• 84000
  • The Collection
  • The Kangyur
  • Tantra
  • Tantra Collection
  • Unexcelled Yoga tantras
  • Toh 409
རྡོ་རྗེ་འཇིགས་བྱེད་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་པ།

The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction

Vajra­bhaira­vavidāraṇa
དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་འཇིགས་བྱེད་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་པའི་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
dpal rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po
The Glorious King of Tantras: The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction
Śrī­vajra­bhairava­vidāraṇa­tantra­rāja

Toh 409

Degé Kangyur, vol. 79 (rgyud, ga), folios 247.a–248.a

ᴛʀᴀɴsʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛɪʙᴇᴛᴀɴ ʙʏ
  • Gayādhara
  • Śākya Yeshé

Imprint

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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
tr. The Translation
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
1. The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction
c. Colophon
ab. Abbreviations
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Tibetan Sources
· Modern Sources
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

This short tantra, The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction, presents a dialogue between the bodhisattva Vajragarbha and the Blessed One, in which the latter gives detailed explanations of the meanings of the terms that constitute the tantra’s title. The majority of the tantra deals with elucidations of the various aspects of the word vajra, which center on a vajra’s quality of indestructibility and its ability to crush and destroy dualistic concepts.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

This publication was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

ac.­2

The text was translated, edited, and introduced by the 84000 translation team. Bruno Galasek-Hul produced the translation and wrote the introduction. Ryan Damron edited the translation and the introduction, and Dawn Collins copyedited the text. Martina Cotter was in charge of the digital publication process.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

In The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction, the bodhisattva Vajragarbha asks the Blessed One1 to explain the meaning of the key words from the tantra’s title.2 When the Blessed One finishes his initial short exposition of these terms, Vajragarbha, requests a more detailed explanation. The Blessed One assents by further elaborating on the terms, with most of his exposition focused on the term vajra. He explains vajra using the threefold framework of the “true vajra” (don gyi rdo rje), the “symbolic vajra” (rtags kyi rdo rje), and the “material vajra” (rdzas kyi rdo rje). Each of these categories is then elaborated on based on how they crush and destroy the dualistic concepts of subject and object. The Blessed One’s explanation seems to center on the quality of hardness and indestructibility ascribed to a vajra, a term that can also be translated as “diamond.”

i.­2

The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction is classified as an Unexcelled Yoga class (rnal ’byor bla na med pa’i rgyud), the highest of the four classes of tantra according to the new traditions (gsar ma) of the period of the later transmission (phyi dar) of Buddhism in Tibet.3 Within this class, the tantra belongs to the so-called Rali tantras (ra li’i rgyud),4 a group of tantras that form a subset of thirty-two shorter explanatory tantras from the Śaṃvara corpus in the Yoginītantra section (rnal ’byor ma’i rgyud) of the Degé Kangyur.5 Except for the title that seems to coincidentally contain the term vajrabhairava, which is also the name of the fierce buffalo-headed deity Vajrabhairava, The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction does not appear to have any explicit connection to the corpus associated with Vajrabhairava in the Kangyur.6 Because of their disputed status as authentic documents of Indian tantric Buddhism, the Rali tantras were excluded from the Kangyurs of Narthang and Lhasa (the latter being mainly based on Narthang).7

i.­3

According to the translator’s colophon, The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction was translated by the Indian paṇḍita Gayādhara and the Tibetan translator Drokmi Lotsāwa Śākya Yeshe (’brog mi lo tsā ba śākya ye shes), who also translated the other thirty-one Rali tantras in this group.8 This information suggests that the text was translated in the first half of the eleventh century ᴄᴇ. Nothing certain is known about the Indian provenance of these texts, as there are no extant Sanskrit versions and they are not cited or referenced in other works of Indic Buddhism.

i.­4

This English translation was prepared on the basis of the Tibetan translation preserved in the Degé Kangyur, in consultation with the Stok Palace Kangyur and the comparative notes in the Comparative Edition (dpe bsdur ma) of the Degé Kangyur.


Text Body

The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction

1.

The Translation

[F.247.a]


1.­1

Homage to the glorious Heruka.


Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was staying on top of Mount Meru together with an inestimable assembly, when the bodhisattva Vajragarbha circled the Blessed One three times, folded his hands, and asked:

1.­2
“Compassionate Blessed One, please explain:
What does vajra mean, and what is fearsome?
What does destruction mean, and what about tantra?
Please explain what king means.”
1.­3

The Blessed One replied:

1.­4
“Vajra has three aspects,
That are fearsome to the māra of the afflictive emotions and the others,9
And destructive to the enemy, the afflictive emotions, and so forth.
These are causal tantra, resultant tantra, and ultimate tantra;
It is these that are taught to be king.”
1.­5

Vajragarbha spoke again:


1.­6

“This does not provide specifics for the individual terms, so please explain them in detail.” [F.247.b]


1.­7

The Blessed One replied:

1.­8
“Vajra has three aspects:
The true vajra, the symbolic vajra,
And the material vajra.
Now, to explain the true vajra:
1.­9
“It is explained as the true vajra
Because it is undivided by dualistic thinking.
Each of the four initiations are vajras
And are described as ‘the four vajras.’
1.­10
“The symbolic vajra is of three kinds:
Three-pronged, five-pronged, and nine-pronged.
The three prongs represent body, speech, and mind;
The five prongs represent the five wisdoms;
And the nine prongs represent the nine levels of the three worlds.
1.­11
“The true vajra10 is of four kinds:
“The deity, with its colors and implements,
Connected to the vase initiation, is vajra
Because it crushes and destroys
The dualistic concepts of subject and object.
1.­12
“The channels, winds, and drops,
Connected to the secret initiation, are vajra
Because they crush and destroy
The dualistic concepts of subject and object.
1.­13
“Innate joy and the other joys
Connected to insight-wisdom are vajra
Because they crush and destroy
The dualistic concepts of subject and object.
1.­14
“The emptiness of the self-aware mind itself,
Connected with the fourth initiation, is vajra
Because it crushes and destroys
The dualistic concepts of subject and object.
1.­15
“Next is the symbolic vajra:
The three-pronged vajra is explained as body, speech, and mind,
Because a vajra crushes and destroys
Attachment, anger, and delusion.
1.­16
“The five-pronged vajra symbolizes the five wisdoms
Because it crushes and destroys
The five afflictions of pride and the rest.
1.­17
“Next, the material vajra
Is taught to be of four kinds:
“When sharp and triangular it pierces,
When four sided it purifies,
When round, it destroys all that is material,
While one with five angles fulfills desires.
Such are the material vajras.
1.­18
“The meaning of tantra is fourfold:
There are the two tantras, causal and resultant,
And the ultimate tantra that is king.
By gaining mastery over them all,
The tantra of wrong view is eliminated.”
1.­19

The Blessed One finished speaking, and the countless bodhisattvas in the assembly felt joy and devotion, and then rejoiced. After circling the Blessed One to the right three times, they disappeared by using their individual, miraculous powers.

1.­20

“The Destruction of The Glorious Vajrabhairava, A King of Tantras,” is complete. [F.248.a]


c.

Colophon

c.­1

This was translated by the paṇḍita Gayādhara and the translator-monk Śākya Yeshé.


ab.

Abbreviations

C Choné
D Degé
J Lithang
K Peking 1737 (Qianlong)
S Stok Palace MS
Y Yongle

n.

Notes

n.­1
It is not clear from the text if the term “Blessed One” (bhagavtat; bcom ldan ’das) refers to the Buddha Śākyamuni or another figure. The tantra begins with an homage to Heruka, but such opening homages are often added by the Tibetan translators and were not part of the original text.
n.­2
The structure of this tantra is similar to that of Toh 384, see Dharmachakra Translation Committee, trans. The Tantra That Resolves All Secrets, Toh 384, i.­11.
n.­3
For a general explanation of the terms and the structure and contents of this section of the Kangyur, see here.
n.­4
Tōhoku nos. 383–414.
n.­5
See also Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2012, i.­10.
n.­6
Tōhoku nos. 467–473. See also Siklós 1990, p. 96, note 3.
n.­7
Cf. Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2012, n.­1, and n.­15.
n.­8
Unfortunately, we neither possess many biographical details nor exact dates for these two important figures. Drokmi’s dates are tentatively given as 992/93–1043 or 1072. On Drokmi Lotsāwa, see The Treasury of Lives, and Dharmachakra Translation Committee 2012, i.­8. See also Davidson 2005, pp. 161–209.
n.­9
This is perhaps a reference to the “four māras,” the devaputramāra (lha’i bu’i bdud), the divine māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; mṛtyumāra (’chi bdag gi bdud), the māra of death; skandhamāra (phung po’i bdud), the māra of the aggregates, which is the body; and kleśamāra (nyon mongs pa’i bdud), the māra of the afflictive emotions.
n.­10
This translation follows C, J, K, and Y, in reading don gyi rdo rje. D and S read rdzas kyi rdo rje, “material vajra.”

b.

