISMEO, 1966.

Ratnākāra­śānti. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i dka’ ’grel snying po mchog (Aṣṭa­sāhasarikā­prajñā­pāramitā­pañjikā­sārottama). Toh 3803, Degé Tengyur, vol. 89 (shes phyin, tha), f. 1b–230a; also TPD 53: 711–1317.

Vasubandhu. chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi bshad pa (Abhi­dharma­kośa­bhāṣya). Toh 4090, Degé Tengyur vol. 242 (mngon pa, ku), fol. 26b–258a; also TPD 79: 65–630. Translated from the French in Pruden (1988–1990).

chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi tshig le’ur byas pa (Abhi­dharma­kośa­kārikā). Toh 4089, Degé Tengyur vol. 242 (mngon pa, ku), fol. 1b–25a; also TPD 79: 3–59. Translated from the French in Pruden (1988–1990).

Vasubandhu/Dāṃṣṭrasena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum pa dang nyi khri lnga stong pa dang khri brgyad stong pa’i rgya cher bshad pa (Śata­sahāsrikā­pañca­viṃśati­sāhasrikāṣṭā­daśa­sāhasrikā­prajnā-pāramitā­bṛhaṭṭīkā) [The Long Explanation of the Noble Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand, Twenty-Five Thousand, and Eighteen Thousand Lines]. Toh 3808, Degé Tengyur vol. 93 (shes phyin, pha), fol. 1b–292b; also TPD 55: 645–1376. English translation in Sparham (2022).

Vi­mukti­sena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi ’grel pa (Pañca­viṃśati­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitopdeśa­śāstrābhi­samayālaṃkāra­vṛtti) [Commentary on the Ornament of Clear Realization: A Treatise of Instruction on the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines]. Toh 3787, Degé Tengyur, vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), f. 14b–212a); also TPD 49: 33–530. Translated in Sparham (2006–2012).

Indigenous Tibetan Works

Jamgön Kongtrül (’jam mgon kong sprul). shes bya kun khyab mdzod [The Treasury of Knowledge]. Root verses contained in three-volume publication. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1982; Boudhnath: Padma Karpo Translation Committee edition, 2000 (photographic reproduction of the original four-volume Palpung xylograph, 1844). Translated, along with the auto-commentary, by the Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group in The Treasury of Knowledge series (TOK). Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1995 to 2012. Mentioned here are Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group 1995 (Book 1) and 1998 (Book 5); Ngawang Zangpo 2010 (Books 2, 3, and 4); Callahan 2007 (Book 6, Part 3); and Dorje 2012 (Book 6 Parts 1-2).

Kawa Paltsek (ka ba dpal brtsegs) and Namkhai Nyingpo (nam mkha’i snying po). ldan dkar ma (pho brang stod thang ldan dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 308 (sna tshogs, jo), f. 294b–310a; also TPD 116: 786–827.

Nordrang Orgyan (nor brang o rgyan). chos rnam kun btus. 3 vols. Beijing: Krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang, 2008.

Situ Paṇchen (si tu paṇ chen) or Situ Chökyi Jungné (si tu chos kyi ’byung gnas). sde dge’i bka’ ’gyur dkar chags. Degé Kangyur, vol. 103 (dkar chags, lak+S+mI and shrI), Toh 4568; also Chengdu: Sichuan Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1989.

Various, bye brag tu rtogs par byed pa (Mahāvyutpatti). Toh 4346, Degé Tengyur vol. 306 (sna tshogs, co), f. 1b–131a; also TPD 115: 3–254. Sakaki, Ryozaburo, ed. (1916–25); reprint, 1965.

Zhang Yisun et al. bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo. 3 vols. Subsequently reprinted in 2 vols. and 1 vol. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1985. Translated in Nyima and Dorje 2001 (vol. 1).

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‍—‍—‍—(2000). A Gāndhārī Version of the Rhinoceros Sutra: British Library Kharoṣṭhi Fragment 5B, Seattle and London: Univ. of Washington Press.

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Sparham, Gareth, trans. (2006-2012). Abhisamayālaṃkāra with vṛtti and ālokā / vṛtti by Ārya Vi­mukti­sena; ālokā by Haribhadra. 4 vols. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing.

‍—‍—‍—trans. (2022a). The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines (Aṣṭa­daśa­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā, Toh 10). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

‍—‍—‍—, trans. (2022b). The Long Explanation of the Noble Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand, Twenty-Five Thousand, and Eighteen Thousand Lines

‍—‍—‍—, trans. (2024). The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines (Śata­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā, Toh 8). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

(*Ārya­śata­sāhasrikā­pañca­viṃśati­sāhasrikāṣṭā­daśa­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā­bṛhaṭṭīkā, Toh 3808). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2022.

