• 84000
  • The Collection
  • The Kangyur
  • Discourses
  • General Sūtra Section
  • Toh 153

This rendering does not include the entire published text

The full text is available to download as pdf at:
/translation/toh153.pdf

ཀླུའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རྒྱ་མཚོས་ཞུས་པ།

The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (1)
Glossary

Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā
འཕགས་པ་ཀླུའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རྒྱ་མཚོས་ཞུས་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
’phags pa klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Noble Great Vehicle Sūtra “The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara”
Ārya­sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchānāma­mahāyāna­sūtra

Toh 153

Degé Kangyur, vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha), folios 116.a–198.a

ᴛʀᴀɴsʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛɪʙᴇᴛᴀɴ ʙʏ
  • Jinamitra
  • Prajñāvarman
  • Yeshé Dé

Imprint

84000 logo

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2021

Current version v 1.0.13 (2025)

Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.26.1

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

Logo for the license

This work is provided under the protection of a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution - Non-commercial - No-derivatives) 3.0 copyright. It may be copied or printed for fair use, but only with full attribution, and not for commercial advantage or personal compensation. For full details, see the Creative Commons license.

Options for downloading this publication

This print version was generated at 8.48pm on Monday, 17th February 2025 from the online version of the text available on that date. If some time has elapsed since then, this version may have been superseded, as most of 84000’s published translations undergo significant updates from time to time. For the latest online version, with bilingual display, interactive glossary entries and notes, and a variety of further download options, please see
https://84000.co/translation/toh153.


co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
tr. The Translation
+ 10 chapters- 10 chapters
1. Chapter One: The Setting
2. Chapter Two: Aspirations
3. Chapter Three: The Inexhaustible Casket Dhāraṇī
4. Chapter Four: The Benefits of the Inexhaustible Casket Dhāraṇī
5. Chapter Five: Prophecy
6. Chapter Six: Being Supported by the Path of the Ten Virtues
7. Chapter Seven: The Protection of the Nāgas
8. Chapter Eight: Nāga King Sāgara’s Prophecy
9. Chapter Nine: The Inherent Purity of All Phenomena
10. The Conclusion
c. Colophon
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Tibetan Canonical Texts
· Secondary Sources
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara begins with a miracle that portends the coming of the Nāga King Sāgara to Vulture Peak Mountain in Rājagṛha. The nāga king engages in a lengthy dialogue with the Buddha on various topics pertaining to the distinction between relative and ultimate reality, all of which emphasize the primacy of insight into emptiness. The Buddha thereafter journeys to King Sāgara’s palace in the ocean and reveals details of the king’s past lives in order to introduce the inexhaustible casket dhāraṇī. In the nāga king’s palace in the ocean, he gives teachings on various topics and acts as peacemaker, addressing the ongoing conflicts between the gods and asuras and between the nāgas and garuḍas. Upon returning to Vulture Peak, the Buddha engages in dialogue with King Ajātaśatru and provides Nāga King Sāgara’s prophecy.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the guidance of Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. The translation was produced by Timothy Hinkle, who also wrote the introduction. Andreas Doctor checked the translation against the Tibetan and edited the text.

ac.­2

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

ac.­3

The generous sponsorship of Kelvin Lee, Doris Lim, Chang Chen Hsien, Lim Cheng Cheng, Ng Ah Chon and family, Lee Hoi Lang and family, the late Lim Kim Heng, and the late Low Lily, which helped make the work on this translation possible, is most gratefully acknowledged.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

Set at Vulture Peak Mountain and in the ocean realm of the Nāga King Sāgara, The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara covers many topics of interest to bodhisattvas, including karma and rebirth and the ultimate view of emptiness. The primary interlocutor is the eponymous Nāga King Sāgara, whose arrival at Vulture Peak Mountain is presaged by the appearance of a magical jeweled parasol covering the entire world. With the Buddha’s consent, Sāgara asks a series of questions, which are answered in sequence. Replying to a question about seeing with unobscured wisdom, the Buddha introduces a distinction between ordinary seeing and wisdom seeing, indicating that seeing with unobscured wisdom allows the bodhisattva greater perception that includes both relative and ultimate reality. At this point the Buddha’s discourse is explicitly identified by the gods, who have been listening in the sky above, as belonging to the second turning of the wheel of Dharma.


Text Body

The Translation
The Noble Great Vehicle Sūtra
The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara

1.

Chapter One: The Setting

[F.116.a]


1.­1

Homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas.


1.­2

Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagṛha at Vulture Peak Mountain with a great saṅgha of eight thousand monks and with twelve thousand bodhisattvas with higher knowledge that had gathered from the worlds of the ten directions by means of their higher knowledge. Those bodhisattvas possessed all the greatest attributes. They knew the dhāraṇīs and the discourses. They delighted all beings with their eloquence. They were skilled in teaching the wisdom of the higher knowledges. They had traveled to the sublime far shore of all the perfections. They were skilled in the knowledge of the bodhisattvas’ absorptions and attainments. They were praised, commended, and lauded by all buddhas. They were skilled in the knowledge of traveling to all buddha realms through their miraculous powers. They were skilled in the knowledge of terrifying the māras. They were skilled in the knowledge of all phenomena just as they are. They were skilled in the knowledge of beings’ supreme and ordinary faculties. They were skilled in the knowledge of accomplishing the factors of awakening. They were skilled in the knowledge of correctly accomplishing the acts of venerating all the buddhas. They were unstained by any worldly phenomena and were adorned with all the ornaments of body, speech, and mind. They had donned the armor consisting of delight in great love and compassion. They could be diligent over the course of countless eons without becoming discouraged. They roared the great lion’s roar. They were not overcome by any of the arguments of their adversaries. They had been marked by the seal of the irreversible Dharma. They had been crowned with all the qualities of buddhahood. [F.116.b]


2.

Chapter Two: Aspirations

2.­1

When Nāga King Sāgara heard this, he was satisfied, elated, happy, delighted, joyful, and at ease. As a shelter for the Dharma, he offered the Blessed One a large jewel called the gem that purifies the ocean with bright light, whose value matched that of the entire trichiliocosm. [F.129.b] The light of this precious gem eclipsed even that of the sun and the moon. The entire assembly was astonished and prostrated to the Blessed One, announcing, “The appearance of a buddha is amazing. When a buddha appears, such amazing things as this are possible, and marvelous Dharma teachings also appear.”


3.

Chapter Three: The Inexhaustible Casket Dhāraṇī

3.­1

Then Nāga King Sāgara asked the Blessed One, “Blessed One, how could it be that discussions of worldly giving, restraint, vows, gentleness, going forth, emancipation, pure conduct, discipline, learning, carefulness, ascetic practices, and voluntary poverty are not the speech of the buddhas?”

3.­2

The Blessed One answered, “Nāga Lord, any teaching that is not produced to give rise to blessed buddhas and to bring about cessation and does not lead to renunciation of involvement with the three realms is worldly. It is not buddha speech. Those that fall into that category are the four concentrations, the four immeasurables, the four formless attainments, the five types of higher knowledges, the ten courses of virtuous action, and knowledge of worldly giving, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and insight. Also included here are knowledge of language, numbers, counting, and palmistry; knowledge of origins; knowledge of spells, medicine, and healing; and knowledge of crafts and manufacture. In this category are also those types of knowledge that involve marks, administration, material things, employment, physics, the world, and any other engagement with the three realms. All of these are not buddha speech.


4.

Chapter Four: The Benefits of the Inexhaustible Casket Dhāraṇī

4.­1

“Nāga Lord, at one point in the past, even longer than a countless eon ago, at a point so long ago that it defies reckoning or fathoming, there was an eon called Action. At that time there was a world called Constellation of Unique Attributes in which the Blessed Buddha Divine King of Brahmā’s Splendor appeared. He was a thus-gone one, a worthy one, a perfect buddha, someone learned and virtuous, [F.146.a] a well-gone one, a knower of the world, an unsurpassed charioteer who guides beings, and a teacher of gods and humans. The world Constellation of Unique Attributes was at that time well-off, vast, and happy, had abundant harvests, was delightful, had many inhabitants, and was filled with gods and humans. It was a four-continent world as large as the billion four-continent worlds in this buddha realm. Thus, one billion such four-continent worlds constituted the Blessed Thus-Gone One Divine King of Brahmā’s Splendor’s world Constellation of Unique Attributes. The extent of this world was immeasurable. In this world shone the light of precious ever-luminous vajra jewels. This world was draped with a net of jewels, hung with many silken banners, adorned with hoisted parasols, banners, and standards, and draped with great canopies. At night the sound of thousands of instruments resounded from the firmament unplayed, unstruck. The sounds of instruments and song could be heard clearly by the entire trichiliocosm. Such instruments and song did not reinforce desire, nor did they inflame attachment, aggression, delusion, and the afflictions. Rather peace, absolute peace, Dharma joy, and satisfaction issued from these sounds. By simply hearing them, all gods and humans attained mindfulness, peace, joy, and bliss, [F.146.b] and they were no longer harmed by the afflictions. Additionally, the world was flat like the palm of a hand, soft and pleasing to the touch like fabric made from feathers of the kācilindi bird. The lower realms and poor migrations were not to be found in that world. Rather, its gods and humans lived in complete purity. For the most part, everyone was inspired toward vastness and had entered the Great Vehicle. Practitioners of the vehicles of hearers and solitary buddhas were scarce. All manner of enjoyments arose simply by being imagined in the mind. These gods and humans all experienced pleasures and enjoyments‍—none suffered or was poor. The humans situated there were similar to the gods of the Heaven of Joy in their enjoyments and pleasures. The lifespan of this thus-gone one was counted as33 67.2 million years. The lifespan of the humans there was the same. Nobody failed to live out their lifespan. There were 7.2 billion bodhisattvas in the assembly of this thus-gone one; his saṅgha of hearers was immeasurable.