Bibliography

Tibetan Sources

dpal rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po (Śrī­vajra­bhairava­vidāraṇa­tantra­rāja). Toh 409, Degé Kangyur vol. 79 (rgyud, ga), folios 247.a–248.a.

dpal rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 79, pp. 741–43.

dpal rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po, Stok Palace Kangyur vol. 94 (rgyud, ga), folios 40.b–41.b.

Modern Sources

84000. The Tantra That Resolves All Secrets (Guhya­sarvacchinda­tantra, dpal gsang ba thams cad gcod pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po, Toh 384). Translated by Dharmachakra Translation Committee. Online Publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2012.

Davidson, Ronald. Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

Siklós, Bulcsu. The Vajrabhairava Tantras. Tibetan and Mongolian Texts with Introduction, Translation and Notes. Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1990.


g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

afflictive emotions

Wylie:
  • nyon mongs
Tibetan:
  • ཉོན་མོངས།
Sanskrit:
  • kleśa AD

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure and lead to unwholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind, acting as causes for continued existence in saṃsāra. Included among them are the primary afflictions of desire (rāga), anger (dveṣa), and ignorance (avidyā). It is said that there are eighty-four thousand of these negative mental qualities, for which the eighty-four thousand categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote.

Kleśa is also commonly translated as “negative emotions,” “disturbing emotions,” and so on. The Pāli kilesa, Middle Indic kileśa, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit kleśa all primarily mean “stain” or “defilement.” The translation “affliction” is a secondary development that derives from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of √kliś (“to harm,“ “to afflict”). Both meanings are noted by Buddhist commentators.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • n.­9
  • g.­5
g.­2

Blessed One

Wylie:
  • bcom ldan ’das
Tibetan:
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
Sanskrit:
  • bhagavat AD

In this text the Blessed One is Heruka.

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, this is an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­1-3
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­19
  • n.­1
  • g.­16
g.­3

channel

Wylie:
  • rtsa
Tibetan:
  • རྩ།
Sanskrit:
  • nāḍī AD

A channel in the subtle body conducting prāṇa.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­12
  • g.­4
  • g.­18
g.­4

drop

Wylie:
  • thig le
Tibetan:
  • ཐིག་ལེ།
Sanskrit:
  • bindu AD

A drop (as of liquids); a “drop” of concentrated energy in the channels of the subtle body.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­5

five wisdoms

Wylie:
  • ye shes lnga
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcajñāna

The five wisdoms that constitute a Buddha’s awakened state of mind. The five wisdoms are the transformations of the five afflictive emotions. The wisdoms are as follows: mirror-like wisdom, wisdom of discrimination, wisdom of equality, all-accomplishing wisdom, and the wisdom of the dharmadhātu.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­10
  • 1.­16
g.­6

four initiations

Wylie:
  • dbang bzhi
Tibetan:
  • དབང་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturabhiṣeka AD

Literally “sprinkling,” Skt. abhiṣeka is a ritual initiation that often functions as a deity initiation. Tantric initiation in Buddhism qualifies the initiand for the meditative practice of tutelary deities and their maṇḍalas. Historically, different systems of initiation have developed, and the particulars of any initiation ritual depend on the specific tantric system, the individual transmission, and the class of tantra. The four initiations of the highest yoga-tantra class are the so-called vase initiation, secret initiation, insight-wisdom or wisdom-consort initiation, and the fourth initiation.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­9
  • g.­10
  • g.­13
  • g.­17
g.­7

Gayādhara

Wylie:
  • ga ya dha ra
Tibetan:
  • ག་ཡ་དྷ་ར།
Sanskrit:
  • gayādhara

Gayādhara, c. 994–1043; Indian (possibly Bengali) paṇḍita who visited Tibet three times; teacher of Drokmi Śākya Yeshé; a complex personality and a key figure in the transmission to Tibet of the Hevajra materials later incorporated in the Lamdré (lam ’bras) tradition.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • i.­3
  • c.­1
  • g.­12
g.­8

Heruka

Wylie:
  • he ru ka
Tibetan:
  • ཧེ་རུ་ཀ
Sanskrit:
  • heruka AD

Generally, a type of wrathful deity associated with charnel grounds. In the higher classes of Buddhist tantra, the central deity of many maṇḍalas takes the form of an heruka.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­1
  • n.­1
  • g.­2
g.­9

