The Practice Manual of Noble Tārā Kurukullā
Sanskrit Text
Toh 437
Degé Kangyur, vol. 81 (rgyud ’bum, ca), folios 29.b–42.b
- Kṛṣnapaṇḍita
- tshul khrims rgyal ba
Imprint
Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha
First published 2011
Current version v 2.42.18 (2024)
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Table of Contents
Summary
The Practice Manual of Noble Tārā Kurukullā is the most comprehensive single work on the female Buddhist deity Kurukullā. It is also the only canonical scripture to focus on this deity. The text’s importance is therefore commensurate with the importance of the goddess herself, who is the chief Buddhist deity of magnetizing, in particular the magnetizing which takes the form of enthrallment.
The text is a treasury of ritual practices connected with enthrallment and similar magical acts—practices which range from formal sādhana to traditional homa ritual, and to magical methods involving herbs, minerals, etc. The text’s varied contents are presented as a multi-layered blend of the apotropaic and the soteriological, as well as the practical and the philosophical, where these complementary opposites combine together into a genuinely spiritual Buddhist work.
Acknowledgments
Translation by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee.
Translated by Thomas Doctor from the Tibetan of the Degé Kangyur, with continuous reference to an English translation and critical edition of the extant Sanskrit manuscripts by Wieslaw Mical. English text edited by Gillian Parrish.
This translation has been completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
Text Body
Colophon
The translation was prepared, edited, and established by the Indian preceptor, Kṛṣnapaṇḍita, and the lotsāwa monk, Tsültrim Gyalwa.
Sanskrit Text
Prologue to the Sanskrit Text
Sources referred to in critical apparatus, listed by the code letter(s):
Manuscripts
• Sanskrit manuscripts of the Kurukullākalpa:
C – Shelfmark “Add. 1691/II”, Cambridge (UK) University Library; see Bendall 1992.
G – Shelfmark “Xc 14/50 no. 4”, Göttingen University Library; see Bandurski 1994.
J – “New 104” (“Old 198”); see Matsunami 1965.
Y4 – “New 105” (“Old 203”); see Matsunami 1965.
R – Running no. 5257, Asha Archives, Kathmandu
• Sanskrit manuscripts containing Kurukullā dhāraṇī (used only for the edition of KK (this document) 5.39):
E1 – Reel E 1774/3 (multi-title), National Archives, Kathmandu
E2 – Reel E 614/3 (multi-title), National Archives, Kathmandu
• Sanskrit manuscripts of the Sādhanamālā (used for the overlapping passages only):
SMB – Reel B 0105-09, National Archives, Kathmandu
Editions
• editions of the Sanskrit text of the Kurukullākalpa:
Es – Pandey (2001) (see Bibliography)
KK – this document
• editions of the Tibetan text of the Kurukullākalpa:
T – Tibetan: Pandey (2001) (see Bibliography)
S – Tibetan: Stok Palace (stog pho brang) Kangyur
• editions of other Sanskrit texts (used for the overlapping passages only)
SM – Bhattacharyya (1968)
Critical apparatus:
[ ] – square brackets indicate text missing or illegible in C (due to physical damage) and supplied from Es. When the text has been supplied from another source, this has been specified in a footnote.
ac – ante correctionem
conj. – conjectured
CS – classical Sanskrit
em. – emended
m.c. – metris causa
om. – omitted
pc – post correctionem
tr. – translated
Please note that the numbering of chapters and verses or paragraphs does not correspond to the numbering in the present English translation of the Tibetan.
Chapter A1
tato lakṣamātraṃ89 pūrvasevāṃ kṛtvā puna[ḥ kā]rtikasya vā mādhavasya vā90 āṣāḍhasya vā91 buddhaparvaṇyāṃ tithau prātaḥ snātaḥ poṣadhikaḥ sarvapūjāṃ nivedya śrāvakasaṅghāya bhojanaṃ dattvā92 paścād gaṇaṃ mantrama[hāyā]nikaṃ93 bhojayitvā yathāsiddhau vijñapya94 dakṣiṇāṃ dattvā ekāṃsottarāsaṅgī dakṣiṇaṃ jānumaṇḍalaṃ pṛthivyāṃ pratiṣṭhāpya yena śrāvakasaṅghaḥ. yena ca95 mantramahāyānara[to96 gaṇa]s tān abhivandya kṣamāpya yatra97 paṭāvatāritā bhagavatī tenopagamya98 yathāsiddhyarthaṃ99 dhyānopeto vidyādharo ˈkṣaralakṣaṃ japet..