5.

Chapter Five: Prophecy

5.­1

Venerable Śāriputra then said to the Blessed One, [F.154.b] “Blessed One, if even beings born into the nāga realms can develop the mind set on unsurpassed and perfect awakening in this fashion, it is astounding that some people are incapable of developing the mind set on awakening.”

5.­2

The Blessed One responded, “Śāriputra, these twelve thousand nāgas went forth in the Thus-Gone One Kāśyapa’s body of teachings. They heard the message on the mind set on awakening from that thus-gone one. Not only did they hear it, but the Thus-Gone One gave them his approval. The Great Vehicle is inconceivable, and yet he expressed his approval. Still, they were distracted by nonvirtue in the following way: in order to keep a family household or a household that gives to beggars, they failed to practice discipline. As they let their discipline become impaired, once they died, they were reborn in the nāga realm. Through the cause, contributing condition, and roots of virtue of them hearing the message of the Great Vehicle and the Blessed One expressing his approval, they now hear the Great Vehicle message from me. Having heard teachings on the inexhaustible casket dhāraṇī, they are developing the mind set on unsurpassed and perfect awakening. Śāriputra, just consider this difference of intention.


6.

Chapter Six: Being Supported by the Path of the Ten Virtues

6.­1

Nāga King Sāgara then said to the Blessed One, “Blessed One, out of care for us, to benefit many beings, to bring many beings happiness, and out of love for the world, I beg you to take tomorrow’s midday meal in the ocean. Blessed One, the ocean is home to limitless beings such as gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, and other species of animals. If they see the Thus-Gone One, they will develop roots of virtue. By hearing the sublime Dharma, they will comprehend how there can be an end to beginningless saṃsāra. My royal nāga realm will flourish, [F.159.a] and the world and its gods will be unable to defeat us. In this way, the Thus-Gone One could demonstrate the eminence of the buddhas and explain the Dharma that describes the factors of awakening in relation to me.”


7.

Chapter Seven: The Protection of the Nāgas

7.­1

Nāga King Sāgara then said to the Blessed One, “Blessed One, through what Dharma door should bodhisattvas enter such that not only do they abandon all the flaws of previous karmic obscuration, but, having abandoned all karmic obscuration, they proceed to become distinguished persons? What Dharma door should they enter?”

7.­2

The Blessed One answered, “Nāga Lord, the continuity of all karmic obscuration is severed by a single quality. What is this single quality? It is to abide by one’s vows and, should a fault occur, to confess it. [F.170.a] Nāga Lord, the continuity of karmic obscuration is severed by two qualities. What are these two? They are to discriminate the Dharma accurately and to not have preconceptions about what is presently arising. Nāga Lord, the continuity of karmic obscuration is severed by three qualities. What are these three? They are the discrimination of the consciousness that engages conditional phenomena, the discrimination of phenomena that are neither new nor old, and the discrimination of phenomena that are naturally without affliction. Nāga Lord, the continuity of karmic obscuration is severed by four qualities. What are these four? They are certainty in emptiness, abiding in the absence of marks, freedom from wishing, and unconditioned consciousness. Nāga Lord, the continuity of karmic obscuration is severed by five qualities. What are these five? They are the nonexistence of self, the nonexistence of a being, the nonexistence of a life principle, the nonexistence of personhood, and the nonexistence of life. Nāga Lord, the continuity of karmic obscuration is severed by six qualities. What are these six? They are aspiration, trust, certainty, confidence, discerning the real, and engaging in actions motivated by the pure motivation. These six qualities sever the continuity of karmic obscuration.”


8.

Chapter Eight: Nāga King Sāgara’s Prophecy

8.­1

The four garuḍas, the kings of the birds, heard of the Thus-Gone One’s blessing and were displeased. With due haste, they made their way to where the Blessed One was. Arriving, they bowed their heads before the Blessed One, encircled him three times, and asked, “Blessed One, if we do not kill our prey, what shall we do?”

8.­2

The Blessed One answered, “Friends, four types of food will lead one to be reborn as a hell being, an animal, or a resident of the realms of the Lord of Death. What are these four? Friends, any food that involves taking a being’s life, harming another being, or supporting oneself through taking the life of another is the first type of food that will lead one to be reborn as a hell being, an animal, or a resident of the realms of the Lord of Death. Furthermore, friends, any food that involves stealing, destroying another’s livelihood, or striking someone with a club, sword, weapon, or tool is the second type of food that will lead one to be reborn as a hell being, an animal, or a resident of the realms of the Lord of Death. Friends, any food that involves deceit, disrespect, or harming another, or that involves making a show of having genuine conduct while having degenerate behavior, [F.181.a] discipline, view, livelihood, or wrong and inappropriate qualities is the third type of food that will lead one to be reborn as a hell being, an animal, or a resident of the realms of the Lord of Death. Friends, any food that involves falsely claiming to be a teacher when one is not, claiming to be living appropriately when one is not, claiming to be a mendicant when one is not, or claiming to observe pure conduct when one is not, is the fourth type of food that will lead one to be reborn as a hell being, an animal, or a resident of the realms of the Lord of Death. Friends, I can teach the Dharma because I have genuinely desisted from partaking of these four types of food.


9.

Chapter Nine: The Inherent Purity of All Phenomena

9.­1

King Ajātaśatru then remarked to the Blessed One, “Blessed One, all phenomena accord with their causes. When they are produced, they have the characteristic of arising. They come into being just as they are desired. Blessed One, the conduct of awakening is infinite. In this regard, for as long as bodhisattvas have not taken hold of a buddha realm replete with all supreme aspects, they will engage in bodhisattva conduct. Blessed One, [F.189.b] all bodhisattvas will purify buddha realms just like Nāga King Sāgara.”


10.

The Conclusion

10.­1

The Blessed One [F.194.a] then addressed all the bodhisattvas, saying, “Sublime beings, you must uphold this sūtra to ensure that the Thus-Gone One’s awakening will remain for a long time. Who among you is enthusiastic about upholding this sūtra?”

10.­2

Twenty thousand bodhisattvas and ten thousand gods then rose from their seats. Bowing with palms joined toward the Blessed One, they said, “Blessed One, we commit to upholding this sūtra in this way. We will propagate it.”


c.

Colophon

c.­1

It was translated, proofed, and finalized by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra and Prajñāvarman and the editor-translator Bandé Yeshé Dé and others.


n.

Notes

n.­1
This part of the text has been translated and discussed by Diana Paul (1979). Paul also points out a similar episode in The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrti­nirdeśa, Toh 176), 6.12–6.43, where Śāriputra challenges a goddess for the same reasons and is soundly defeated.
n.­2
For English translations of Toh 154 and Toh 155, see Dharmachakra Translation Committee, trans. The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (2), 2020; and Sakya Pandita Translation Group, trans. The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (3), 2011.
n.­3
佛說海龍王經 (Foshuo hailong wang jing).
n.­4
Denkarma, folio 297.a.6. See also Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, page 55, number 96.
n.­5
Phangthangma, page 7.
n.­6
For references, see Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, page 55, number 96.
n.­7
Ratna­karaṇḍodghāṭa­nāma­madhyamakopadeśa, (Tib. dbu ma’i man ngag rin po che’i za ma tog kha phye ba, Toh 3930). For a recent translation of this text, see Apple (2019).
n.­8
The sūtra is cited to this effect in Rangjung Dorjé’s zab mo nang gi don rnam par bshad pa’i bstan bcos kyi tshig don gsal bar byed pa’i legs bshad nor bu rin po che’i phreng ba and Gorampa Sönam Sengé’s sdom gsum rab dbye’i spyi don yid bzhin nor bu.
n.­33
bsgras pa reads as bsgres pa in the Yongle, Kangxi, Lithang, Narthang, Choné, and Lhasa Kangyurs.

b.

Bibliography

Tibetan Canonical Texts

klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā). Toh 153, Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha), folios 116.a–198.a.

’phags pa klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa zhes bye ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 58, 303–518.

’phags pa klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa zhes bye ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. Stok Palace Kangyur vol. 66 (mdo sde, ba), folios 166.a.–282.a.

dri med grags pas bstan pa (Vimalakīrti­nirdeśa). Toh 176, Degé Kangyur vol. 60 (mdo sde, ma), folios 175.a–239.a. English translation in Thurman (2017).

phung po gsum pa’i mdo (Triskandhaka­sūtra). Toh 284, Degé Kangyur vol. 68 (mdo sde, ya), folios 57.a–77.a.

pho brang stod thang ldan dkar gyi chos kyi ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag [Denkarma]. Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā). Toh 154, Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha), folios 198.b–205.a. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2020b).

klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā). Toh 155, Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha), folios 205.a–205.b. English translation in Sakya Pandita Translation Group (2011).

Atiśa. dbu ma’i man ngag rin po che’i za ma tog kha phye ba (Ratna­karaṇdodghāta­nāma­madhyamakopadeśa). Toh 3930, Degé Tengyur vol. 110 (dbu ma, ki), folios 96.b–116.b. .