Strauch, Ingo. (2007–2008), “The Bajaur collection: A new collection of Kharoṣṭhī manuscripts. A preliminary catalogue and survey.”

Thrangu Rinpoche, Khenchen et al, trans. The Ornament of Clear Realization. Auckland: Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Charitable Trust Publications, 2004.

Tibetan Classics Translators Guild of New York, trans. The Dharma Council (Dharmasaṅgīti, Toh 238). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024.

Vienna Buddhist Translation Studies Group, trans. The Questions of Rāṣṭrapāla (Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchāsūtra, Toh 62). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2021.

Williams, Paul. Mahāyāna Buddhism. London: Routledge, 1989.

g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

abdomen is not misshapen

  • sku ma rnyongs pa
  • སྐུ་མ་རྙོངས་པ།
  • a­bhugna­kukṣi­tā

Fifty-seventh of the eighty minor marks.

g.­2

abdomen is slender

  • phyal phyang nge ba
  • ཕྱལ་ཕྱང་ངེ་བ།
  • kṣāmodara­tā

Fifty-eighth of the eighty minor marks.

g.­3

abdomen that is unwrinkled

  • sku la gnyer ma med pa
  • སྐུ་ལ་གཉེར་མ་མེད་པ།
  • mṛṣṭa­kukṣi­tā

Literally, “unwrinkled body;” fifty-ninth of the eighty minor marks.

g.­4

Ābhāsvara

  • ’od gsal
  • འོད་གསལ།
  • ābhāsvara

Sixth god realm of form, meaning “luminosity.”

g.­6

abides in the sense field of infinite consciousness

  • rnam shes mtha’ yas skye mched la gnas pa
  • རྣམ་ཤེས་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ལ་གནས་པ།
  • vi­jñānānantyāyatanaṃ vi­harati

Eighth of the eight sense fields of mastery. See also n.­46.

g.­7

abides in the sense field of infinite space

  • nam mkha’ mtha’ yas skye mched la gnas pa
  • ནམ་མཁའ་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ལ་གནས་པ།
  • ākāśānantyāyatanaṃ vi­harati

Seventh of the eight sense fields of mastery. See also n.­46.

g.­9

Abiding in the Real Nature Without Mentation

  • de bzhin nyid la gnas shing sems med pa
  • དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་ལ་གནས་ཤིང་སེམས་མེད་པ།
  • tathatā­sthita­niścita

Name of the 108th meditative stability.

g.­10

abiding nature of all things

  • chos rnams kyi chos gnas pa nyid
  • ཆོས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་གནས་པ་ཉིད།
  • dharma­sthiti­tā

A synonym for emptiness, and the expanse of reality (dharmadhātu).

g.­11

abiding nature of phenomena

  • chos gnas pa nyid
  • ཆོས་གནས་པ་ཉིད།
  • dharma­sthiti­tā

A synonym for emptiness, and the expanse of reality (dharmadhātu).

g.­12

abiding of phenomena in the real nature

  • de bzhin nyid du chos gnas pa
  • དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་དུ་ཆོས་གནས་པ།
  • tathatā­dharma­sthiti
g.­13

Abiding Without Mentation

  • sems med par gnas pa
  • སེམས་མེད་པར་གནས་པ།
  • niś­citta

Name of the seventy-third meditative stability.

g.­14

abode

  • gnas
  • གནས།
  • layana

Also translated here as “sanctuary,” and “resting place.”

g.­15

absence of distinguishing counterparts

  • ldog pa
  • ལྡོག་པ།
  • vyāvṛtti

In Buddhist logic, the term “distinguishing counterpart” (vyāvṛtti, ldog pa) denotes a given phenomenon that conceptually appears to be the opposite of a phenomenon of a dissimilar class but is not actually existent, such as the idea of a specific form that appears in conceptual thought.

g.­16

absence of dogmatic assumptions

  • mchog tu ’dzin pa med pa
  • མཆོག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པ་མེད་པ།
  • a­parā­marśaṇa­tā
g.­17

Absence of Joy with Respect to All Happiness and Suffering

  • bde ba dang sdug bsngal thams cad la mngon par dga’ ba med pa
  • བདེ་བ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ་མེད་པ།
  • sarva­sukha­duḥkha­nirabhi­nandī

Name of the ninety-third meditative stability.

g.­18

absolutely existent

  • yang dag par yongs su grub pa
  • ཡང་དག་པར་ཡོངས་སུ་གྲུབ་པ།
  • pari­niṣpanna
g.­19

absolutely void

  • shin tu dben pa
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་དབེན་པ།
  • aty­anta­vivikta
g.­20

absorb

  • sdud par bgyid
  • སྡུད་པར་བགྱིད།
  • pari­graha­karoti
g.­21

absorption in cessation

  • ’gog pa’i snyoms par ’jug pa
  • འགོག་པའི་སྙོམས་པར་འཇུག་པ།
  • ni­rodha­samāpatti
g.­22

abundant in splendor

  • dbang ’byor pa
  • དབང་འབྱོར་པ།
  • a­bhujiṣya
g.­23

accept

  • khas len
  • ཁས་ལེན།
  • upaiti
g.­24

acceptance

  • bzod pa
  • བཟོད་པ།
  • kṣānti

Third of the four aspects of the path of preparation.