Chapter A2
Chapter A3
atha te sarvabodhisattvā284 ātmanaivātmacitta285 parivitarkam286 āpadya vajrapāṇiṃ287 mahābodhisattvam evam āhuḥ. kathaṃ vajrapāṇe288 buddhā bhagavanto vajrakāyā dharmadhātukāyāḥ289 abhedyakāyāḥ290 kasmiṃścit291 pṛthivīpradeśe kālakriyāṃ kurvanti.. atha khalu vajrapāṇis tān bodhisattvān292 evam āha. bodhisattvā mahāsattvā mā evaṃ procuḥ.293 kathaṃ buddhā294 vajrakāyā295 abhedyakāyā dharmadhātukāyāḥ kasmiṃścit296 pṛthivīpradeśe kālakriyāṃ kurvantīti. athāha297 vajrapāṇiḥ298. tatraivaṃ299 śṛṇvata300 bodhisattvā yad bhagavān parinirvṛtaḥ301 sukhāvatyāṃ gataḥ..
atha bodhisattvāḥ procuḥ. kiṃ vajrapāṇe buddhā302 bhagavantaḥ kāyaṃ303 prahāya sukhāvatīṃ304 gacchantīti305. āha. ārya306 kulaputrā nirmāṇakāyaṃ prahāya saṃbhogakāyena307 sukhāvatīṃ308 prayāntīti309. bodhisattvā āhuḥ310. tat311 kathaṃ vajrapāṇe kāyaṃ312 tyaktvā yāntīti313..
343 bodhisattvāḥ procuḥ344.. kathaṃ vajrapāṇe buddhā bhagavantas traidhātukaśāsino345 notpannā na niruddhā iti. vajrapāṇir346 āha. bodhisattvās tat kiṃ manyatha347. yo yāvān buddhaḥ so ˈsan348 uta sann iti. bodhisattvāḥ procuḥ. vajrapāṇe buddhā na santo nāsantaḥ..{1}..
Chapter A4
paścād yantraṃ bhavati. rajasvalākarpaṭe trikoṇamaṇḍalaṃ vilikhya madhye sādhyāyāḥ sādhakasya ca nāmagrahaṇena codakapadasamanvitenāmukī369 me vaśībhavatv iti kṛtvā paścān mūlamantreṇa370 vidarbhya lākṣārasenāvasavyānāmikāraktasammiśreṇa371 karpūreṇa kuṅkumena372 kastūrikādibhir373 varṇakair likhet374..
athāparo ˈpi prayogaḥ strīṇāṃ saubhāgyakaraṇāya. utpalaṃ saptapattraṃ kṛtvā saptākṣarāṇi tatra prayoktavyāni. tasya puṣkare hrīḥkāradvayavidarbhitaṃ sādhyasādhyāyā vā446 nāma vaśyavidhinā likhet. bhūrje ˈthavā rajasvalā447 karpaṭe bāhau448 vidyāgataṃ kṛtvā paridhāpayet..
atha īśvaraṃ463 kartukāmena464 bījapūrakaṃ vilikhya465 tasya madhye dhanur likhet. dhanuṣi ca466 ratnākārām utpalakalikāṃ467 likhet. utpalakalikāmadhye jrūṁ468 kāraṃ saptākṣareṇa veṣṭitam. jātarūpapattre vilikhyedaṃ469 gṛhamūrdhni dhārayet. bahirutpalamālāveṣṭitaṃ kṛtvā dvādaśāṣṭamyāṃ470 pañcaratnabhṛta471 kumbhenāvatārya snāpya saṃpūjya mantraśataṃ472 japet. ekavarṣeṇa dhanadasamo bhavati. vidyāṃ ca tādṛśīṃ paridhāpayet..
473 maṅgalavāre madhyāhnavelāyāṃ cittakapardakaṃ prāpya kurukullāmantreṇāṣṭaśatajaptenārabhya pūjāṃ kṛtvā dvādaśāṣṭamīṣu snāpayitvā bāhau netrakarpaṭena prāvṛtya dhārayet. mahādhaneśvaro bhavati. taṃ kapardakaṃ karatale sthāpayitvā koṭiṃ japet. dyūteṣu jayo bhavati. taṃ kapardakaṃ bhāṇḍe prakṣipya dharaṇyāṃ gopayet. pratidinaṃ kārṣāpaṇaṃ labhate..