Śāntideva. bslab pa kun las btus pa (Śikṣāsamuccaya). Toh 3940, Degé Tengyur vol. 111 (dbu ma, khi), folios 3.a–194.b.

Secondary Sources

Apple, James. Jewels of the Middle Way: The Madhyamaka Legacy of Atiśa and His Early Tibetan Followers. Somerville: Wisdom Publications, 2019.

Dharmachakra Translation Committee, trans. (2020b). The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (2) (Sāgaranāgarājaparipṛcchā, Toh 154). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2020.

Edgerton, Franklin. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Volume II: Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993.

Gorampa Sönam Sengé (go rams pa bsod nams seng ge). sdom gsum rab dbye’i spyi don yid bzhin nor bu. In gsung ’bum bsod nams seng ge, vol. 9 (ta), 437–603. Degé: rdzong sar khams bye’i slob gling, 2004–14. BDRC W1PD1725.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Paul, Diana, and Frances Wilson. Women in Buddhism: Images of the Feminine in the Mahāyāna Tradition. University of California Press, 1979.

Sakya Pandita Translation Group, trans. The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (3) (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā, Toh 155). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2011.

Śikṣāsamuccaya. GRETIL edition input by Mirek Rozehnahl, March 17, 2017.

Thurman, Robert A. F., trans. The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrti­nirdeśa, Toh 176). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2017.


g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

Ābhāsvara

Wylie:
  • ’od gsal
Tibetan:
  • འོད་གསལ།
Sanskrit:
  • ābhāsvara

A god, king in the Luminous Heaven.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­2

Abhirati

Wylie:
  • mngon par dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • abhirati

The celestial realm of the Thus-Gone One Akṣobhya in the east.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • 8.­25
g.­3

absorption

Wylie:
  • ting nge ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • samādhi

A synonym for meditation, this refers to the state of deep meditative immersion that results from different modes of Buddhist practice.

Located in 20 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­38
  • 1.­42
  • 1.­44
  • 1.­69
  • 2.­8
  • 3.­39
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­10
  • 5.­24
  • 6.­25
  • 7.­16
  • 7.­73
  • 8.­39-40
  • g.­29
  • g.­35
  • g.­66
  • g.­83
  • g.­85
g.­4

acceptance of phenomena concurring with reality

Wylie:
  • ’thun pa’i chos kyi bzod pa
  • ’thun pa’i chos rnams la bzod pa
Tibetan:
  • འཐུན་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བཟོད་པ།
  • འཐུན་པའི་ཆོས་རྣམས་ལ་བཟོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • ānulomikadharmakṣānti

According to Edgerton, this is an acceptance “which leads to continued religious progress” (pp. 96–97).

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­17
  • 4.­7
g.­5

acts of immediate retribution

Wylie:
  • mtshams med pa
Tibetan:
  • མཚམས་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • ānantarya

See “five acts of immediate retribution.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­39
g.­6

Adorned with a Mark

Wylie:
  • mtshan gyis yang dag par brgyan pa
Tibetan:
  • མཚན་གྱིས་ཡང་དག་པར་བརྒྱན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­7

Adorned with Various Jewels

Wylie:
  • rin chen sna tshogs can
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Nāga King Sāgara’s daughter, who in the future will become the Buddha Samantavipaśyin, in the realm of Light.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 7.­31
  • 7.­33
  • 7.­68
  • g.­168
  • g.­265
g.­8

affliction

Wylie:
  • nyon mongs
Tibetan:
  • ཉོན་མོངས།
Sanskrit:
  • kleśa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure and lead to unwholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind, acting as causes for continued existence in saṃsāra. Included among them are the primary afflictions of desire (rāga), anger (dveṣa), and ignorance (avidyā). It is said that there are eighty-four thousand of these negative mental qualities, for which the eighty-four thousand categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote.

Kleśa is also commonly translated as “negative emotions,” “disturbing emotions,” and so on. The Pāli kilesa, Middle Indic kileśa, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit kleśa all primarily mean “stain” or “defilement.” The translation “affliction” is a secondary development that derives from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of √kliś (“to harm,“ “to afflict”). Both meanings are noted by Buddhist commentators.

Located in 32 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­11
  • 1.­35
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­46
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­65
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­20
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­38-41
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­25
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­30
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­72
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­27
  • 7.­41-43
  • 7.­46
  • 8.­17
  • g.­222
g.­9

aggregates

Wylie:
  • phung po
Tibetan:
  • ཕུང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • skandha

See “five aggregates.”

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­5
  • 3.­3
  • 6.­45
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­19
  • g.­68
  • g.­188
  • g.­220
  • g.­273
g.­10

Agnijihva

Wylie:
  • me lce
Tibetan:
  • མེ་ལྕེ།
Sanskrit:
  • agnijihva

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­11

Ajātaśatru

Wylie:
  • ma skyes dgra
Tibetan:
  • མ་སྐྱེས་དགྲ།
Sanskrit:
  • ajātaśatru

King of Magadha, son of the king Bimbisāra. As a prince, he befriended Devadatta, who convinced him to kill his father and take the throne for himself. After his father's death he was tormented with guilt and became a follower of the Buddha. He supported the compilation of the Buddha’s teachings during the First Council in Rājagṛha, and also built a stūpa for the Buddha's relics.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • 8.­37-38
  • 8.­41
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­3-4
  • 9.­9
  • 10.­44
  • g.­238
g.­12

Akṣobhya

Wylie:
  • mi ’khrugs pa
Tibetan:
  • མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • akṣobhya

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Lit. “Not Disturbed” or “Immovable One.” The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhirati. A well-known buddha in Mahāyāna, regarded in the higher tantras as the head of one of the five buddha families, the vajra family in the east.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • 8.­25
  • g.­2
g.­13

All Phenomena Abide without Assertions

Wylie:
  • chos thams cad la khas ’che ba med par shin tu gnas pa
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ཁས་འཆེ་བ་མེད་པར་ཤིན་ཏུ་གནས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­8
g.­14

All-Illuminating

Wylie:
  • kun tu snang ba
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་སྣང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Stainless Light.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­15

All-Seeing

Wylie:
  • kun tu lta ba
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་ལྟ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Samantavipaśyin.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­264
g.­16

Amassed Divinity

Wylie:
  • lha brtsegs
Tibetan:
  • ལྷ་བརྩེགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­17

Amitāyus

Wylie:
  • tshe dpag tu med pa
Tibetan:
  • ཚེ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • amitāyus

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­292
g.­18

Amoghadarśin

Wylie:
  • mthong ba don yod
Tibetan:
  • མཐོང་བ་དོན་ཡོད།
Sanskrit:
  • amoghadarśin

Name of the buddha that Glorious Splendor will become in the world Totally Pure and Stable.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­23-24
  • 5.­36-37
  • g.­324
g.­19

Amoghadarśin

Wylie:
  • mthong ba don yod
Tibetan:
  • མཐོང་བ་དོན་ཡོད།
Sanskrit:
  • amoghadarśin

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­20

Ānanda

Wylie:
  • kun dga’ bo
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
Sanskrit:
  • ānanda

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A major śrāvaka disciple and personal attendant of the Buddha Śākyamuni during the last twenty-five years of his life. He was a cousin of the Buddha (according to the Mahāvastu, he was a son of Śuklodana, one of the brothers of King Śuddhodana, which means he was a brother of Devadatta; other sources say he was a son of Amṛtodana, another brother of King Śuddhodana, which means he would have been a brother of Aniruddha).

Ānanda, having always been in the Buddha’s presence, is said to have memorized all the teachings he heard and is celebrated for having recited all the Buddha’s teachings by memory at the first council of the Buddhist saṅgha, thus preserving the teachings after the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa. The phrase “Thus did I hear at one time,” found at the beginning of the sūtras, usually stands for his recitation of the teachings. He became a patriarch after the passing of Mahākāśyapa.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­13
  • 5.­22-25
  • 10.­42
  • 10.­44
g.­21

Anavatapta

Wylie:
  • ma dros pa
Tibetan:
  • མ་དྲོས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • anavatapta

A nāga king.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­23
  • 7.­25
  • 7.­30
  • 10.­44
  • g.­143
g.­22

applications of mindfulness

Wylie:
  • dran pa nye bar bzhag pa
Tibetan:
  • དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • smṛtyupasthāna

Four contemplations on (1) the body, (2) feelings, (3) mind, and (4) phenomena. These four contemplations are part of the thirty-seven factors of awakening.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­44
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­44
  • 6.­72
  • g.­76
g.­23

Array

Wylie:
  • bkod pa
Tibetan:
  • བཀོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­5
g.­24

ascetic practices

Wylie:
  • sbyangs pa’i yon tan
Tibetan:
  • སྦྱངས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན།
Sanskrit:
  • dhūtaguṇa

An optional set of thirteen practices (with some variations among sources) that monastics can adopt in order to cultivate greater detachment. They consist of (1) wearing patched robes made from discarded cloth rather than from cloth donated by laypeople; (2) wearing only three robes; (3) going for alms; (4) not omitting any house while on the alms round, rather than begging only at those houses known to provide good food; (5) eating only what can be eaten in one sitting; (6) eating only food received in the alms bowl, rather than more elaborate meals presented to the Saṅgha; (7) refusing more food after indicating one has eaten enough; (8) dwelling in the forest; (9) dwelling at the foot of a tree; (10) dwelling in the open air, using only a tent made from one’s robes as shelter; (11) dwelling in a charnel ground; (12) being satisfied with whatever dwelling one has; and (13) sleeping in a sitting position without ever lying down.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­20
  • 1.­42-44
  • 2.­16
  • 3.­1
g.­25

asura

Wylie:
  • lha ma yin
Tibetan:
  • ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
Sanskrit:
  • asura

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A type of nonhuman being whose precise status is subject to different views, but is included as one of the six classes of beings in the sixfold classification of realms of rebirth. In the Buddhist context, asuras are powerful beings said to be dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility. They are also known in the pre-Buddhist and pre-Vedic mythologies of India and Iran, and feature prominently in Vedic and post-Vedic Brahmanical mythology, as well as in the Buddhist tradition. In these traditions, asuras are often described as being engaged in interminable conflict with the devas (gods).

