The Teaching of Vimalakīrti
Glossary
Toh 176
Degé Kangyur vol. 60 (mdo sde, ma), folios 175.a–239.a
- Chönyi Tsultrim
Imprint
First published 2017
Current version v 1.45.25 (2024)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.25.1
84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.
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Table of Contents
Summary
While the Buddha is teaching outside the city of Vaiśālī, a notable householder in the city—the great bodhisattva Vimalakīrti—apparently falls sick. The Buddha asks his disciple and bodhisattva disciples to call on Vimalakīrti, but each of them relates previous encounters that have rendered them reluctant to face his penetrating scrutiny of their attitudes and activities. Only Mañjuśrī has the courage to pay him a visit, and in the conversations that ensue between Vimalakīrti, Mañjuśrī, and several other interlocutors, Vimalakīrti sets out an uncompromising and profound view of the Buddha’s teaching and the bodhisattva path, illustrated by various miraculous displays. Its masterful narrative structure, dramatic and sometimes humorous dialogue, and highly evolved presentation of teachings have made this sūtra one of the favorites of Mahāyāna literature.
Acknowledgments
Translated by Robert A. F. Thurman and first published, under the title The Holy Teaching of Vimalakīrti: A Mahāyāna Scripture, by the Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park and London, in 1976.
This electronic edition for 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, with an abridged introduction and notes, and lightly edited under the supervision of Professor Thurman, is published by his kind permission as the copyright holder.
From the Preface to the original edition:
I sincerely thank my friend and benefactor, Dr. C. T. Shen, both for his sponsorship of the work and for his most helpful collaboration in the work of comparing the Tibetan and Chinese versions. We were sometimes joined in our round-table discussions by Drs. C. S. George, Tao-Tien Yi, F. S. K. Koo, and T. C. Tsao, whose helpful suggestions I gratefully acknowledge. My thanks also go to Ms. Yeshe Tsomo and Ms. Leah Zahler for their invaluable editorial assistance, and to Ms. Carole Schwager and the staff of The Pennsylvania State University Press.
Preface to this electronic edition:
I earnestly thank Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche for his great efforts in creating the 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha project, to present in English the many great works of the Buddha’s teachings freely to the world.
I also thank John Canti, of 84000, for his careful, creative, and very learned translating and editorial work on this electronic edition, without which this improved translation would not have materialized. I thank Mr. Patrick Alexander, of the Penn State University Press, who was the one who informed me that the copyright to my original translation done for the Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions had reverted to me upon the termination of that Institute, to which I had previously conveyed my rights.
I intend to publish in print form a further update of that original version at a future time. Since there have been a number of free-floating electronic forms of this text on the internet for some years now, I am happy that the sūtra in its current revision is now available in the 84000 Reading Room, among the many other translations on that site.
Sarva maṅgalam!
Text Body
The Teaching of Vimalakīrti
Bibliography
Tibetan and Sanskrit sources
’phags pa dri ma med par grags pas bstan pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Āryavimalakīrtinirdeśanāmamahāyānasūtra). Toh. 176, Degé Kangyur, vol. 60 (mdo sde, ma), folios 175b–239a.
’phags pa dri ma med par grags pas bstan pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Āryavimalakīrtinirdeśanāmamahāyānasūtra). [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 60, pp. 476–635.
Study Group on Buddhist Sanskrit Literature. 梵文維摩經 : ポタラ宮所蔵写本に基づく校訂. Vimalakīrtinirdeśa, A Sanskrit Edition Based upon the Manuscript Newly Found at the Potala Palace. Tokyo: Institute for Comprehensive Studies of Buddhism, Taishō Daigaku Shuppankai, 2006.
Translations of this text
Lamotte, Étienne. L’Enseignement de Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa). Louvain: Université de Louvain, Institut Orientaliste, 1962. [Translated from Tib. and Xuanzang’s Chinese].
Luk, Charles (tr.). The Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra. Berkeley and London: Shambhala, 1972. [Translated from Kumārajīva’s Chinese].
McRae, John R. (tr.). The Vimalakīrti Sūtra. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2004. [Translated from Kumārajīva’s Chinese].