Chapter A5
anena sattvavajrīmudrāṃ baddhvā cakre puṣpaprakṣepaṇaṃ486 kārayet. pratīccha vajra487 hoḥ muktvā maṇḍalaṃ darśayet. madhye patati varaṃ bhavati. bāṇe patati488 vaśyakarmaṇi yogyo bhavati. abhaye patati
viṣāpakarṣaṇaṃ489 śikṣayet. utpale patati prajñāvṛddhiṃ śikṣayet. dhanuṣi490 patati sarvajñajñānaṃ śikṣayet.491 praveśyaivaṃ492 vadet. na tvayedaṃ sarvatathāgataparamarahasyaṃ kasyacid amaṇḍalapraviṣṭasya493 purato vaktavyam. mā te samayo vyathet494. viṣamāparihāreṇa kālakriyāṃ kṛtvā narake495 patanaṃ syāt..
tatra prathamaṃ tāvan nāgākṣepaṇaṃ551 guhyaṃ śikṣayet.. namo552 ratnatrayāya. namaḥ sarvabuddha553 bodhisattvebhyaḥ. namo ˈṣṭasarpapudgalāya554. namaḥ samastebhyo buddhakoṭibhyaḥ555.. tadyathā. oṁ hrīḥ hrīḥ hrīḥ556 sarva557 nāgānām anantakulānāṃ vāsukikulānāṃ takṣakakulānāṃ śaṅkhapālakulānāṃ karkoṭakulānāṃ padmakulānāṃ mahāpadmakulānāṃ558 kulikakulānāṃ varāha559 kulānāṃ puṇḍarīkakulānāṃ ghana560 kulānāṃ megha561 kulānāṃ jaladakulānāṃ562 jaladharakulānāṃ563 jīmūtakulānāṃ saṃvartakulānāṃ564 vasantakulānāṃ565 airāvatakulānāṃ kumudakulānāṃ kahlāra566 kulānāṃ saugandhika567 kulānāṃ568 hana hana śareṇa bandha bandha cāpena tāḍaya tāḍaya utpalena bhītānām569 abhayaṃ dehi pralayakāla iva jala570 dhāram571 avatāraya572 varṣaṃ tān nāgān573 vaśīkuru kuru phuḥ574 kulāpaya kulāpaya575 phuḥ phuḥ576 , oṁ577 kurukulle hrīḥ hūṁ phaṭ svāhā phaṭ578.. anena mantreṇāraṇya579 gomayena maṇḍalaṃ580 kṛtvā vidhinā candanenāṣṭapattra581 padmaṃ vilikhya pūrvādidale ˈnantādyān aṣṭanāgān saṃsthāpya582 śarkarayā guggulena rohiṇī583 ṛkṣe aṣṭottaraśataṃ japtvā nāgān dhūpayet.584 paścāt pūjayet. tato varṣanti585. yadi na varṣanti586 tadā madyena snāpayitvā khadirā587 nalena tāpayet. tato varṣanti. yadi na varṣanti588 tadā kuṣṭhā589 bhavanti. kriyābhojinā vidyādhareṇaivaitat590 kartavyaṃ. paścāt saṃhārya mahānadyāṃ pravāhayet..
ativṛṣṭiṃ stambhayitukāmo592 vyāḍavaidyakāt593 pannagam594 ākṛṣya candanena mrakṣayitvā595 kṣīraṃ pāyayet. etan596 mantreṇa saptābhimantritaṃ kṛtvā597 apakva598 lohitakumbhe nidhāya mahāmudreṇa mudrayitvā599 jale kumbhaṃ bhañjayet. tat600 kṣaṇaṃ vṛṣṭiṃ stambhayet601..
athavā613 kuṣṭham apanetukāmo614 ˈnena mantreṇa lohitaṃ viṣaṃ615 nirviṣīkṛtya khādet616. kuṣṭham apanayati. mūlamantreṇa vāri japtvā sarpāghātaṃ617 prakṣālayet. nirviṣaṃ kurute..
atha nāgadarśanakāmo618 raktotpalapattram akṣaralakṣajaptaṃ619 kṛtvādhiṣṭhāna620 nāgahrade prakṣipet621. tato nāgāṅgaṇā622 uttiṣṭhanti. sādhakād ādeśaṃ mārgayanti. kiṃ kurmo bhagavann623 iti. yathepsitaṃ mantriṇā vaktavyam..