Located in 39 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­3
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­71
  • 3.­41
  • 4.­10
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­31
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­4
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­47
  • 7.­5-7
  • 7.­10
  • 7.­12
  • 7.­19
  • 7.­31
  • 7.­70-72
  • 7.­74
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­31
  • 8.­40
  • 10.­44
  • g.­237
  • g.­271
  • g.­289
  • g.­303
  • g.­317
  • g.­342
g.­26

attainment

Wylie:
  • snyoms par ’jug pa
Tibetan:
  • སྙོམས་པར་འཇུག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • samāpatti

A technical term referring to a meditative state attained through the practice of concentration. Usually a reference to the nine gradual attainments (navānupūrvavihārasamāpatti, mthar gyis gnas pa’i snyoms par ’jug pa dgu) that include the four attainments of the form realm, the four formless attainments, and the attainment of the state of cessation. (The word “attainment” is also used here to translate non-technical words that have the sense of “obtain” or “acquire.”)

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­61
  • 2.­8
  • 3.­39
  • 8.­40
  • g.­88
  • g.­91
  • g.­279
g.­27

Avalokiteśvara

Wylie:
  • spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug
Tibetan:
  • སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དབང་ཕྱུག
Sanskrit:
  • avalokiteśvara

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

One of the “eight close sons of the Buddha,” he is also known as the bodhisattva who embodies compassion. In certain tantras, he is also the lord of the three families, where he embodies the compassion of the buddhas. In Tibet, he attained great significance as a special protector of Tibet, and in China, in female form, as Guanyin, the most important bodhisattva in all of East Asia.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­182
g.­28

Banner of the Lord

Wylie:
  • dbang po’i rgyal mtshan
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The Dharma king that Rāhu is prophesied to become.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 7.­21
  • g.­310
g.­29

bases of miraculous absorption

Wylie:
  • rdzu ’phrul gyi rkang pa
Tibetan:
  • རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་གྱི་རྐང་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • ṛddhipāda

Four types of absorption related respectively to intention, diligence, attention, and analysis.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­3
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­44
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­33
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­72
  • g.­76
g.­30

Bhadrapāla

Wylie:
  • bzang skyong
Tibetan:
  • བཟང་སྐྱོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • bhadrapāla

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Head of the “sixteen excellent men” (ṣoḍaśasatpuruṣa), a group of householder bodhisattvas present in the audience of many sūtras. He appears prominently in certain sūtras, such as The Samādhi of the Presence of the Buddhas (Pratyutpannabuddha­saṃmukhāvasthita­samādhisūtra, Toh 133) and is perhaps also the merchant of the same name who is the principal interlocutor in The Questions of Bhadrapāla the Merchant (Toh 83).

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­3
  • g.­278
g.­31

blessed one

Wylie:
  • bcom ldan ’das
Tibetan:
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
Sanskrit:
  • bhagavān
  • bhagavat

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, this is an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

Located in 167 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­5-9
  • 1.­18-21
  • 1.­73
  • 2.­1-3
  • 2.­12-16
  • 2.­18-19
  • 3.­1-2
  • 3.­46
  • 4.­3-5
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­27
  • 4.­53
  • 5.­1-2
  • 5.­4-5
  • 5.­7-8
  • 5.­10-13
  • 5.­15-18
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­22-23
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­30
  • 5.­36-37
  • 6.­1-2
  • 6.­4
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­18-26
  • 6.­41-44
  • 7.­1-8
  • 7.­12
  • 7.­25-26
  • 7.­31
  • 7.­66
  • 7.­68-76
  • 7.­79-81
  • 8.­1-2
  • 8.­4-11
  • 8.­22-26
  • 8.­31-39
  • 8.­41-42
  • 8.­45
  • 8.­52
  • 9.­1-2
  • 9.­9-10
  • 9.­12
  • 10.­1-33
  • 10.­36-37
  • 10.­41-44
g.­32

Brahmā

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • brahmā

A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world where other beings consider him the creator; he is also considered to be the Lord of the Sahā world (our universe). Though not considered a creator god in Buddhism, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two deities (the other being Indra/Śakra) that are said to have first exhorted Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are multiple universes and world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them.

Located in 20 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 1.­12
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­41
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­37-38
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­31
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­46-47
  • 6.­56
  • 8.­15
  • g.­34
  • g.­291
g.­33

Brahmā Fully Illuminating

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa kun du snang ba
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པ་ཀུན་དུ་སྣང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­36
g.­34

Brahmā world

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa’i ’jig rten
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པའི་འཇིག་རྟེན།
Sanskrit:
  • brahmaloka

The heaven of Brahmā, usually located just above the desire realm as one of the first levels of the form realm and equated with the state that one achieves in the first meditative concentration (dhyāna).

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­12
  • 6.­59
  • g.­87
g.­35

branches of awakening

Wylie:
  • byang chub kyi yan lag
  • byang chub yan lag
Tibetan:
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཡན་ལག
Sanskrit:
  • bodhyaṅga

Mindfulness, discrimination, diligence, joy, ease, absorption, and equanimity.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­3
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­44
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­72
  • g.­76
g.­36

Breath

Wylie:
  • dbugs can
Tibetan:
  • དབུགས་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­74
g.­37

Bṛhatphala

Wylie:
  • ’bras bu che
Tibetan:
  • འབྲས་བུ་ཆེ།
Sanskrit:
  • bṛhatphala

A divine king in the Heaven of Great Fruition.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­38

Candraketu

Wylie:
  • zla ba’i tog
Tibetan:
  • ཟླ་བའི་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • candraketu

An epithet of Rāhu.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­18
g.­39

Candra­prabha

Wylie:
  • zla ’od
Tibetan:
  • ཟླ་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • candra­prabha

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­40

Candrasūrya

Wylie:
  • nyi zla
Tibetan:
  • ཉི་ཟླ།
Sanskrit:
  • candrasūrya

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­98
g.­41

Cloud King

Wylie:
  • sprin gyi rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­43
g.­42

Cloud King

Wylie:
  • sprin gyi rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­43

Cloudy

Wylie:
  • sprin dang ldan pa
Tibetan:
  • སྤྲིན་དང་ལྡན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • meghavatī

The realm of the Buddha Cloud King.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­44

Combining Special Features

Wylie:
  • khyad par bsdus pa
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱད་པར་བསྡུས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Nārāyaṇa.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­45

Constellation of Unique Attributes

Wylie:
  • khyad par gyi yon tan bkod pa bsdus pa
Tibetan:
  • ཁྱད་པར་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་བཀོད་པ་བསྡུས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Divine King of Brahmā’s Splendor

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­1
g.­46

correct abandonments

Wylie:
  • yang dag par spong ba
Tibetan:
  • ཡང་དག་པར་སྤོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • samyakprahāṇa

Relinquishing negative acts in the present and the future and enhancing positive acts in the present and the future.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­3
  • 3.­44
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­72
g.­47

correct discriminations

Wylie:
  • so so yang dag par rig pa
Tibetan:
  • སོ་སོ་ཡང་དག་པར་རིག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • pratisaṃvid

See “four correct discriminations.”

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­65
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­44
g.­48

Crest of Light

Wylie:
  • ’od kyi tog
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཀྱི་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­49

Crest of the Wisdom Banner

Wylie:
  • ye shes rgyal mtshan tog
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­4
g.­50

Deer Park

Wylie:
  • ri dags kyi nags
Tibetan:
  • རི་དགས་ཀྱི་ནགས།
Sanskrit:
  • mṛgadāva

The park in which the Buddha first turned the wheel of Dharma.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­72
  • g.­258
g.­51

Defeater of Māra

Wylie:
  • bdud ’joms
Tibetan:
  • བདུད་འཇོམས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­14
g.­52

defilement

Wylie:
  • zag pa
Tibetan:
  • ཟག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • āsrava

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally, “to flow” or “to ooze.” Mental defilements or contaminations that “flow out” toward the objects of cyclic existence, binding us to them. Vasubandhu offers two alternative explanations of this term: “They cause beings to remain (āsayanti) within saṃsāra” and “They flow from the Summit of Existence down to the Avīci hell, out of the six wounds that are the sense fields” (Abhidharma­kośa­bhāṣya 5.40; Pradhan 1967, p. 308). The Summit of Existence (bhavāgra, srid pa’i rtse mo) is the highest point within saṃsāra, while the hell called Avīci (mnar med) is the lowest; the six sense fields (āyatana, skye mched) here refer to the five sense faculties plus the mind, i.e., the six internal sense fields.

