• 84000
  • The Collection
  • The Kangyur
  • Discourses
  • General Sūtra Section
  • Toh 283
སྐུ་གསུམ་པའི་མདོ།

The Sūtra on the Three Bodies

Trikāya­sūtra
འཕགས་པ་སྐུ་གསུམ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
’phags pa sku gsum zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Noble ‌Mahāyāna Sūtra “The Three Bodies”
Ārya­trikāya­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra

Toh 283

Degé Kangyur, vol. 68 (mdo sde, ya), folios 56.a–57.a

ᴛʀᴀɴsʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛɪʙᴇᴛᴀɴ ʙʏ
  • Unknown

Imprint

84000 logo

Translated by the Buddhavacana Translation Group
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2013

Current version v 2.21.12 (2024)

Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.26.1

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

Logo for the license

This work is provided under the protection of a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution - Non-commercial - No-derivatives) 3.0 copyright. It may be copied or printed for fair use, but only with full attribution, and not for commercial advantage or personal compensation. For full details, see the Creative Commons license.

Options for downloading this publication

This print version was generated at 8.23pm on Thursday, 28th November 2024 from the online version of the text available on that date. If some time has elapsed since then, this version may have been superseded, as most of 84000’s published translations undergo significant updates from time to time. For the latest online version, with bilingual display, interactive glossary entries and notes, and a variety of further download options, please see
https://84000.co/translation/toh283.


co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgments
i. Introduction
tr. The Translation
+ 1 section- 1 section
1. The Three Bodies
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

As the title suggests, this sūtra describes the three bodies of the Buddha. While the Buddha is dwelling on Vulture Peak in Rājgṛha, the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha asks whether the Tathāgata has a body, to which the Buddha replies that the Tathāgata has three bodies: a dharmakāya, a saṃbhogakāya, and a nirmāṇakāya. The Buddha goes on to describe what constitutes these three bodies and their associated meaning. The Buddha explains that the dharmakāya is like space, the saṃbhogakāya is like clouds, and the nirmāṇakāya is like rain. At the end of the Buddha’s elucidation, Kṣitigarbha expresses jubilation, and the Buddha declares that whoever upholds this Dharma teaching will obtain immeasurable merit.


ac.

Acknowledgments

ac.­1

Translation by the Buddhavacana Translation Group, Vienna, under the supervision of Khenpo Konchok Tamphel. Translated into English by Rolf Scheuermann and Casey Kemp.

This translation has been completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The setting of this sūtra is Vulture Peak in Rajgir (Rājgṛha), said to be the location where the Buddha, explaining the doctrine of emptiness in the second turning of the wheel of Dharma, taught the Prajñā­pāramitā and other topics associated with Mahāyāna Buddhism. It is here that the bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha asks the Buddha a series of questions regarding the body of the Buddha, which the Buddha answers by expounding the teaching on the three bodies.

i.­2

The doctrine of the Buddha’s three bodies (trikāya) has tended to be associated with the Yogācāra school of Buddhist thought, although the terms dharmakāya and rūpakāya (“form body”) are certainly to be found in sūtras such as the Aṣṭa­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā­sūtra.1 It has been suggested that sūtras such as the Trikāyasūtra may have evolved after such Yogācāra treatises as the Mahā­yāna­sūtrālaṃkāra.2

i.­3

This trifold scheme can also be interpreted as describing different aspects of enlightenment or buddhahood itself. The dharmakāya, sometimes translated as the “truth body” or “reality body,” generally refers to the essential nature of the Buddha, as is stated in this sūtra. The saṃbhogakāya and the nirmāṇakāya, known collectively as the form bodies, are understood as emanations of the dharmakāya, or essential nature, of the Buddha. In other words, they are the manifestations of the enlightened activity of the Buddha. The saṃbhogakāya, sometimes translated as “enjoyment body,” is the apparitional form the Buddha takes for bodhisattvas and practitioners in meditative states or in dreams. The nirmāṇakāya, sometimes translated as “manifestation body,” is the physical form of the Buddha that can be seen by any sentient being. The Buddha, who is able to emanate in countless forms, does so in order to liberate beings through the illumination and demonstration of the Dharma. All three bodies3 are ultimately considered inseparable.

