One of the lower social classes that are outside, and beneath, the four castes.

The lowest of the untouchables in the Indian caste system.

One of the lower social classes that are outside, and beneath, the four castes.

The lowest of the untouchables in the social system of ancient India.

An outcaste or a member of the lowest (and despised) castes in Indian society.

The name of one of the lowest castes in India’s caste system.

The lowest and most disparaged class of people within the caste system of ancient India, they fall outside of the caste system altogether due to their low rank in society.

The lowest and most disparaged class of people within the caste system of ancient India, they fall outside of the caste system altogether due to their low rank in society.

The lowest and most disparaged class of people within the caste system of ancient India, they fall outside of the caste system altogether due to their low rank in society.

A member of the lower social classes that are outside the four castes.

A member of a tribe or ethnic group that falls outside the four caste categories (varṇa) of the brahmanical caste system. In brahmanical law books this social group of untouchables, also known as caṇḍālas, is sometimes defined as being as the result of the transgressive union of a low-caste śūdra man with a brahmin woman, but in origin the term was probably the name of a specific indigenous tribe.

One of the lower social classes that are outside, and beneath, the four castes.

The lowest and most disparaged class of people within the caste system of ancient India, they fall outside of the caste system altogether due to their low rank in society.

The lowest and most disparaged class of people within the caste system of ancient India, who fall outside of the caste system altogether due to their low rank in society.

Also rendered here as “outcast.”

Those considered at the lowest end of the Indian social system, traditionally those tasked with doing dirty and menial work thought to be “impure” in some way.