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­51-53
  • 1.­57
  • 1.­67
  • 1.­71
  • 4.­7
  • 9.­9
  • g.­8
  • g.­125
  • g.­308
  • g.­314
g.­53

dependent origination

Wylie:
  • rten cing ’brel par ’byung ba
Tibetan:
  • རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་པར་འབྱུང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • pratītya­samutpāda

The central Buddhist doctrine that relative phenomena arise as a result of causes and conditions.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­34
  • 1.­49-50
  • 1.­67
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­12
  • 4.­23
g.­54

dhāraṇī

Wylie:
  • gzungs
Tibetan:
  • གཟུངས།
Sanskrit:
  • dhāraṇī

An incantation, spell, or mnemonic formula that distils essential points of the Dharma and is used by practitioners to attain mundane and supramundane goals. It also has the sense of “retention,” referring to the special capacity of practitioners to memorize and recall detailed teachings.

Located in 66 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • 1.­2
  • 3.­8-27
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­37-38
  • 3.­41-43
  • 3.­45-46
  • 4.­5-10
  • 4.­12-26
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­30-31
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­37
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­47
  • 4.­50-53
  • 5.­2
  • 7.­22
g.­55

Dharmarāja

Wylie:
  • chos kyi rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • dharmarāja

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­56

Difficult to Bear

Wylie:
  • bzod dka’
Tibetan:
  • བཟོད་དཀའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­169
g.­57

Displaying All Colors

Wylie:
  • kha dog thams cad ston pa
Tibetan:
  • ཁ་དོག་ཐམས་ཅད་སྟོན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­5
g.­58

Divine Birth

Wylie:
  • lhas btsa’
Tibetan:
  • ལྷས་བཙའ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Nāga King Sāgara in a previous life as a universal monarch in the world to the east called Pure View.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­42
  • 8.­45
  • 8.­51
g.­59

Divine King of Brahmā’s Splendor

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa’i dpal lha’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པའི་དཔལ་ལྷའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­1-4
  • 4.­8
  • g.­45
  • g.­225
g.­60

Druma

Wylie:
  • ljon pa
Tibetan:
  • ལྗོན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • druma

The kinnara king Druma is a well-known figure in canonical Buddhist literature, where he frequently appears, mostly in minor roles. For example, King Druma appears in The White Lotus of the Good Dharma (Toh 113), where he is one of the four kinnara kings attending the Buddha’s teaching. He is also included in The King of Samādhis Sūtra (Toh 127), where he arrives with his queens to make an offering of his music to the Buddha. He is also a bodhisattva who teaches and displays a profound understanding of the doctrine of emptiness in The Questions of the Kinnara King Druma (Toh 157), where his future awakening is also prophesied by the Buddha.

(His name has been translated into Tibetan both as “sdong po” and “ljon pa.”)

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­61

Drumbeat

Wylie:
  • rnga sgra
Tibetan:
  • རྔ་སྒྲ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­62

eight aspects of the path

Wylie:
  • lam yan lag brgyad pa
Tibetan:
  • ལམ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • aṣṭāṅgamārga

See “eightfold path of the noble ones.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­39
g.­63

eight unfavorable conditions

Wylie:
  • mi khom pa brgyad
Tibetan:
  • མི་ཁོམ་པ་བརྒྱད།
Sanskrit:
  • aṣṭākṣaṇa

The eight unfavorable conditions for Buddhist practice comprise birth as a hell being, preta, animal, god, barbarian, or a human with wrong views, in a place where there is no buddha, or as a human with impaired faculties.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­20
g.­64

eight worldly concerns

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten gyi chos brgyad
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཆོས་བརྒྱད།
Sanskrit:
  • aṣṭalokadharma

Hoping for happiness, fame, praise, and gain; and fearing suffering, insignificance, blame, and loss.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­39
g.­65

eighteen unshared qualities

Wylie:
  • ma ’dres pa bcwa brgyad
Tibetan:
  • མ་འདྲེས་པ་བཅྭ་བརྒྱད།
Sanskrit:
  • aṣṭādaśāveṇika

Eighteen special features of a buddha’s physical state, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by ordinary beings.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­38
g.­66

eightfold path of the noble ones

Wylie:
  • ’phags pa’i lam yan lag brgyad
Tibetan:
  • འཕགས་པའི་ལམ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད།
Sanskrit:
  • āryāṣṭāṅgamārga

The path leading to the accomplishment of a worthy one, consisting of correct (1) view, (2) intention, (3) speech, (4) action, (5) livelihood, (6) effort, (7) mindfulness, and (8) absorption.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­39
  • g.­62
g.­67

eighty minor marks

Wylie:
  • dpe byad bzang po brgyad cu
Tibetan:
  • དཔེ་བྱད་བཟང་པོ་བརྒྱད་ཅུ།
Sanskrit:
  • aśītyanuvyañjana

Eighty of the hundred and twelve identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, in addition to the so-called “thirty-two marks of a great being.” They are considered “minor” in terms of being secondary to the thirty-two marks.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­38
  • g.­312
g.­68

element

Wylie:
  • khams
Tibetan:
  • ཁམས།
Sanskrit:
  • dhātu

Commonly designates the eighteen elements of sensory experience (the six sense faculties, their six respective objects, and the six sensory consciousnesses), although the term has a wide range of other meanings. Along with the aggregates and sense sources, it is one of the three major categories in the taxonomy of phenomena in the sūtra literature.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­5
  • 3.­3
  • 4.­23
  • 6.­45
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­24
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­19
  • g.­273
g.­69

Essential

Wylie:
  • snying po can
Tibetan:
  • སྙིང་པོ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Heart of the Doctrine.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­70

Eternal Giver of Freedom from Fear

Wylie:
  • rtag tu rgyun mi ’chad par mi ’jigs pa sbyin pa
Tibetan:
  • རྟག་ཏུ་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པར་མི་འཇིགས་པ་སྦྱིན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­71

eternalism

Wylie:
  • rtag par lta ba
Tibetan:
  • རྟག་པར་ལྟ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • śāśvatadṛṣṭi

Eternalism is the view that clings to some eternal, truly existent essence called ‘self,’ based on the experience of a collection of, in fact, transitory phenomena.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­20
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­48-50
  • 4.­30
  • 6.­47
  • 8.­34
  • g.­279
g.­72

Excellent

Wylie:
  • legs pa
Tibetan:
  • ལེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Siddhārtha.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­44
g.­73

Excellent King

Wylie:
  • rgyal po bzang
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་པོ་བཟང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­23
g.­74

Excellent Mark

Wylie:
  • mtshan bzang
Tibetan:
  • མཚན་བཟང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­19
g.­75

Expressed

Wylie:
  • brjod bya
Tibetan:
  • བརྗོད་བྱ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­5
g.­76

factors of awakening

Wylie:
  • byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos
Tibetan:
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས།
Sanskrit:
  • bodhipakṣadharma

Thirty-seven practices that lead the practitioner to the awakened state: the four applications of mindfulness, the four correct abandonments, the four bases of miraculous absorption, the five faculties, the five powers, the eightfold path, and the seven branches of awakening.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­58
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­39
  • 6.­1
  • g.­22
g.­77

faculties

Wylie:
  • dbang po
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • indriya

Refers to the “five faculties” and, more generally, the sense faculties and other capacities of beings.

Located in 18 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­65
  • 1.­67
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­44
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­29
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­38
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­69
  • 9.­11
  • g.­52
  • g.­63
  • g.­68
  • g.­273
  • g.­308
g.­78

Fierce Strength

Wylie:
  • shugs drag
Tibetan:
  • ཤུགས་དྲག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­7
g.­79

Fine Eyes

Wylie:
  • spyan bzangs
Tibetan:
  • སྤྱན་བཟངས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­328
g.­80

five acts of immediate retribution

Wylie:
  • mtshams med pa lnga
Tibetan:
  • མཚམས་མེད་པ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcānantarya

Acts for which one will be reborn in hell immediately after death, without any intervening stages; they are killing a worthy one, killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, causing a schism in the monastic community, and maliciously drawing blood from a thus-gone one.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 7.­56-57
  • g.­5
g.­81

five aggregates

Wylie:
  • phung po lnga
Tibetan:
  • ཕུང་པོ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcaskandha

The five aggregates of form, sensation, ideation, formation, and consciousness. On the individual level, the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected. They are referred to as the “bases for appropriation” (Skt. upādāna) insofar as all conceptual grasping arises based on these aggregates.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­39
  • 1.­64
  • g.­9
g.­82

five excellent eyes

Wylie:
  • spyan lnga’i mig bzang po
Tibetan:
  • སྤྱན་ལྔའི་མིག་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The five kinds of eyes possessed by a thus-gone one: the eye of flesh, the divine eye, the eye of Dharma, the eye of insight, and the eye of a buddha.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­39
g.­83

five faculties

Wylie:
  • dbang po lnga
Tibetan:
  • དབང་པོ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcendriya

Faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and knowledge.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­39
  • 6.­72
  • g.­76
  • g.­77
  • g.­139
g.­84

five higher knowledges

Wylie:
  • mngon par shes pa lnga
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañcābhijñā

Five supernatural faculties that result from meditative concentration: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing the minds of others, recollecting past lives, and the ability to perform miracles.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­54
  • 2.­8
  • 3.­39
g.­85

five strengths

Wylie:
  • stobs lnga
Tibetan:
  • སྟོབས་ལྔ།
Sanskrit:
  • pañca­bala

Faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and knowledge.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­39
  • g.­288
g.­86

Fortunate Eon

Wylie:
  • skal pa bzang po
Tibetan:
  • སྐལ་པ་བཟང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhadrakalpa

The current time period, thus named because a thousand buddhas will manifest during this eon.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­3
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­8
  • 7.­80
  • 8.­25
  • g.­153
  • g.­160
g.­87

four abodes of Brahmā

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa’i gnas pa bzhi
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པའི་གནས་པ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturbrahmavihāra

The four qualities that are said to result in rebirth in the Brahmā World. They are limitless loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­39
  • g.­93
g.­88

four concentrations

Wylie:
  • bsam gtan bzhi
Tibetan:
  • བསམ་གཏན་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturdhyāna

The four progressive levels of concentration of the form realm that culminate in pure one-pointedness of mind, and are a requirement for cultivation of the five or six types of higher knowledges, and so on. These are part of the nine gradual attainments.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­2
g.­89

four correct abandonments

Wylie:
  • yang dag par spong ba bzhi
Tibetan:
  • ཡང་དག་པར་སྤོང་བ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • catuḥprahāṇa

Four types of effort consisting in abandoning existing negative mind states, abandoning the production of such states, giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and letting those states continue.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­39
  • g.­76
g.­90

four correct discriminations

Wylie:
  • so so yang dag par rig pa bzhi
  • so so yang dag rig bzhi
Tibetan:
  • སོ་སོ་ཡང་དག་པར་རིག་པ་བཞི།
  • སོ་སོ་ཡང་དག་རིག་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • catuḥpratisaṃvid

The four correct and unhindered discriminating knowledges of the doctrine of Dharma, of meaning, of language, and of brilliance or eloquence. These are the essential means by which the buddhas impart their teachings.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­58
  • 3.­7
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­47
  • g.­47
g.­91

four formless attainments

Wylie:
  • gzugs med pa’i snyoms par ’jug pa bzhi
Tibetan:
  • གཟུགས་མེད་པའི་སྙོམས་པར་འཇུག་པ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturārūpyasamāpatti

These comprise the attainments of (1) the sense field of infinite space, (2) the sense field of infinite consciousness, (3) the sense field of nothing-at-all, and (4) the sense field of neither perception nor non-perception.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­58
  • 3.­2
  • g.­26
g.­92

Four Great Kings

Wylie:
  • rgyal po chen po bzhi
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturmahārāja

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Four gods who live on the lower slopes (fourth level) of Mount Meru in the eponymous Heaven of the Four Great Kings (Cāturmahā­rājika, rgyal chen bzhi’i ris) and guard the four cardinal directions. Each is the leader of a nonhuman class of beings living in his realm. They are Dhṛtarāṣṭra, ruling the gandharvas in the east; Virūḍhaka, ruling over the kumbhāṇḍas in the south; Virūpākṣa, ruling the nāgas in the west; and Vaiśravaṇa (also known as Kubera) ruling the yakṣas in the north. Also referred to as Guardians of the World or World Protectors (lokapāla, ’jig rten skyong ba).

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­162
  • g.­337
  • g.­351
g.­93

four immeasurables

Wylie:
  • tshad med bzhi
Tibetan:
  • ཚད་མེད་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturpramāṇa

These are four attitudes and qualities to be cultivated, namely: (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) empathetic joy, and (4) equanimity. Also known as the four abodes of Brahmā.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­2
g.­94

four noble truths

Wylie:
  • ’phags pa’i bden pa bzhi
Tibetan:
  • འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturāryasatya

The first teaching of the Buddha, covering suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path to the cessation of suffering.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­39
g.­95

four rivers

Wylie:
  • chu bo bzhi
Tibetan:
  • ཆུ་བོ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Birth, aging, sickness, and death.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­38
  • 6.­12
g.­96

fourfold fearlessness

Wylie:
  • mi ’jigs pa bzhi
Tibetan:
  • མི་འཇིགས་པ་བཞི།
Sanskrit:
  • caturvaiśāradya
  • caturabhaya

Fearlessness in declaring that one has (1) awakened, (2) ceased all illusions, (3) taught the obstacles to awakening, and (4) shown the way to liberation.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­38
  • 4.­13
  • 6.­73
g.­97

Free from Misery

Wylie:
  • mya ngan dang bral ba
Tibetan:
  • མྱ་ངན་དང་བྲལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­350
g.­98

Fully Illuminating

Wylie:
  • rnam par snang byed
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་སྣང་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Candrasūrya.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­99

Gandhahastin

Wylie:
  • spos kyi glang po
Tibetan:
  • སྤོས་ཀྱི་གླང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • gandhahastin

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­100

gandharva

Wylie:
  • dri za
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་ཟ།
Sanskrit:
  • gandharva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of generally benevolent nonhuman beings who inhabit the skies, sometimes said to inhabit fantastic cities in the clouds, and more specifically to dwell on the eastern slopes of Mount Meru, where they are ruled by the Great King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. They are most renowned as celestial musicians who serve the gods. In the Abhidharma, the term is also used to refer to the mental body assumed by sentient beings during the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Gandharvas are said to live on fragrances (gandha) in the desire realm, hence the Tibetan translation dri za, meaning “scent eater.”

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­71
  • 4.­10
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­47
  • 7.­67
  • 8.­31
  • 8.­40
  • 10.­44
  • g.­92
  • g.­186
g.­101

garuḍa

Wylie:
  • mkha’ lding
Tibetan:
  • མཁའ་ལྡིང་།
Sanskrit:
  • garuḍa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Indian mythology, the garuḍa is an eagle-like bird that is regarded as the king of all birds, normally depicted with a sharp, owl-like beak, often holding a snake, and with large and powerful wings. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth. Garuḍa can also be used as a proper name for a king of such creatures.

Located in 23 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­3
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­71
  • 4.­10
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­47
  • 7.­74-75
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­4-6
  • 8.­31
  • g.­181
  • g.­209
  • g.­297
  • g.­301
g.­102

gateways of liberation

Wylie:
  • rnam par thar pa’i sgo
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པའི་སྒོ།
Sanskrit:
  • vimokṣamukha

See “three gateways of liberation.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­34
g.­103

Giant Incense Elephant

Wylie:
  • glang chen spos kyi glang po
Tibetan:
  • གླང་ཆེན་སྤོས་ཀྱི་གླང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­104

Glorious Splendor

Wylie:
  • dpal gyi gzi brjid
Tibetan:
  • དཔལ་གྱི་གཟི་བརྗིད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Nāga King Sāgara’s son.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­10-12
  • 5.­22-23
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­36
  • 6.­6
  • 10.­44
  • g.­18
g.­105

god

Wylie:
  • lha
Tibetan:
  • ལྷ།
Sanskrit:
  • deva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In the most general sense the devas‍—the term is cognate with the English divine‍—are a class of celestial beings who frequently appear in Buddhist texts, often at the head of the assemblies of nonhuman beings who attend and celebrate the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas and bodhisattvas. In Buddhist cosmology the devas occupy the highest of the five or six “destinies” (gati) of saṃsāra among which beings take rebirth. The devas reside in the devalokas, “heavens” that traditionally number between twenty-six and twenty-eight and are divided between the desire realm (kāmadhātu), form realm (rūpadhātu), and formless realm (ārūpyadhātu). A being attains rebirth among the devas either through meritorious deeds (in the desire realm) or the attainment of subtle meditative states (in the form and formless realms). While rebirth among the devas is considered favorable, it is ultimately a transitory state from which beings will fall when the conditions that lead to rebirth there are exhausted. Thus, rebirth in the god realms is regarded as a diversion from the spiritual path.

Located in 95 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­3
  • i.­6
  • 1.­4-5
  • 1.­12-13
  • 1.­36
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­71-73
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­20
  • 3.­41
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­13
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­20-21
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­25
  • 5.­27
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­12
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­25-26
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­40
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­46-47
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­56-57
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­24
  • 7.­67
  • 7.­70
  • 7.­72
  • 7.­74
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­18
  • 8.­27
  • 8.­30-31
  • 8.­42
  • 8.­49
  • 8.­52-54
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­17-18
  • 9.­34
  • 9.­52
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­19-24
  • 10.­30
  • 10.­37
  • 10.­41
  • 10.­44
  • g.­1
  • g.­32
  • g.­33
  • g.­63
  • g.­73
  • g.­74
  • g.­122
  • g.­123
  • g.­155
  • g.­165
  • g.­213
  • g.­215
  • g.­263
  • g.­284
  • g.­290
  • g.­291
  • g.­317
g.­106

Gone to Accomplishment

Wylie:
  • grub par gshegs pa
Tibetan:
  • གྲུབ་པར་གཤེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­217
g.­107

Great Brahmā

Wylie:
  • tshangs chen
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • mahābrahma

The third heaven of the form realm, it is the highest of the three realms of the first dhyāna heaven. 

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­108

Great Breath

Wylie:
  • dbugs can chen po
Tibetan:
  • དབུགས་ཅན་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­74
g.­109

great trichiliocosm

Wylie:
  • stong gsum gyi stong chen po’i ’jig rten gyi khams
Tibetan:
  • སྟོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྟོང་ཆེན་པོའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས།
Sanskrit:
  • trisāhasra­mahā­sāhasra­loka­dhātu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvi­sāhasra­mahā­sāhasra­lokadhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems, each with its own Mount Sumeru, continents, sun and moon, etc.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­71
  • 2.­18
  • 6.­22
  • 7.­76
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­33
  • 8.­39
  • 10.­41
g.­110

Great Vehicle

Wylie:
  • theg pa chen po
Tibetan:
  • ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāyāna

When the Buddhist teachings are classified according to their power to lead beings to an awakened state, a distinction is made between the teachings of the Lesser Vehicle, which emphasizes the individual’s own freedom from cyclic existence as the primary motivation and goal, and those of the Great Vehicle, which emphasizes altruism and has the liberation of all sentient beings as the principal objective. As the term “Great Vehicle” implies, the path followed by bodhisattvas is analogous to a large carriage that can transport a vast number of people to liberation, as compared to a smaller vehicle for the individual practitioner. See also “Lesser Vehicle.”

