The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction
Toh 409
Degé Kangyur, vol. 79 (rgyud, ga), folios 247.a–248.a
- Gayādhara
- Śākya Yeshé
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Table of Contents
Summary
This short tantra, The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction, presents a dialogue between the bodhisattva Vajragarbha and the Blessed One, in which the latter gives detailed explanations of the meanings of the terms that constitute the tantra’s title. The majority of the tantra deals with elucidations of the various aspects of the word vajra, which center on a vajra’s quality of indestructibility and its ability to crush and destroy dualistic concepts.
Acknowledgements
This publication was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
The text was translated, edited, and introduced by the 84000 translation team. Bruno Galasek-Hul produced the translation and wrote the introduction. Ryan Damron edited the translation and the introduction, and Dawn Collins copyedited the text. Martina Cotter was in charge of the digital publication process.
Introduction
In The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction, the bodhisattva Vajragarbha asks the Blessed One1 to explain the meaning of the key words from the tantra’s title.2 When the Blessed One finishes his initial short exposition of these terms, Vajragarbha, requests a more detailed explanation. The Blessed One assents by further elaborating on the terms, with most of his exposition focused on the term vajra. He explains vajra using the threefold framework of the “true vajra” (don gyi rdo rje), the “symbolic vajra” (rtags kyi rdo rje), and the “material vajra” (rdzas kyi rdo rje). Each of these categories is then elaborated on based on how they crush and destroy the dualistic concepts of subject and object. The Blessed One’s explanation seems to center on the quality of hardness and indestructibility ascribed to a vajra, a term that can also be translated as “diamond.”
The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction is classified as an Unexcelled Yoga class (rnal ’byor bla na med pa’i rgyud), the highest of the four classes of tantra according to the new traditions (gsar ma) of the period of the later transmission (phyi dar) of Buddhism in Tibet.3 Within this class, the tantra belongs to the so-called Rali tantras (ra li’i rgyud),4 a group of tantras that form a subset of thirty-two shorter explanatory tantras from the Śaṃvara corpus in the Yoginītantra section (rnal ’byor ma’i rgyud) of the Degé Kangyur.5 Except for the title that seems to coincidentally contain the term vajrabhairava, which is also the name of the fierce buffalo-headed deity Vajrabhairava, The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction does not appear to have any explicit connection to the corpus associated with Vajrabhairava in the Kangyur.6 Because of their disputed status as authentic documents of Indian tantric Buddhism, the Rali tantras were excluded from the Kangyurs of Narthang and Lhasa (the latter being mainly based on Narthang).7
According to the translator’s colophon, The Fearsome Vajra of Destruction was translated by the Indian paṇḍita Gayādhara and the Tibetan translator Drokmi Lotsāwa Śākya Yeshe (’brog mi lo tsā ba śākya ye shes), who also translated the other thirty-one Rali tantras in this group.8 This information suggests that the text was translated in the first half of the eleventh century ᴄᴇ. Nothing certain is known about the Indian provenance of these texts, as there are no extant Sanskrit versions and they are not cited or referenced in other works of Indic Buddhism.
This English translation was prepared on the basis of the Tibetan translation preserved in the Degé Kangyur, in consultation with the Stok Palace Kangyur and the comparative notes in the Comparative Edition (dpe bsdur ma) of the Degé Kangyur.
Text Body
The Translation
Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was staying on top of Mount Meru together with an inestimable assembly, when the bodhisattva Vajragarbha circled the Blessed One three times, folded his hands, and asked:
The Blessed One replied:
Vajragarbha spoke again:
“This does not provide specifics for the individual terms, so please explain them in detail.” [F.247.b]
The Blessed One replied:
The Blessed One finished speaking, and the countless bodhisattvas in the assembly felt joy and devotion, and then rejoiced. After circling the Blessed One to the right three times, they disappeared by using their individual, miraculous powers.
Colophon
This was translated by the paṇḍita Gayādhara and the translator-monk Śākya Yeshé.
Notes
Bibliography
Tibetan Sources
dpal rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po (Śrīvajrabhairavavidāraṇatantrarāja). Toh 409, Degé Kangyur vol. 79 (rgyud, ga), folios 247.a–248.a.
dpal rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 79, pp. 741–43.
dpal rdo rje ’jigs byed rnam par ’joms pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po, Stok Palace Kangyur vol. 94 (rgyud, ga), folios 40.b–41.b.
Modern Sources
84000. The Tantra That Resolves All Secrets (Guhyasarvacchindatantra, dpal gsang ba thams cad gcod pa’i rgyud kyi rgyal po, Toh 384). Translated by Dharmachakra Translation Committee. Online Publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2012.
Davidson, Ronald. Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
Siklós, Bulcsu. The Vajrabhairava Tantras. Tibetan and Mongolian Texts with Introduction, Translation and Notes. Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1990.
Glossary
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Attested in other text
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Attested in dictionary
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Approximate attestation
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Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering
This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.
Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering
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five wisdoms
- ye shes lnga
- ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྔ།
- pañcajñāna
Gayādhara
- ga ya dha ra
- ག་ཡ་དྷ་ར།
- gayādhara
insight-wisdom
- shes rab ye shes kyi dbang
- ཤེས་རབ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་དབང་།
- prajñājñānābhiṣeka AD
Śākya Yeshé
- shAkya ye shes
- ཤཱཀྱ་ཡེ་ཤེས།
- —
three worlds
- khams gsum
- ཁམས་གསུམ།
- tridhātu