Canonical references
Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra. Sanskrit text: see Lamotte 1935. Tibetan text: ’phags pa dgongs pa nges par ’grel pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo, Toh 106, Degé Kangyur vol. 49 (mdo sde, tsha), folios 1b–55b. English translation: see Buddhavacana Translation Group.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh106.html
Saddharmapuṇḍarīka. Sanskrit text: see Vaidya 1960, Wogihara et al. 1934-1935. Tibetan text: dpal dam chos pad ma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo, Toh 113, Degé Kangyur, vol. 51 (mdo sed, ja), folios 1b–180b. English translations: see Kern 1884; Roberts, 2018.
Guhyasamājatantra. Sanskrit text: see Bagchi 1965. Tibetan text: de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi sku gsung thugs kyi gsang chen gsang ba ’dus pa zhes bya ba brtag pa’i rgyal po chen po, Toh 442, Degé Kangyur vol. 81 (rgyud ’bum, ca), folios 89b–148a.
yul ’khor skyong gis zhus pa (Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā). Toh 62, Degé Kangyur vol. 42 (dkon brtsegs, nga), folios 227.a–257.a. English translation in Vienna Buddhist Translation Studies Group (2021).
Candrakīrti. Prasannapadānāmamūlamadhyamakavṛtti. Sanskrit text: see La Vallée Poussin 1903-1912. Tibetan text: dbu ma rtsa ba’i ’grel pa tshig gsal ba, Toh 3860, Degé Tengyur vol. 102 (dbu ma, ’a), folios 1b–200a.
Nāgārjuna. Prajñanāmamūlamādhyamakakārikā. Sanskrit text and translation: see Inada 1970. Tibetan text: dbu ma rtsa ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa shes rab, Toh 3824, Degé Tengyur vol. 96 (dbu ma, tsa), folios 1b–19a.
Śāntideva. Śikṣāsamuccaya. Sanskrit text: see Vaidya, 1961. Tibetan text: bslab pa kun las btus pa, Toh 3940, Degé Tengyur vol. 111 (dbu ma, khi), folios 3a–194b. English translation: see Goodman 2016.
Editions and translations of works referenced
Bagchi, S. (ed.). Guhyasamājatantra. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, No. 9. Darbhanga: Mithila Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning, 1965.
Buddhavacana Translation Group. The Sūtra Unravelling the Intent (Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra, Toh 106). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh106.html
Dayal, Har. The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature. 1932. Reprint, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1970.
Goodman, Charles. The Training Anthology of Śāntideva: A Translation of the Śikṣā-samuccaya. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Inada, K. Nāgārjuna. Buffalo, N.Y., 1970.
Kern, H. (ed.). Saddharma-Puṇḍarīka, or Lotus of the True Law. Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXI. Oxford: Clarendon, 1884.
Lamotte, Étienne (tr.). Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra: L’Explication des mystères. [Tib. text and French translation]. Louvain: Université de Louvain; and Paris: Adrien Maisonneuve, 1935.
La Vallée Poussin, L. de (ed.). Mūlamadhyamakakārikās (Mādhyamikasūtras) de Nāgārjuna avec la Prasannapadā, commentaire de Candrakīrti . Bibliotheca Buddhica IV. St. Petersburg: Académie Impériale des sciences, 1903-1913.
Roberts, Peter (tr.). The White Lotus of the Good Dharma (Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra, Toh 113). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018 (read.84000.co).
Sakaki (ed.). Mahāvyutpatti, Skt.-Tib. lexicon. Kyoto, 1916-1925.
Vaidya, P. L. (ed.) Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra. Darbhanga: The Mithila Institute of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning, 1960.
———(ed.). Śikṣāsamuccaya of Śāntideva. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, No. 11. Darbhanga: Mithila Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning, 1961.
Vienna Buddhist Translation Studies Group, trans. The Questions of Rāṣṭrapāla (Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchāsūtra, Toh 62). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2021.
Wogihara, Unrai and Tsuchida, Chikao. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtram: Romanized and Revised Text of the Bibliotheca Buddhica publication by consulting a Sanskrit Ms. & Tibetan and Chinese translations. Tōkyō: Seigo-Kenkyūkai, 1934–1935.
Glossary
Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language
Attested in source text
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Attested in other text
This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.
Attested in dictionary
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Approximate attestation
The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.
Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering
This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.
Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering
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Abhidharma
- chos mngon pa
- ཆོས་མངོན་པ།
- abhidharma
Abhidharmakośa
- chos mngon pa’i mdzod
- ཆོས་མངོན་པའི་མཛོད།
- abhidharmakośa
Abhirati
- mngon par dga’ ba
- མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
- abhirati
absence of self
- bdag med pa
- བདག་མེད་པ།
- anātmatā
- nairātmya
absorption
- snyoms par ’jug
- སྙོམས་པར་འཇུག
- samāpatti
affliction
- nyon mongs
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- kleśa
Aggregate
- phung po
- ཕུང་པོ།
- skandha
aids to enlightenment
- byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos
- བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས།
- bodhipakṣikadharma
Ajita Keśakambala
- mi pham sgra’i la ba can
- མི་ཕམ་སྒྲའི་ལ་བ་ཅན།
- ajita keśakambala
Akaniṣṭha
- ’og min
- འོག་མིན།
- akaniṣṭha
Akṣayamati
- blo gros mi zad pa
- བློ་གྲོས་མི་ཟད་པ།
- akṣayamati
Akṣobhya
- mi ’khrugs pa
- མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
- akṣobhya
Amitābha
- snang ba mtha’ yas
- སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས།
- amitābha
Āmrapālī
- a mra srung ba
- ཨ་མྲ་སྲུང་བ།
- āmrapālī
Ānanda
- kun dga’ bo
- ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
- ānanda
Anantaguṇaratnavyūha
- yon tan rin chen mtha’ yas bkod pa
- ཡོན་ཏན་རིན་ཆེན་མཐའ་ཡས་བཀོད་པ།
- anantaguṇaratnavyūha
Anārambaṇadhyāyin
- dmigs pa med pa’i bsam gtan
- དམིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་བསམ་གཏན།
- anārambaṇadhyāyin
Anikṣiptadhura
- brtson pa mi ’dor ba
- བརྩོན་པ་མི་འདོར་བ།
- anikṣiptadhura
Aniruddha
- ma ’gags pa
- མ་འགགས་པ།
- aniruddha
arhat
- dgra bcom pa
- དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
- arhat
Āryadeva
- ’phags pa lha
- འཕགས་པ་ལྷ།
- āryadeva
Āryāsaṅga
- ’phags pa thogs med
- thogs med
- འཕགས་པ་ཐོགས་མེད།
- ཐོགས་མེད།
- āryāsaṅga
- asaṅga
Aśoka
- mya ngan med pa
- མྱ་ངན་མེད་པ།
- aśoka
asura
- lha ma yin
- ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
- asura
auspicious signs and marks
- mtshan dang dpe byad bzang po
- མཚན་དང་དཔེ་བྱད་བཟང་པོ།
- lakṣaṇānuvyañjana
Avalokiteśvara
- spyan ras gzigs kyi dbang phyug
- སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག
- avalokiteśvara
Avataṃsaka
- phal po che
- ཕལ་པོ་ཆེ།
- avataṃsaka
bad migrations
- ngan song
- ངན་སོང་།
- durgati
basic precepts
- bslab pa’i gzhi rnams
- བསླབ་པའི་གཞི་རྣམས།
- sikṣāpada
Bhaiṣajyarāja
- sman gyi rgyal po
- སྨན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
- bhaiṣajyarāja
Bhāvaviveka
- legs ldan ’byed
- ལེགས་ལྡན་འབྱེད།
- bhāvaviveka
bhikṣu
- dge slong
- དགེ་སློང་།
- bhikṣu
billion-world galaxy
- stong gsum gyi stong chen po’i ’jig rten gyi khams
- སྟོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྟོང་ཆེན་པོའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས།
- trisāhasramahāsāhasralokadhātu
birthlessness
- mi skye ba
- མི་སྐྱེ་བ།
- anutpādatva
bodhisattva
- byang chub sems dpa’
- བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།
- bodhisattva
body of Dharma
- chos kyi sku
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ།
- dharmakāya
Brahmā
- tshangs pa
- ཚངས་པ།
- brahmā
Brahmajāla
- tshangs pa’i dra ba
- ཚངས་པའི་དྲ་བ།
- brahmajāla
buddha
- sangs rgyas
- སངས་རྒྱས།
- buddha
Buddha Gaya
- —
- —
- buddha gaya
buddhafield
- sangs rgyas kyi zhing
- སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཞིང་།
- buddhakṣetra
Buddhapālita
- sangs rgyas bskyang
- སངས་རྒྱས་བསྐྱང་།
- buddhapālita
Buddhāvataṃsaka