Chapter A6
atha rāhulabhadrakumāro yadā piṇḍapātrāya rājagṛhaṃ praviṣṭaḥ praviśya625 ca veṇuvanaṃ gatavān. tatra ca626 pātraprakṣālanāya dīrghikām avatīrṇo627 yaśodharāsuto nāgena628 śvetabhikṣubhrāntyā ākṛṣṭaḥ. tasminn api629 samaye rāhulabhadreṇa630 kumāreṇa iyaṃ vidyā paṭhitā. paṭhitamātreṇa yathā kaścit svagṛhān niṣkrāntas tathā rāhulabhadrakumāro bhagavato ˈntikaṃ631 gataḥ. upasaṃkramya ca632 bhagavantam evam āha633. tāta tvayā yan mantraṃ prasādīkṛtaṃ634 tasya mantrasyānubhāvo mayā dṛṣṭa iti. bhagavān āha. kutra. nāgānām antikāt. tad bhagavān anyeṣām api prāṇināṃ rakṣārtham idam eva mantraṃ pravartayatu. atha bhagavāṃs tena samayena635 idaṃ mantram asya kalpaṃ [ca]636 vajrapāṇiṃ637 preṣayitvā śrāvakāya bodhisattvāya bhikṣubhikṣuṇyupāsakopāsikābhyaḥ prasādīkṛtavān. tena bhoḥ kulaputrā638 idaṃ mantram asya639 kalpaṃ [ca]640 yaḥ641 paṭhati642 candanena maṇḍalaṃ643 kṛtvā644 tasya śarīre viṣadūṣaṇaṃ viṣanāśanaṃ645 na lūtabhayaṃ na sarpabhayaṃ646 na pāmābhayaṃ647 na nāgabhayaṃ na kuṣṭhabhayaṃ na rogabhayaṃ648 na vyāḍabhayaṃ649 na mṛgabhayaṃ650 na śastrabhayaṃ na śatrubhayaṃ na dāridrya651 bhayaṃ nākālamṛtyubhayaṃ bhaviṣyati. nātikramiṣyati652..
atha653 bhagavān śāsanarakṣārthaṃ mahākālāya svapiṇḍapātra654 puṣṭāṃ hārītīṃ655 rākṣasīṃ656 dattavān. sā ca657 paurvakeṇā658 śubhakarmaṇā durbhagā ˈbhūt659. asaṃpratipanno mahākālo na tiṣṭhati na ramate śāsanaṃ na rakṣati. sā ca rākṣasī660 udvignā. tasyā eva661 mahākālasya ca662 vaśīkartum idaṃ kurukullākalpaṃ bhāṣitaṃ. tataḥ prabhṛti sā663 mahāsaubhāgyābhūt664. tena hi kulaputrāḥ sarvasattvānāṃ vaśīkaraṇāya idam eva mantram asya kalpaṃ vā abhyasanīyam iti..
atha sunandasya putro665 ˈbhirūpaḥ prāsādiko darśanīyaḥ salākṣaṇiko jātaḥ kiṃtu jaḍabuddhiḥ666. atha667 sunando bhagavantaṃ pṛṣṭavān668. bhagavan669 mama putro ˈbhirūpaḥ prāsādiko darśanīyo lākṣaṇiko670 jātaḥ kiṃ tu jaḍabuddhiḥ. tat kathaṃ bhagavan tasya671 prajñā vardhate. yadi bhagavann asau vatsaḥ sākṣaro bhavet tadā yuṣmākaṃ śāsane672 pratipanno bhaviṣyati. evaṃ śrutvā bhagavān abhimukhī673 smṛtim upasthāpyedaṃ kalpam idaṃ [ca] mantram abhāṣata674. tena bhāṣitamātreṇāsau sunandasya putro rohiṇīkumāro nāma675 prajñāvān676 abhūt. dvādaśena varṣeṇa677 sarvaśāstraviśāradaḥ sarvaśilpakalābhijño678 ˈbhūt. tena hi kulaputrā679 mahāprajñāvṛddhaye idam eva mantram asya kalpaṃ vā śikṣaṇīyam iti..
Chapter A7
Chapter A8
candramaṇḍalamadhye daśadalam utpalaṃ vilikhya862 pratyekadalāgre863 oṁ tāre tuttāre ture864 svāheti vilikhya865 varaṭake ˈpi866 tāṃkāra867 madhye devadattaṃ vaśam ānayeti. tāṃkāram api868 om aḥ kurukulle devadattaṃ vaśam ānaya hrīḥ ityanena veṣṭayet. candramaṇḍalād bahiḥ869 870 oṁ prasannatāre871 prasanne872 prasannakāriṇi devadattaṃ vaśam ānaya873 hrīḥ ityanena mantreṇa874 veṣṭayitvā875 ito ˈpi876 bahiḥ ṣoḍaśadalam utpalaṃ vilikhya877 pratyekadalāgre878 oṁ prasannatāre prasanne879 prasannakāriṇi hrīḥ880 devadattaṃ vaśīkuru hrīḥ ityanena mantreṇa veṣṭayitvā881 882 ito ˈpi bahis883 triṣoḍaśabhir akṣarair veṣṭayet. lākṣāgorocanena raktacandanena kuṅkumakarpūraraktair884 bhūrjapattre sikthakena885 veṣṭya trimadhure sthāpya raktopacāreṇa trisandhyaṃ pūjayet. vaśībhavati na saṃdehaḥ..
ṣoḍaśadalam utpalaṃ vilikhya pratyekadale a ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ ḷ ḹ e ai o au aṃ aḥ madhya887 varaṭake ˈpi oṁ haḥ kurukulle devadattaṃ vaśam ānaya haḥ svāhā. utpalabāhye oṃkārapaṅktitrayeṇa veṣṭayet888. vaśībhavati na saṃdehaḥ889..
890 evam avocan nāthaḥ891 parṣanmadhye sthitāś892 ca ye sattvāḥ potalake nagarāje893 paraduḥkhair894 duḥkhito bhagavān. tan nāsti yan na buddhā bhūtāḥ895 sattvārthakāriṇo niyataṃ. neyam apūrvī896 caryā naṣṭā. unnayanaṃ897 punaś cakruḥ..
idam avocad bhagavān avalokiteśvara898 āttamanās te ca bodhisattvāḥ mahāsattvāḥ899 sā ca sarvāvatī parṣat sadevamānuṣāsuragaruḍagandharvaś ca loko bhagavato900 bhāṣitam abhyanandann iti..
Bibliography
The bibliography contains the publications that we have referred to as well as background reading on Kurukullā and Tārā in India and Tibet. Information on the Sanskrit manuscripts consulted is given at the beginning of the critical edition.
’phags ma sgrol ma ku ru kulle’i rtog pa (Āryatārākurukullākalpa). Toh. 437, Degé Kangyur, vol. 81 (rgyud ’bum, ca), folios 29.b–42.b.
’phags ma sgrol ma ku ru kulle’i rtog pa. Toh. 437, bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 81, pp. 127–69.
’phags ma sgrol ma ku ru kulle’i rtog pa. Stok 403. Stok Palace Kangyur (stog pho brang bris ma). Leh: smanrtsis shesrig dpemzod, 1975–80, vol. 95 (rgyud ’bum, nga), folios 316.b–435.a.
Bandurski, Frank (1994). Übersicht über die Göttinger Sammlung der von Rahula Sankrtyayana in Tibet aufgefundenen buddhistischen Sanskrit-Texte (Funde buddhistischer Sanskrit-Handschriften, III). (Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfan-Funden: Beiheft ; 5). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1994.
Bendall, Cecil. Catalogue of the Buddhist Sanskrit Manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge, p. 178, 1992.
Beyer, Stephan. The Cult of Tārā: Magic and Ritual in Tibet. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh. The Indian Buddhist Iconography: mainly based on the Sādhanamālā and cognate Tāntric texts of rituals. 2nd edition. Calcutta: K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1958.
Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh, ed. The Sādhanamālā. 2nd edition. Baroda: Oriental Institute, 1968.
Matsunami, Seiren (1965). A Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Tokyo University Library. Tokyo: Suzuki Research Foundation, 1965.
Mehta, R. N. “Kurukullā, Tārā and Vajreśī in Śrīpura.” In Tantric Buddhism: Centennial Tribute to Dr. Benoytosh Bhattacharyya, edited by N.N. Bhattacharyya. Reprint. New Delhi: Manohar, 2005.
Pandey, Janardan Shastri, ed. Kurukullākalpaḥ. Rare Buddhist Texts Series, 24. Sarnath, Varanasi: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 2001.
Shaw, Miranda Eberle. Buddhist Goddesses of India, ch. 22. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Snellgrove, David. The Hevajra Tantra: a critical study. London, New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Willson, Martin. In Praise of Tārā: Songs to the Saviouress: source texts from India and Tibet on Buddhism’s great goddess, selected, translated, and introduced by Martin Willson. Boston, MA.: Wisdom Publications, 1996.