Also translated here as “tolerance.”

g.­25

acceptance that phenomena are non-arising

  • mi skye pa’i chos la bzod pa
  • མི་སྐྱེ་པའི་ཆོས་ལ་བཟོད་པ།
  • an­utapattika­dharma­kṣānti

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The bodhisattvas’ realization that all phenomena are unproduced and empty. It sustains them on the difficult path of benefiting all beings so that they do not succumb to the goal of personal liberation. Different sources link this realization to the first or eighth bodhisattva level (bhūmi).

g.­26

accepted

  • yongs su zin pa
  • ཡོངས་སུ་ཟིན་པ།
  • pari­gṛhīta

Also translated here as “favored.”

g.­27

accommodate

  • go ’byed
  • གོ་འབྱེད།
  • ava­kāśa bhavati
g.­28

Accumulation of All Attributes

  • yon tan thams cad kyi tshogs su gyur pa
  • ཡོན་ཏན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་སུ་གྱུར་པ།
  • sarvaguṇasaṃcaya

Name of the seventy-second meditative stability.

g.­29

acquire the precepts on the basis of actual reality

  • chos nyid kyis thob pa
  • ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་ཐོབ་པ།
  • dharmatā­prati­lambhika

The acquisition of vows through direct insight into the nature of reality rather than through formal ceremony.

g.­30

acquisitiveness

  • kun tu ’dzin pa’i sems
  • yongs su ’dzin pa
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་འཛིན་པའི་སེམས།
  • ཡོངས་སུ་འཛིན་པ།
  • ā­graha­citta
  • ud­graha­citta
  • pari­graha
g.­31

actions (physical, verbal and mental) that are tainted with the inadmissible transgressions

  • (lus kyi las dang ngag gi las dang yid kyi) las kha na ma tho ba dang bcas pa
  • ༼ལུས་ཀྱི་ལས་དང་ངག་གི་ལས་དང་ཡིད་ཀྱི༽ ལས་ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོ་བ་དང་བཅས་པ།
  • sāvadyasya kāya­vāg­manas­karma
g.­32

actor

  • byed pa po
  • བྱེད་པ་པོ།
  • kartṛ
g.­33

actual birth

  • skye ba
  • སྐྱེ་བ།
  • jāti

Eleventh of the twelve links of dependent origination.

g.­34

actualize

  • mngon sum du byed
  • mngon par grub
  • མངོན་སུམ་དུ་བྱེད།
  • མངོན་པར་གྲུབ།
  • sākṣāt­karoti
  • abhi­nir­vartate
  • abhi­nir­harati
g.­35

actualize formative predispositions

  • ’du byed rnams mngon par ’du byed
  • འདུ་བྱེད་རྣམས་མངོན་པར་འདུ་བྱེད།
  • abhi­saṃ­skārān abhi­saṃ­skaroti
g.­36

Adamantine

  • rdo rje lta bu
  • རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུ།
  • vajropama

Name of the tenth meditative stability.

g.­37

adamantine gnosis

  • rdo rje lta bu’i ye shes
  • རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡེ་ཤེས།
  • vajropama­jñāna
g.­38

adamantine meditative stability

  • rdo rje lta bu’i ting nge ’dzin
  • རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
  • vajropama­samādhi
g.­39

adopt the precepts

  • yang dag pa blang
  • ཡང་དག་པ་བླང་།
  • sam­ādāna­virati
g.­40

advance courageously

  • gnon
  • གནོན།
  • parā­kramate
g.­41

advantage

  • phan yon
  • ཕན་ཡོན།
  • anu­śaṃsā
g.­42

afflicted

  • kun nas nyon mongs pa
  • nyon mongs
  • ཀུན་ནས་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
  • ཉོན་མོངས།
  • saṃ­kleśika
  • vi­hanyati

See “afflicted mental state.”

g.­43

afflicted mental state

  • nyon mongs
  • kun nas nyong mongs pa
  • sems las byung ba’i nye ba’i nyon mongs pa
  • ཉོན་མོངས།
  • ཀུན་ནས་ཉོང་མོངས་པ།
  • སེམས་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ཉེ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
  • kleśa
  • saṃ­kleśa
  • caitasikopa­kleśa