i.­4

This is the only known sūtra in the Tibetan Kangyur solely dedicated to teaching the doctrine of the three bodies. The Buddha explains here how one should view the bodies of the Buddha using analogies, and relates the three bodies to other relevant Buddhist doctrines such as the four wisdoms.4

i.­5

This sūtra was first translated by W. Woodville Rockhill in his 1884 publication of The Life of the Buddha and the Early History of His Order. There is currently no known extant version in Sanskrit, and among the different published Tibetan versions of the source text, there do not seem to be any significant variants.


Text Body

The Noble ‌Mahāyāna Sūtra
The Three Bodies

1.

The Translation

[F.56.a]


1.­1

Homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas!


1.­2

Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was dwelling on Vulture Peak Mountain in Rājgṛha. He was accompanied by his entire retinue, by immeasurable, countless bodhisattvas, and by gods and nāgas. They paid respect to the Blessed One and made offerings to him.

1.­3

At that time, the bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha, who was sitting among the retinue, rose from his seat and asked, “Has the Blessed One a body?”

The Blessed One replied, “Kṣitigarbha, the Blessed One, the Tathāgata, [F.56.b] has three bodies: a dharmakāya, a saṃbhogakāya, and a nirmāṇakāya. Son of a noble family, the three bodies of the Tathāgata are these: the pure nature is the dharmakāya, pure meditative absorption is the saṃbhogakāya, and pure conduct is the nirmāṇakāya of all buddhas.

1.­4

“Son of a noble family, the dharmakāya of the Tathāgata consists in the fact that he has no nature, just like the sky. His saṃbhogakāya consists in the fact that he comes forth, just like a cloud. His nirmāṇakāya consists in the activity of all the buddhas, the fact that it soaks everything, just like rain.”

1.­5

The bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha then asked the Blessed One, “How should one view this explanation on the three bodies of the Blessed One?”

The Blessed One answered the bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha, “Son of a noble family, you should view the three bodies of the Tathāgata in the following way. That which is seen from the perspective of the Tathāgata is the dharmakāya. That which is seen from the perspective of the bodhisattvas is the saṃbhogakāya. That which is seen from the perspective of ordinary beings who conduct themselves devotedly is the nirmāṇakāya.

1.­6

“Son of a noble family, the dharmakāya remains the same nature for all the buddhas. The saṃbhogakāya remains the same meditative absorption for all the buddhas. The nirmāṇakāya remains the same awakened activity for all the buddhas.

“Son of a noble family, the basis-of-all in its pure state is mirror-like wisdom, the dharmakāya. The afflicted mind in its pure state is the wisdom of equality. Mental cognition in its pure state is discriminating wisdom, the saṃbhogakāya. The five sense cognitions in their pure state are all-accomplishing wisdom, the nirmāṇakāya.”

1.­7

The bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha then exclaimed to the Blessed One, “Blessed One, the noble Dharma that I have heard from the Blessed One [F.57.a] is excellent, Sugata, really excellent!”

The Blessed One then declared, “Son of a noble family, whoever fully upholds this Dharma discourse of the Blessed One will obtain merit that is immeasurable, inexpressible, incalculable, and unfathomable.”

1.­8

When the Blessed One had spoken, the world, including the bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha, the gods, nāgas, yakṣas, and gandharvas, rejoiced and praised the teachings of the Blessed One.


1.­9

This concludes the Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra, “The Three Bodies.”5


n.

Notes

n.­1
For more on the philosophical considerations of the three bodies, see Harrison (1992), pp. 44–94.
n.­2
See Makransky (1997), p. 274.
n.­3
Some Mahā­yāna works such as the Abhi­samayālaṃkāra of Maitreya also mention a fourth body, a svā­bhāvika­kāya, or “innate body.” There are conflicting interpretations by Indian and Tibetan commentators as to the relationship between the svā­bhāvika­kāya and the dharma­kāya. For more on the four bodies, see Makransky (1997).
n.­4
For information on the relationship between the three bodies and four wisdoms in Buddhist literature, see Brunnhölzl (2009), pp. 71–76.
n.­5
The colophon makes no mention of who the Tibetan translators were, and the Degé catalog (dkar chag, vol. 103, lak+Sh+mI, F.133.a.3) states that this is not known.

b.

Bibliography

’phags pa sku gsum zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Ārya­trikāya­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra). Toh 283. Degé Kangyur vol. 68 (mdo sde, ya), folios 56a–57a.

’phags pa sku gsum zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripiṭaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 68 (mdo sde, ya), pp. 168–70.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. Luminous Heart: The Third Karmapa on Consciousness, Wisdom, and Buddha Nature. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 2009.

Harrison, Paul. “Is the Dharma-kāya the Real ‘Phantom Body’ of the Buddha?” The Journal of the International Association for Buddhist Studies 15, no. 1 (1992): 44–94.

Makransky, John J. Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet. SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

Nagao, Gadjin M. Mādhyamika and Yogācāra: A Study of ‌Mahāyāna Philosophies. Translated by Leslie S. Kawamura. Albany: State University of New York, 1991.

Rockhill, W. Woodville, trans. The Life of the Buddha and The Early History of His Order Derived from Tibetan Works in the Bkah-hgyur and Bstan-hgyur. London: Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill, 1884.


g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

afflicted mind

Wylie:
  • nyon mongs pa’i yid
Tibetan:
  • ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་ཡིད།
Sanskrit:
  • kliṣṭamana

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­2

all-accomplishing wisdom

Wylie:
  • bya ba grub pa’i ye shes
Tibetan:
  • བྱ་བ་གྲུབ་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས།
Sanskrit:
  • kṛtyānuśṭhāna­jñāna

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­3

basis-of-all

Wylie:
  • kun gzhi
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་གཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • ālaya

Here, probably the short form for ālayavijñāna.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­4

blessed one

Wylie:
  • bcom ldan ’das
Tibetan:
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
Sanskrit:
  • bhagavat

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, this is an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2-3
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­7-8
g.­5

bodhisattva

Wylie:
  • byang chub sems dpa’
Tibetan:
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།
Sanskrit:
  • bodhisattva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A being who is dedicated to the cultivation and fulfilment of the altruistic intention to attain perfect buddhahood, traversing the ten bodhisattva levels (daśabhūmi, sa bcu). Bodhisattvas purposely opt to remain within cyclic existence in order to liberate all sentient beings, instead of simply seeking personal freedom from suffering. In terms of the view, they realize both the selflessness of persons and the selflessness of phenomena.

Located in 11 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­3
  • 1.­1-3
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­7-8
  • g.­12
  • g.­21
g.­6

dharmakāya

Wylie:
  • chos kyi sku
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • dharmakāya

“Body of dharma”; refers to the Buddha’s realization of reality. Sometimes translated “truth body” or “reality body.” In other contexts, particularly in early texts, the term may also refer to the Buddha’s qualities as a collective whole, or to his teachings as embodying him.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2-3
  • 1.­3-6
g.­7

discriminating wisdom

Wylie:
  • so sor kun du rtog pa’i ye shes
Tibetan:
  • སོ་སོར་ཀུན་དུ་རྟོག་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས།
Sanskrit:
  • pratyavekṣaṇā­jñāna

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­8

emptiness

Wylie:
  • stong pa nyid
Tibetan:
  • སྟོང་པ་ཉིད།
Sanskrit:
  • śūnyatā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Emptiness denotes the ultimate nature of reality, the total absence of inherent existence and self-identity with respect to all phenomena. According to this view, all things and events are devoid of any independent, intrinsic reality that constitutes their essence. Nothing can be said to exist independent of the complex network of factors that gives rise to its origination, nor are phenomena independent of the cognitive processes and mental constructs that make up the conventional framework within which their identity and existence are posited. When all levels of conceptualization dissolve and when all forms of dichotomizing tendencies are quelled through deliberate meditative deconstruction of conceptual elaborations, the ultimate nature of reality will finally become manifest. It is the first of the three gateways to liberation.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • i.­1
g.­9

five sense cognitions

Wylie:
  • sgo lnga’i rnam par shes pa
Tibetan:
  • སྒོ་ལྔའི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­6
  • g.­14
g.­10

form bodies

Wylie:
  • gzugs kyi sku
Tibetan:
  • གཟུགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • rūpakāya

See “rūpakāya.”

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­3
  • g.­20
g.­11

gandharva

Wylie:
  • dri za
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་ཟ།
Sanskrit:
  • gandharva

Literally “smell eaters,” these are a class of spirits, sometimes described as celestial musicians. In other contexts the term can also refer to beings in the bardo state.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­12

Kṣitigarbha

Wylie:
  • sa’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • སའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • kṣitigarbha

An important bodhisattva disciple of the Buddha.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­7-8
g.­13

Mahāyāna

Wylie:
  • theg pa chen po
Tibetan:
  • ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāyāna

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

When the Buddhist teachings are classified according to their power to lead beings to an awakened state, a distinction is made between the teachings of the Lesser Vehicle (Hīnayāna), which emphasizes the individual’s own freedom from cyclic existence as the primary motivation and goal, and those of the Great Vehicle (Mahāyāna), which emphasizes altruism and has the liberation of all sentient beings as the principal objective. As the term “Great Vehicle” implies, the path followed by bodhisattvas is analogous to a large carriage that can transport a vast number of people to liberation, as compared to a smaller vehicle for the individual practitioner.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­9
  • g.­5
  • g.­27
g.­14

mental cognition

Wylie:
  • yid kyi rnam par shes pa
Tibetan:
  • ཡིད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • manovijñāna

Just as the five sense cognitions occur on the basis of the five sense faculties, mental cognition is the cognition that occurs on the basis of the mind faculty.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­15

mirror-like wisdom

Wylie:
  • me long lta bu’i ye shes
Tibetan:
  • མེ་ལོང་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡེ་ཤེས།
Sanskrit:
  • ādarśajñāna

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­16

nāga

Wylie:
  • klu
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nāga

Snake-like mystical creatures with supernatural powers, which belong to the animal realm.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­8
g.­17

nirmāṇakāya

Wylie:
  • sprul pa’i sku
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nirmāṇakāya

“Body of manifestation.” Aspect of buddhahood perceptible to ordinary individuals with good karma.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­3
  • 1.­3-6
  • g.­20
g.­18

prajñā­pāramitā

Wylie:
  • shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa
Tibetan:
  • ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • prajñā­pāramitā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The sixth of the six perfections, it refers to the profound understanding of the emptiness of all phenomena, the realization of ultimate reality. It is often personified as a female deity, worshiped as the “Mother of All Buddhas” (sarva­jina­mātā).

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­1
  • g.­24
g.­19

Rājgṛha

Wylie:
  • rgyal po’i khab
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
Sanskrit:
  • rājgṛha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The ancient capital of Magadha prior to its relocation to Pāṭaliputra during the Mauryan dynasty, Rājagṛha is one of the most important locations in Buddhist history. The literature tells us that the Buddha and his saṅgha spent a considerable amount of time in residence in and around Rājagṛha‍—in nearby places, such as the Vulture Peak Mountain (Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata), a major site of the Mahāyāna sūtras, and the Bamboo Grove (Veṇuvana)‍—enjoying the patronage of King Bimbisāra and then of his son King Ajātaśatru. Rājagṛha is also remembered as the location where the first Buddhist monastic council was held after the Buddha Śākyamuni passed into parinirvāṇa. Now known as Rajgir and located in the modern Indian state of Bihar.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­2
  • g.­24
g.­20

rūpakāya

Wylie:
  • gzugs kyi sku
Tibetan:
  • གཟུགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • rūpakāya

Used to refer to the two form bodies of the Buddha, i.e., the nirmāṇakāya and the saṃbhogakāya.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2
  • g.­10
g.­21

saṃbhogakāya

Wylie:
  • longs spyod rdzogs pa’i sku
Tibetan:
  • ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ།
Sanskrit:
  • saṃbhogakāya