- sangs rgyas phal po che
- སངས་རྒྱས་ཕལ་པོ་ཆེ།
- buddhāvataṃsaka
Cakravāḍa
- khor yug
- ཁོར་ཡུག
- cakravāḍa
Candracchattra
- zla gdugs
- ཟླ་གདུགས།
- candracchattra
Candrakīrti
- zla ba grags pa
- ཟླ་བ་གྲགས་པ།
- candrakīrti
canon of the bodhisattvas
- byang chub sems dpa’i sde snod
- བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྡེ་སྣོད།
- bodhisattvapiṭaka
cessation
- ’gog pa
- འགོག་པ།
- nirodha
Ch’an
- —
- —
- —
Chönyi Tsültrim
- chos nyid tshul khrims
- ཆོས་ཉིད་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས།
- —
concentration
- ting nge ’dzin
- ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
- samādhi
conception of the spirit of enlightenment
- byang chub kyi sems bskyed pa
- བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་པ།
- bodhicittotpāda
conceptualization
- rnam par rtog pa
- རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ།
- vikalpa
conscious awareness
- bag yod pa
- བག་ཡོད་པ།
- apramāda
consciousness
- rnam shes
- རྣམ་ཤེས།
- vijñāna
contemplation
- bsam gtan
- བསམ་གཏན།
- dhyāna
cosmic wind-atmosphere
- rlung gi dkyil ’khor
- རླུང་གི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར།
- vātamaṇḍalī
decisiveness
- nges par sems pa
- ངེས་པར་སེམས་པ།
- nidhyapti
dedication
- yongs su bsngo ba
- ཡོངས་སུ་བསྔོ་བ།
- pariṇāmana
definitive meaning
- nges don
- ངེས་དོན།
- nītārtha
dependent origination
- rten cing ’brel bar ’byung ba
- རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ།
- pratītyasamutpāda
destined for the ultimate
- yang dag pa nyid du nges pa
- ཡང་དག་པ་ཉིད་དུ་ངེས་པ།
- samyaktvaniyata
destiny for the ultimate
- nges pa la zhugs pa
- ངེས་པ་ལ་ཞུགས་པ།
- niyāmāvakrānti
deva
- lha
- ལྷ།
- deva
Devarāja
- lha’i rgyal po
- ལྷའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
- devarāja
Dharma
- chos
- ཆོས།
- dharma
Dharma-door
- chos kyi sgo
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྒོ།
- dharmamukha
Dharma-eye
- chos kyi mig
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་མིག
- dharmacakṣu
Dharmaketu
- chos kyi tog
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཏོག
- dharmaketu
Dharmeśvara
- chos kyi dbang phyug
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག
- dharmeśvara
divine eye
- lha’i mig
- ལྷའི་མིག
- divyacakṣu
door of the Dharma
- chos kyi sgo
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྒོ།
- dharmamukha
Duḥprasāha
- bzod dka’
- བཟོད་དཀའ།
- duḥprasāha
egoistic views
- ’jig tshogs la lta ba
- འཇིག་ཚོགས་ལ་ལྟ་བ།
- satkāyadṛṣṭi
eight liberations
- rnam par thar pa brgyad
- རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པ་བརྒྱད།
- vimokṣa
eight perverse paths
- log pa brgyad
- log pa nyid brgyad
- ལོག་པ་བརྒྱད།
- ལོག་པ་ཉིད་བརྒྱད།
- mithyātva
eighteen special qualities of a bodhisattva
- byang chub sems dpa’i chos ma ’dres pa bco brgyad
- བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ཆོས་མ་འདྲེས་པ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད།
- aṣṭādaśāveṇikabodhisattvadharma
eighteen special qualities of the Buddha
- sangs rgyas kyi chos ma ’dres pa bco brgyad
- སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་མ་འདྲེས་པ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད།
- aṣṭādaśāveṇikabuddhadharma
eightfold noble path
- ’phags pa’i lam gyi yan lag brgyad
- འཕགས་པའི་ལམ་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད།
- āryāṣṭāṅgamārga
element
- khams
- ’byung ba chen po
- ཁམས།
- འབྱུང་བ་ཆེན་པོ།
- dhātu
- mahābhūta
emanated incarnation
- sprul pa
- སྤྲུལ་པ།
- nirmāṇa
emptiness
- stong pa nyid
- སྟོང་པ་ཉིད།