Located in 13 passages in the translation:

  • i.­4
  • 1.­73
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­39
  • 4.­1-2
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­8
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­80
  • 10.­45
  • g.­119
  • g.­163
g.­111

Grounded in Intelligence

Wylie:
  • blo gros rab gnas
Tibetan:
  • བློ་གྲོས་རབ་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­112

guhyaka

Wylie:
  • gsang ba pa
Tibetan:
  • གསང་བ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • guhyaka

Another term for the yakṣa subjects of Vaiśravaṇa.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­35
g.­113

hearer

Wylie:
  • nyan thos
Tibetan:
  • ཉན་ཐོས།
Sanskrit:
  • śrāvaka

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The Sanskrit term śrāvaka, and the Tibetan nyan thos, both derived from the verb “to hear,” are usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.” Primarily this refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat seeking their own liberation and nirvāṇa. They are the practitioners of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma on the four noble truths, who realize the suffering inherent in saṃsāra and focus on understanding that there is no independent self. By conquering afflicted mental states (kleśa), they liberate themselves, attaining first the stage of stream enterers at the path of seeing, followed by the stage of once-returners who will be reborn only one more time, and then the stage of non-returners who will no longer be reborn into the desire realm. The final goal is to become an arhat. These four stages are also known as the “four results of spiritual practice.”

Located in 24 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­33
  • 1.­54-55
  • 1.­57
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­64
  • 2.­8
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­18
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­7
  • 5.­23-24
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­49
  • 7.­35
  • 7.­49
  • 8.­40
  • g.­163
  • g.­216
  • g.­287
  • g.­319
  • g.­352
g.­114

Heart of Joy

Wylie:
  • dga’ ba’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Ratnaśrī.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­115

Heart of the Doctrine

Wylie:
  • bstan pa’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • བསྟན་པའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­69
g.­116

Heaven Free from Strife

Wylie:
  • ’thab bral
Tibetan:
  • འཐབ་བྲལ།
Sanskrit:
  • yāma

The third of the six heavens of the desire realm.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 5.­23
  • g.­305
g.­117

Heaven of Delighting in Emanations

Wylie:
  • ’phrul dga’
Tibetan:
  • འཕྲུལ་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • nirmāṇarati

The fifth of the six heavens of the desire realm. Its inhabitants magically create the objects of their own enjoyment. 

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­295
g.­118

Heaven of Great Fruition

Wylie:
  • ’bras bu che
Tibetan:
  • འབྲས་བུ་ཆེ།
Sanskrit:
  • bṛhatphala

Twelfth heaven of the form realm, it is the third of the three heavens that make up the fourth dhyāna heaven in the form realm. 

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­37
g.­119

Heaven of Joy

Wylie:
  • dga’ ldan gyi gnas
  • dga’ ldan
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་ལྡན་གྱི་གནས།
  • དགའ་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • tuṣita

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Tuṣita (or sometimes Saṃtuṣita), literally “Joyous” or “Contented,” is one of the six heavens of the desire realm (kāmadhātu). In standard classifications, such as the one in the Abhidharmakośa, it is ranked as the fourth of the six counting from below. This god realm is where all future buddhas are said to dwell before taking on their final rebirth prior to awakening. There, the Buddha Śākyamuni lived his preceding life as the bodhisattva Śvetaketu. When departing to take birth in this world, he appointed the bodhisattva Maitreya, who will be the next buddha of this eon, as his Dharma regent in Tuṣita. For an account of the Buddha’s previous life in Tuṣita, see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 2.12, and for an account of Maitreya’s birth in Tuṣita and a description of this realm, see The Sūtra on Maitreya’s Birth in the Heaven of Joy, (Toh 199).

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 4.­1
  • 7.­21
  • g.­266
g.­120

Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations

Wylie:
  • gzhan ’phrul dbang byed pa
Tibetan:
  • གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • paranirmitavaśavartin

The highest of the six heavens of the desire realm, its inhabitants enjoy objects created by others.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 8.­40
  • 8.­53
  • g.­341
g.­121

Heaven of Perfected Virtue

Wylie:
  • dge rgyas
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་རྒྱས།
Sanskrit:
  • śubhakṛtsna

Ninth heaven of the form realm, it is the third of the three heavens that make up the third dhyāna heaven in the form realm. 

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­290
g.­122

Heaven of the Thirty-Three

Wylie:
  • sum cu rtsa gsum
Tibetan:
  • སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • trāyastriṃśa

The second heaven of the desire realm, it is found at the top of Mount Meru and is the abode of Śakra and the thirty-three gods.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 6.­21
  • 7.­70
  • 7.­72
  • g.­336
g.­123

High Minded

Wylie:
  • legs par sems
Tibetan:
  • ལེགས་པར་སེམས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­24
g.­124

High Priests of the Brahmā Realm

Wylie:
  • tshangs pa’i mdun na ’don
Tibetan:
  • ཚངས་པའི་མདུན་ན་འདོན།
Sanskrit:
  • brahmapurohita

The second of the three heavens that are the heavens of the first dhyāna in the form realm.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­125

higher knowledge

Wylie:
  • mngon par shes pa
  • mngon shes
Tibetan:
  • མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ།
  • མངོན་ཤེས།
Sanskrit:
  • abhijñā

A category of extrasensory perception gained through spiritual practice, in the Buddhist presentation consisting of five types: miraculous abilities, divine eye, divine ear, knowledge of others’ minds, and recollection of past lives. A sixth, knowing that all defilements have been eliminated, is often added.

Located in 17 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­51
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­56-58
  • 1.­67
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­39
  • 4.­5
  • 6.­60
  • 8.­53-54
  • g.­88
g.­126

Highest Heaven

Wylie:
  • ’og min
Tibetan:
  • འོག་མིན།
Sanskrit:
  • akaniṣṭha

The highest of the seventeen heavens in the form realm, the highest of the five Śuddhāvāsa heavens.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­345
g.­127

Holder of the Precious Seal

Wylie:
  • lag na rin chen phyag rgya
Tibetan:
  • ལག་ན་རིན་ཆེན་ཕྱག་རྒྱ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­128

Illuminator

Wylie:
  • kun tu snang ba
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་སྣང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­167
g.­129

Immaculate

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­5
g.­130

Immaculate

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Immaculate Visage.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­131

Immaculate Hand

Wylie:
  • phyag dri ma med pa
Tibetan:
  • ཕྱག་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­327
g.­132

Immaculate Heart

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa’i snying po
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་སྙིང་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The world where the twelve thousand nāgas will reach buddhahood.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­3
g.­133

Immaculate Visage

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa’i zhal
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་ཞལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­130
g.­134

Impartial Gaze

Wylie:
  • mnyam par lta
Tibetan:
  • མཉམ་པར་ལྟ།
Sanskrit:
  • samadṛṣṭi

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­6
g.­135

Inexhaustible

Wylie:
  • mi zad pa dang ldan pa
Tibetan:
  • མི་ཟད་པ་དང་ལྡན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Jeweled Parasol.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­136

Inexhaustible Merit

Wylie:
  • bsod nams mi zad pa
Tibetan:
  • བསོད་ནམས་མི་ཟད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A universal monarch.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­2-4
  • 4.­7-8
  • g.­151
  • g.­235
  • g.­343
  • g.­344
g.­137

Inexpressible

Wylie:
  • brjod du med pa
Tibetan:
  • བརྗོད་དུ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­10
g.­138

Infinite Color

Wylie:
  • kha dog mtha’ yas
Tibetan:
  • ཁ་དོག་མཐའ་ཡས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­5
  • 7.­74
g.­139

insight

Wylie:
  • shes rab
Tibetan:
  • ཤེས་རབ།
Sanskrit:
  • prajña

The sixth of the six perfections, it refers to the profound understanding of the emptiness of all phenomena, the realization of ultimate reality. It is also one of the five faculties.