“Body of enjoyment.” Aspect of buddhahood perceptible to bodhisattvas.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­3
  • 1.­3-6
  • g.­20
g.­22

tathāgata

Wylie:
  • de bzhin gshegs pa
Tibetan:
  • དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • tathāgata

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A frequently used synonym for buddha. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-āgata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha­(tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has departed in the wake of the buddhas of the past, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence. It is also often used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • 1.­3-5
g.­23

three bodies

Wylie:
  • sku gsum
Tibetan:
  • སྐུ་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • trikāya

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1-4
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­5
  • n.­1
  • n.­4
g.­24

Vulture Peak Mountain

Wylie:
  • bya rgod phung po’i ri
Tibetan:
  • བྱ་རྒོད་ཕུང་པོའི་རི།
Sanskrit:
  • gṛ̥dhra­kūṭa-parvata

Name of a mountain close to Rājgṛha. It is famous as the place where the Buddha is said to have taught the Prajñā­pāramitā and other teachings.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­2
g.­25

wisdom of equality

Wylie:
  • mnyam pa nyid kyi ye shes
Tibetan:
  • མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས།
Sanskrit:
  • samatājñāna

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­6
g.­26

yakṣa

Wylie:
  • gnod sbyin
Tibetan:
  • གནོད་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • yakṣa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings who inhabit forests, mountainous areas, and other natural spaces, or serve as guardians of villages and towns, and may be propitiated for health, wealth, protection, and other boons, or controlled through magic. According to tradition, their homeland is in the north, where they live under the rule of the Great King Vaiśravaṇa.

Several members of this class have been deified as gods of wealth (these include the just-mentioned Vaiśravaṇa) or as bodhisattva generals of yakṣa armies, and have entered the Buddhist pantheon in a variety of forms, including, in tantric Buddhism, those of wrathful deities.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­8
g.­27

Yogācāra

Wylie:
  • rnal ’byor spyod pa
Tibetan:
  • རྣལ་འབྱོར་སྤྱོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • yogācāra

Influential philosophical school belonging to Mahāyāna Buddhism.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • i.­2
0
    You are downloading:

    The Sūtra on the Three Bodies

    Click here to make a dāna donation

    This is a free publication from 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, a non-profit organization sharing the gift of Buddhist wisdom with the world.

    The cultivation of generosity, or dāna—giving voluntarily with a view that something wholesome will come of it—is considered to be a fundamental Buddhist practice by all schools. The nature and quantity of the gift itself is often considered less important.

    Table of Contents


    Search this text


    Other ways to read

    Print
    Download PDF
    Download EPUB
    Open in the 84000 App

    Spotted a mistake?

    Please use the contact form provided to suggest a correction.


    How to cite this text

    The following are examples of how to correctly cite this publication. Links to specific passages can be derived by right-clicking on the milestones markers in the left-hand margin (e.g. s.1). The copied link address can replace the url below.

    • Chicago
    • MLA
    • APA
    84000. The Sūtra on the Three Bodies (Trikāya­sūtra, sku gsum pa’i mdo, Toh 283). Translated by Buddhavacana Translation Group. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024. https://84000.co/translation/toh283.Copy
    84000. The Sūtra on the Three Bodies (Trikāya­sūtra, sku gsum pa’i mdo, Toh 283). Translated by Buddhavacana Translation Group, online publication, 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024, 84000.co/translation/toh283.Copy
    84000. (2024) The Sūtra on the Three Bodies (Trikāya­sūtra, sku gsum pa’i mdo, Toh 283). (Buddhavacana Translation Group, Trans.). Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha. https://84000.co/translation/toh283.Copy

    Related links

    • Other texts from General Sūtra Section
    • Published Translations
    • Browse the Collection
    • 84000 Homepage
    Sponsor Translation

    Bookmarks

    Copyright © 2011-2024 84000 - All Rights Reserved
    • Website: https://84000.co
    • Contact
    • Privacy Policy