The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements known as the afflicted mental states, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure. Included among them are the primary afflictions of fundamental ignorance, attachment, aversion, pride, doubt, and twenty subsidiary afflictions.

g.­44

afraid and terrified (be)

  • dngang la dngang bar ’gyur
  • དངང་ལ་དངང་བར་འགྱུར།
  • saṃtrāsam­ā­patsyate
g.­45

afraid (be)

  • dngang
  • དངང་།
  • saṃ­trāsam a­padyate
g.­46

afraid (will be)

  • dngang bar ’gyur
  • དངང་བར་འགྱུར།
  • sam­trāsam ā­patsyate
g.­47

agent

  • byed du ’jug pa po
  • byed pa po
  • བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་པ་པོ།
  • བྱེད་པ་པོ།
  • kārāpaka
  • kartṛ
g.­48

aggregate of consciousness

  • rnam par shes pa’i phung po
  • རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པའི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • vi­jñāna­skandha

Fifth of the five psycho-physical aggregates.

g.­49

aggregate of ethical discipline

  • tshul khrims kyi phung po
  • ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • śīla­skandha

First of the five definitive aggregates.

g.­50

aggregate of feelings

  • tshor ba’i phung po
  • ཚོར་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • vedanā­skandha

Second of the five psycho-physical aggregates.

g.­51

aggregate of formative predispositions

  • ’du byed kyi phung po
  • འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • saṃ­skāra­skandha

Fourth of the five psycho-physical aggregates.

g.­52

aggregate of liberation

  • rnam par grol ba’i phung po
  • རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • vi­mukti­skandha

Fourth of the five definitive aggregates.

g.­53

aggregate of meditative stability

  • ting nge ’dzin gyi phung po
  • ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • samādhi­skandha

Second of the five definitive aggregates.

g.­54

aggregate of perceptions

  • ’du shes kyi phung po
  • འདུ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • saṃ­jñā­skandha

Third of the five psycho-physical aggregates.

g.­55

aggregate of physical forms

  • gzugs kyi phung po
  • གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • rūpa­skandha

First of the five psycho-physical aggregates.

g.­56

aggregate of the perception of liberating gnosis

  • rnam par grol ba’i ye shes mthong ba’i phung po
  • རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཐོང་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • vi­mukti­jñāna­darśana­skandha

Fifth of the five definitive aggregates.

g.­57

aggregate of wisdom

  • shes rab kyi phung po
  • ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
  • prajñā­skandha

Third of the five definitive aggregates.

g.­58

aging and death

  • rga shi
  • རྒ་ཤི།
  • jarā­maraṇa

Twelfth of the twelve links of dependent origination.

g.­59

agitation

  • ’khrugs pa
  • འཁྲུགས་པ།
  • kṣobhaṇa
g.­60

agitation and regret

  • rgod pa dang ’gyod pa
  • རྒོད་པ་དང་འགྱོད་པ།
  • auddhatya­kaukṛtya

One of the five obscurations.

g.­61

Akaniṣṭha

  • ’og min
  • འོག་མིན།
  • akaniṣṭha

Fifth of the pure abodes, meaning “highest.”

g.­62

A­kṣobhya

  • mi ’khrugs pa
  • མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
  • a­kṣobhya

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Lit. “Not Disturbed” or “Immovable One.” The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhirati. A well-known buddha in Mahāyāna, regarded in the higher tantras as the head of one of the five buddha families, the vajra family in the east.

g.­63

alert

  • shes bzhin can
  • ཤེས་བཞིན་ཅན།
  • saṃ­prajāna
g.­64

alertness

  • shes bzhin
  • ཤེས་བཞིན།
  • sam­prajanya
g.­65

alien

  • ’gyes pa
  • འགྱེས་པ།
  • parataḥ
g.­66

alienated (be)

  • sems gzhan du ’gyur
  • gzhan nyid du ’gyur
  • སེམས་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར།
  • གཞན་ཉིད་དུ་འགྱུར།
  • cittasyānya­thā bhavati
  • anya­tvam­āpadyate
g.­67

all the activities of their bodies are preceded by gnosis and followed by gnosis

  • lus kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
  • ལུས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
  • sarva­kāya­karma­jñāna­pūrva­gamaṃ jñānānu­pari­varti

Thirteenth or sixteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.

g.­68

all the activities of their minds are preceded by gnosis and followed by gnosis

  • yid kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
  • ཡིད་ཀྱི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
  • sarva­manaḥ­karma­jñāna­pūrva­gamaṃ jñānānu­pari­varti

Fifteenth or eighteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.

g.­69

all the activities of their speech are preceded by gnosis and followed by gnosis

  • ngag gi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
  • ངག་གི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
  • sarva­vāk­karma­jñāna­pūrva­gamaṃ jñānānu­pari­varti

Fourteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.