Innate joy

Wylie:
  • lhan cig skyes dga’
Tibetan:
  • ལྷན་ཅིག་སྐྱེས་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • sahajānanda AD

The fourth of the four joys experienced during the initiatory process and subsequent tantric practice. It is equated with the realization of nondual bliss.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­13
g.­10

insight-wisdom

Wylie:
  • shes rab ye shes kyi dbang
Tibetan:
  • ཤེས་རབ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་དབང་།
Sanskrit:
  • prajñā­jñānābhiṣeka AD

The third of the four initiations in the higher tantras.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­13
  • g.­6
g.­11

Mount Meru

Wylie:
  • ri rab
Tibetan:
  • རི་རབ།
Sanskrit:
  • meru AD
  • sumeru AD

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

According to ancient Buddhist cosmology, this is the great mountain forming the axis of the universe. At its summit is Sudarśana, home of Śakra and his thirty-two gods, and on its flanks live the asuras. The mount has four sides facing the cardinal directions, each of which is made of a different precious stone. Surrounding it are several mountain ranges and the great ocean where the four principal island continents lie: in the south, Jambudvīpa (our world); in the west, Godānīya; in the north, Uttarakuru; and in the east, Pūrvavideha. Above it are the abodes of the desire realm gods. It is variously referred to as Meru, Mount Meru, Sumeru, and Mount Sumeru.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­1
g.­12

Śākya Yeshé

Wylie:
  • shAkya ye shes
Tibetan:
  • ཤཱཀྱ་ཡེ་ཤེས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Śākya Yeshé, commonly known as Drokmi Lotsāwa (’brog mi lo tsā ba), was a Tibetan translator from Lhatsé in Western Tsang and an important figure in the Lamdré (Tib. lam ’bras) lineage. Drokmi’s dates are uncertain, but Tibetan literature offers a range of possible dates, beginning in 990 ᴄᴇ and ending in 1074 ᴄᴇ. One of his principal teachers was the Indian paṇḍita Gayādhara.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • c.­1
  • g.­7
g.­13

secret initiation

Wylie:
  • gsang ba’i dbang
Tibetan:
  • གསང་བའི་དབང་།
Sanskrit:
  • guhyābhiṣeka AD

The second of the four initiations in the higher tantras.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­12
  • g.­6
g.­14

three worlds

Wylie:
  • khams gsum
Tibetan:
  • ཁམས་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  •  tridhātu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The three realms that contain all the various kinds of existence in saṃsāra: the desire realm, the form realm, and the formless realm.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­10
g.­15

vajra

Wylie:
  • rdo rje
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་རྗེ།
Sanskrit:
  • vajra AD

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

This term generally indicates indestructibility and stability. In the sūtras, vajra most often refers to the hardest possible physical substance, said to have divine origins. In some scriptures, it is also the name of the all-powerful weapon of Indra, which in turn is crafted from vajra material. In the tantras, the vajra is sometimes a scepter-like ritual implement, but the term can also take on other esoteric meanings.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­8-17
  • n.­10
g.­16

Vajragarbha

Wylie:
  • rdo rje snying po
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་རྗེ་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • vajragarbha AD

Name of a tantric bodhisattva. He is the interlocutor of the Blessed One in many tantras of the Unexcelled yoga class, most prominently in the Hevajra Tantra. He is also the bodhisattva who teaches The Ten Bhūmis.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­5
g.­17

vase initiation

Wylie:
  • bum pa’i dbang
Tibetan:
  • བུམ་པའི་དབང་།
Sanskrit:
  • kalaśābhiṣeka AD

The first of the four initiations in the higher tantras.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­11
  • g.­6
g.­18

winds

Wylie:
  • rlung
Tibetan:
  • རླུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • prāṇa AD

Subtle “energy” that moves in the channels of the tantric subtle body.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
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    The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction

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    84000. The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction (Vajra­bhaira­vavidāraṇa, rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa, Toh 409). Translated by 84000 Associate Translators. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2025. https://84000.co/translation/toh409.Copy
    84000. The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction (Vajra­bhaira­vavidāraṇa, rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa, Toh 409). Translated by 84000 Associate Translators, online publication, 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2025, 84000.co/translation/toh409.Copy
    84000. (2025) The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction (Vajra­bhaira­vavidāraṇa, rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa, Toh 409). (84000 Associate Translators, Trans.). Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha. https://84000.co/translation/toh409.Copy

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