- śūnyatā
enlightenment
- byang chub
- བྱང་ཆུབ།
- bodhi
family of the Buddha
- sangs rgyas kyi rigs
- སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་རིགས།
- buddhakula
family of the tathāgatas
- de bzhin gshegs pa’i rigs
- དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་རིགས།
- tathāgatagotra
fearlessness
- mi ’jigs pa
- མི་འཇིགས་པ།
- vaiśāradya
female attendants
- slas
- སླས།
- sahacāri
five deadly sins
- mtshams med lnga
- མཚམས་མེད་ལྔ།
- ānantarya
five desire objects
- ’dod pa’i yon tan lnga
- འདོད་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ལྔ།
- pañcakāmaguṇaḥ
five obscurations
- sgrib pa lnga
- སྒྲིབ་པ་ལྔ།
- nīvaraṇa
five powers
- stobs lnga
- སྟོབས་ལྔ།
- bala
five spiritual faculties
- dbang po lnga
- དབང་པོ་ལྔ།
- indriya
four bases of magical power
- rdzu ’phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi
- རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་གྱི་རྐང་པ་བཞི།
- ṛddhipāda
four epitomes of the Dharma
- chos kyi phyag rgya bzhi
- bka’ rtags kyi phyag rgya bzhi
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་བཞི།
- བཀའ་རྟགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་བཞི།
- dharmoddāna
four foci of mindfulness
- dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
- དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
- smṛtyupasṭhāna
four immeasurables
- tshad med bzhi
- ཚད་མེད་བཞི།
- catvāryapramāṇāni
four misapprehensions
- phyin ci log bzhi
- ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་བཞི།
- viparyāsa
four reliances
- rton pa bzhi
- རྟོན་པ་བཞི།
- pratiśārana
four right efforts
- yang dag par spong ba bzhi
- ཡང་དག་པར་སྤོང་བ་བཞི།
- samyakprahāṇa
- samyakpradhāna
Gaganagañja
- nam mkha’i mdzod
- ནམ་མཁའི་མཛོད།
- gaganagañja
Gajagandhahastin
- spos kyi ba glang glang po che
- སྤོས་ཀྱི་བ་གླང་གླང་པོ་ཆེ།
- gajagandhahastin
Gandhahastin
- spos kyi glang po che
- སྤོས་ཀྱི་གླང་པོ་ཆེ།
- gandhahastin
Gandhamādana
- spos kyi ngad ldan
- སྤོས་ཀྱི་ངད་ལྡན།
- gandhamādana
gandharva
- dri za
- དྲི་ཟ།
- gandharva
Gandhavyūhāhāra
- spos bkod pa’i zas
- སྤོས་བཀོད་པའི་ཟས།
- gandhavyūhāhāra
Gandhottamakūṭa
- spos mchog brtsegs pa
- སྤོས་མཆོག་བརྩེགས་པ།
- gandhottamakūṭa
garuḍa
- nam mkha’ lding
- ནམ་མཁའ་ལྡིང་།
- garuḍa
gnosis
- ye shes
- ཡེ་ཤེས།
- jñāna
grace
- byin gyis brlabs
- བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས།
- adhiṣṭḥāna
great compassion
- snying rje chen po
- སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahākaruṇā
great love
- byams pa chen po
- བྱམས་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahāmaitrī
great spiritual hero
- sems dpa’ chen po
- སེམས་དཔའ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahāsattva
high resolve
- lhag pa’i bsam pa
- ལྷག་པའི་བསམ་པ།
- adhyāśaya
highest deities
- gzhan ’phrul dbang byed kyi lha
- གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ལྷ།
- paranīrmitavaśavartin
Himavat
- gangs ri
- གངས་རི།
- himavat
identity
- rang bzhin
- རང་བཞིན།
- svabhāva
immaterial realm
- gzugs med khams
- གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས།
- ārūpyadhātu
incantation
- gzungs
- གཟུངས།
- dhāraṇī
incarnation
- sprul pa
- སྤྲུལ་པ།
- nirmāṇa
incarnation-body
- sprul pa’i sku
- སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ།
- nirmāṇakāya
incomprehensibility
- mi dmigs pa
- མི་དམིགས་པ།
- anupalambha
inconceivability
- bsam gyis mi khyab pa
- བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པ།
- acintyatā
inconceivable liberation
- rnam par thar pa bsam gyis mi khyab pa
- རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པ་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པ།
- acintyavimokṣa
Individual Vehicle
- theg pa dman pa
- ཐེག་པ་དམན་པ།
- hīnayāna
Indra
- dbang po
- དབང་པོ།
- indra
Indrajāla
- mig ’phrul can
- མིག་འཕྲུལ་ཅན།
- indrajāla
instinct
- bag chags
- བག་ཆགས།
- vāsanā
intellect
- ’du shes
- འདུ་ཤེས།
- samjñā
interpretable meaning
- drang don
- དྲང་དོན།
- neyārtha
irreversible wheel of the Dharma
- phyir mi ldog pa’i chos kyi ’khor lo
- ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ།
- avaivartikadharmacakra
Jagatindhara
- ’gro ba ’dzin
- འགྲོ་བ་འཛིན།
- jagatindhara
Jālinīprabha
- dra ba can gyi ’od
- དྲ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་འོད།
- jālinīprabha
Jambudvīpa
- ’dzam bu gling
- འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་།
- jambudvīpa
Kakuda Kātyāyana
- kA tya’i bu nog can
- ཀཱ་ཏྱའི་བུ་ནོག་ཅན།
- kakuda kātyāyana
Kālaparvata
- ri nag po
- རི་ནག་པོ།
- kālaparvata
karma
- las
- ལས།
- karman
Kātyāyana
- ka tya’i bu
- ཀ་ཏྱའི་བུ།
- kātyāyana
Kauśika
- kau shi ka
- ཀཽ་ཤི་ཀ
- kauśika
kinnara
- mi’am ci
- མིའམ་ཅི།
- kinnara
knowledge and vision of liberation
- rnam par grol ba’i ye shes mthong ba
- རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཐོང་བ།
- vimuktijñānadarśana
Krakucchanda
- ’khor ba ’jig
- log par dad sel
- འཁོར་བ་འཇིག
- ལོག་པར་དད་སེལ།
- krakucchanda
Kṣetralaṃkṛta
- zhing snyoms brgyan
- ཞིང་སྙོམས་བརྒྱན།
- kṣetralaṃkṛta
Kumārajīva
- —
- —
- kumārajīva
Lakṣaṇakūṭasamatikrānta
- mtshan brtsegs yang dag ’das
- མཚན་བརྩེགས་ཡང་དག་འདས།
- lakṣaṇakūṭasamatikrānta
layman
- dge bsnyen
- དགེ་བསྙེན།
- upāsaka
laywoman
- dge bsnyen ma
- དགེ་བསྙེན་མ།
- upāsikā
liberation
- mya ngan las ’das pa
- rnam par grol ba
- rnam par thar pa
- མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།
- རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བ།
- རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པ།
- nirvāṇa
- vimukti
- vimokṣa
liberative art
- thabs
- ཐབས།
- upāya
Licchavi
- lid tsa bI
- ལིད་ཙ་བཱི།
- licchavi
life
- ’khor ba
- འཁོར་བ།
- saṃsāra
Lokapāla
- ’jig rten skyong
- འཇིག་རྟེན་སྐྱོང་།
- lokapāla
lord
- bcom ldan ’das
- བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
- bhagavān
Madhyamaka
- dbu ma
- དབུ་མ།
- madhyamaka
Mādhyamika
- dbu ma pa
- དབུ་མ་པ།
- mādhyamika
Madhyāntavibhāga
- dbus mtha’ rnam ’byed
- དབུས་མཐའ་རྣམ་འབྱེད།
- madhyāntavibhāga
Mahācakravāḍa
- khor yug chen po
- ཁོར་ཡུག་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahācakravāḍa
Mahākāśyapa
- ’od srung chen po
- འོད་སྲུང་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahākāśyapa
Mahākātyāyana
- ka tya’i bu chen po
- ཀ་ཏྱའི་བུ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahākātyāyana
Mahāmaudgalyāyana
- maud gal gyi bu chen po
- མཽད་གལ་གྱི་བུ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahāmaudgalyāyana
Mahāmucilinda
- ri btang zung chen po
- རི་བཏང་ཟུང་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahāmucilinda
mahāsiddha
- grub thob chen po
- གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahāsiddha
Mahāsthāmaprāpta
- mthu chen thob
- མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ།
- mahāsthāmaprāpta
Mahāvyūha
- bkod pa chen po
- བཀོད་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahāvyūha
Mahāvyūha
- cher bkod pa
- ཆེར་བཀོད་པ།
- mahāvyūha
Mahāyāna
- theg pa chen po
- ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
- mahāyāna
mahoraga
- lto ’phye chen po
- ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ།