One of the eight hot hells.

One of the eight hot hells.

One of the eight hot hells.

Name of one of the great hells (Skt. mahānaraka). Inhabitants of this hell are boiled in cauldrons, roasted in pans, beaten with hammers, and skewered with spears as their bodies burst into flame. See Guenther 1986, 58; Konchog Gyaltsen 1998, 99, for descriptions of this hell.

One of the eight hot hells.

Sixth of the eight hot hells.

One of the eight hot hells.

Sixth of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. Inhabitants of this hell are boiled in cauldrons, roasted in pans, beaten with hammers, and skewered with spears as their bodies burst into flame.

One of the eight hot hells. Inhabitants of this hell are boiled in cauldrons, roasted in pans, beaten with hammers, and skewered with spears as their bodies burn.

One of the eight hot hells.

One of the eight hot hells.

The sixth of the hot hells. In later Tibetan translations it is “hot” (tsha ba).

The hell called “hot.” Traditionally the sixth of the eight hot hells.

Lit. “Hot.”

Name of one of the great (hot) hells (Skt. mahānaraka). Inhabitants of this hell are boiled in cauldrons, roasted in pans, beaten with hammers, and skewered with spears as their bodies burst into flames. The Sanskrit word for this hell, tapana or tāpana, can mean both burning and, by semantic extension, tormenting or distressing. Elsewhere translated as “Hell of Heat.”

The sixth of the eight hot hells.

The sixth of the hot hells. Usually called Tāpana.