Located in 40 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­13
  • 1.­32
  • 1.­35
  • 1.­38
  • 1.­44
  • 1.­58
  • 1.­65
  • 2.­3-10
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­9
  • 3.­11
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­22
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­38
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­43
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­32
  • 5.­28
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­71
  • 7.­16
  • 8.­14
  • 8.­23
  • 9.­11
  • g.­219
  • g.­282
  • g.­308
g.­140

Inspiring Love for the Dharma

Wylie:
  • chos la dga’ ba bkod pa
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ལ་དགའ་བ་བཀོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­141

Irreproachable

Wylie:
  • smad du med pa
Tibetan:
  • སྨད་དུ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Protector of Glory.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­44
g.­142

Jambū river

Wylie:
  • ’dzam bu chu
Tibetan:
  • འཛམ་བུ་ཆུ།
Sanskrit:
  • jambu­nadī

Legendary river carrying the golden fruit fallen from the legendary jambu (“rose apple”) tree. This term is used as an adjective for the gold found in rivers.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­8
  • 8.­53
g.­143

Jambudvīpa

Wylie:
  • ’dzam bu’i gling
  • ’dzam bu gling
Tibetan:
  • འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་།
  • འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་།
Sanskrit:
  • jambudvīpa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can signify either the known human world, or more specifically the Indian subcontinent, literally “the jambu island/continent.” Jambu is the name used for a range of plum-like fruits from trees belonging to the genus Szygium, particularly Szygium jambos and Szygium cumini, and it has commonly been rendered “rose apple,” although “black plum” may be a less misleading term. Among various explanations given for the continent being so named, one (in the Abhidharmakośa) is that a jambu tree grows in its northern mountains beside Lake Anavatapta, mythically considered the source of the four great rivers of India, and that the continent is therefore named from the tree or the fruit. Jambudvīpa has the Vajrāsana at its center and is the only continent upon which buddhas attain awakening.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­20
  • 6.­21
  • 7.­30
  • 10.­32
g.­144

Jewel Peak

Wylie:
  • rin chen rtse mo
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་རྩེ་མོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­145

Jeweled Maṇḍala

Wylie:
  • rin chen dkyil ’khor can
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­146

Jeweled Palm Tree

Wylie:
  • rin chen ta la la
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་ཏ་ལ་ལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­147

Jeweled Parasol

Wylie:
  • rin chen gdugs
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་གདུགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­135
g.­148

Jeweled Staff Holder

Wylie:
  • rin chen khar ba can
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་ཁར་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­149

Jinamitra

Wylie:
  • dzi na mi tra
Tibetan:
  • ཛི་ན་མི་ཏྲ།
Sanskrit:
  • jinamitra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Jinamitra was invited to Tibet during the reign of King Tri Songdetsen (khri srong lde btsan, r. 742–98 ᴄᴇ) and was involved with the translation of nearly two hundred texts, continuing into the reign of King Ralpachen (ral pa can, r. 815–38 ᴄᴇ). He was one of the small group of paṇḍitas responsible for the Mahāvyutpatti Sanskrit–Tibetan dictionary.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8
  • c.­1
g.­150

Joyful

Wylie:
  • dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A magnolia forest.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­19
g.­151

Joyful Maiden

Wylie:
  • dga’ ldan ma
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་ལྡན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

One of King Inexhaustible Merit’s queens.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­2
g.­152

kalaviṅka

Wylie:
  • ka la ping ka
  • ka la bing+ka
Tibetan:
  • ཀ་ལ་པིང་ཀ
  • ཀ་ལ་བིངྐ།
Sanskrit:
  • kalaviṅka

An Indian bird renowned for its beautiful song. There is some uncertainty regarding the identity of the kalaviṅka, as some dictionaries declare it to be a type of Indian cuckoo (probably Eudynamys scolopacea, also known as the asian koel) or a red and green sparrow (possibly Amandava amandava, also known as the red avadavat). Within the Buddhist sūtras, the bird is usually linked to its pleasing or striking voice. In some cases, it has also taken on mythical characteristics, being described as part human, part bird.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­31
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­37
  • 8.­15
g.­153

Kanakamuni

Wylie:
  • gser thub
Tibetan:
  • གསེར་ཐུབ།
Sanskrit:
  • kanakamuni

The second buddha of the Fortunate Eon.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­5
  • 8.­5-7
  • g.­181
  • g.­209
  • g.­297
  • g.­301
g.­154

Kāśyapa

Wylie:
  • ’od srung
Tibetan:
  • འོད་སྲུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • kāśyapa

A previous buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­2
  • 5.­5
g.­155

Kauśika

Wylie:
  • kau shi ka
Tibetan:
  • ཀཽ་ཤི་ཀ
Sanskrit:
  • kauśika

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

“One who belongs to the Kuśika lineage.” An epithet of the god Śakra, also known as Indra, the king of the gods in the Trāyastriṃśa heaven. In the Ṛgveda, Indra is addressed by the epithet Kauśika, with the implication that he is associated with the descendants of the Kuśika lineage (gotra) as their aiding deity. In later epic and Purāṇic texts, we find the story that Indra took birth as Gādhi Kauśika, the son of Kuśika and one of the Vedic poet-seers, after the Puru king Kuśika had performed austerities for one thousand years to obtain a son equal to Indra who could not be killed by others. In the Pāli Kusajātaka (Jāt V 141–45), the Buddha, in one of his former bodhisattva lives as a Trāyastriṃśa god, takes birth as the future king Kusa upon the request of Indra, who wishes to help the childless king of the Mallas, Okkaka, and his chief queen Sīlavatī. This story is also referred to by Nāgasena in the Milindapañha.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 10.­31
  • 10.­33
  • 10.­35
g.­156

King of the Meru Lamp

Wylie:
  • lhun po mar me’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོ་མར་མེའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­157

King of the World

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten dbang phyug rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­228
g.­158

King Who Rules the Peak of Meru

Wylie:
  • lhun po’i rtse mo rdob pa’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་རྩེ་མོ་རྡོབ་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­159

kinnara

Wylie:
  • mi’am ci
Tibetan:
  • མིའམ་ཅི།
Sanskrit:
  • kinnara

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name‍—which means “is that human?”‍—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. Kinnaras are mythological beings found in both Buddhist and Brahmanical literature, where they are portrayed as creatures half human, half animal. They are often depicted as highly skilled celestial musicians.

Located in 13 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­71
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­31
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­47
  • 8.­31
  • g.­60
g.­160

Krakucchanda

Wylie:
  • ’khor ba ’jig
Tibetan:
  • འཁོར་བ་འཇིག
Sanskrit:
  • krakucchanda

The first buddha of the Fortunate Eon.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • i.­2
  • 5.­4-5
g.­161

kṣatriya

Wylie:
  • rgyal rigs
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་རིགས།
Sanskrit:
  • kṣatriya

One of the four castes of the Indian caste system. It traditionally consisted of rulers and administrators.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­3
  • 8.­37
g.­162

kumbhāṇḍa

Wylie:
  • grul bum
Tibetan:
  • གྲུལ་བུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • kumbhāṇḍa

A class of dwarf beings subordinate to Virūḍhaka, one of the Four Great Kings, associated with the southern direction. The name uses a play on the word āṇḍa, which means “egg” but is also a euphemism for a testicle. Thus, they are often depicted as having testicles as big as pots (from khumba, or “pot”).

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­35
  • g.­92
g.­163

Lesser Vehicle

Wylie:
  • theg pa dman pa
Tibetan:
  • ཐེག་པ་དམན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • hīnayāna

This is a collective term used by proponents of the Great Vehicle to refer to the hearer vehicle (śrāvakayāna) and solitary buddha vehicle (pratyeka­buddha­yāna). The name stems from their goal‍—i.e. nirvāṇa and personal liberation‍—being seen as small or lesser than the goal of the Great Vehicle‍—i.e. buddhahood and the liberation of all sentient beings. See also “Great Vehicle.”

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­34
  • 7.­11
  • g.­110
g.­164

level

Wylie:
  • sa
Tibetan:
  • ས།
Sanskrit:
  • bhūmi

The ten levels of a bodhisattva’s development into a fully enlightened buddha.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­39
g.­165

Liberator of Beings

Wylie:
  • sems can sgrol
Tibetan:
  • སེམས་ཅན་སྒྲོལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­21
g.­166

Light

Wylie:
  • ’od can
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­5
  • 7.­68
g.­167

Light

Wylie:
  • snang ba can
Tibetan:
  • སྣང་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Illuminator.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­168

Light

Wylie:
  • snang ba can
Tibetan:
  • སྣང་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm where Adorned with Various Jewels will become a buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 7.­68
  • g.­7
g.­169

Light Rays

Wylie:
  • ’od zer can
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཟེར་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Difficult to Bear.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­170

Light That Creates Language

Wylie:
  • tshig bkod pa’i ’od
Tibetan:
  • ཚིག་བཀོད་པའི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­171

limit of reality

Wylie:
  • yang dag pa’i mtha’
Tibetan:
  • ཡང་དག་པའི་མཐའ།
Sanskrit:
  • bhūtakoṭi

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

This term has three meanings: (1) the ultimate nature, (2) the experience of the ultimate nature, and (3) the quiescent state of a worthy one (arhat) to be avoided by bodhisattvas.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­8
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­23
  • 7.­63
  • 9.­8
g.­172

Lokāyata

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten rgyang phan pa
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་རྒྱང་ཕན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • lokāyata

An ancient Indian philosophical system that is based on adherence to materialism and atheistic skepticism.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­33
g.­173

Lord of Death

Wylie:
  • gshin rje
Tibetan:
  • གཤིན་རྗེ།
Sanskrit:
  • yāma

From Vedic times, the Lord of Death who directs the departed into the next realm of rebirth.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­2
g.­174

lower realms

Wylie:
  • ngan ’gro
Tibetan:
  • ངན་འགྲོ།
Sanskrit:
  • durgati

The realms of hell beings, pretas, and animals.

Located in 11 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­20
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­65
  • 1.­72
  • 3.­24
  • 4.­1
  • 5.­25
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­51
  • 8.­30
g.­175

Luminous Heaven

Wylie:
  • ’od gsal
Tibetan:
  • འོད་གསལ།
Sanskrit:
  • ābhāsvara

The sixth heaven of the form realm, it is the highest of the three heavens of the second dhyāna.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­1
g.­176

Luminous Maiden

Wylie:
  • ’od ldan ma
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ལྡན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A goddess of the ocean.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­11
  • 8.­22-26
g.­177

Mahādīpaṃkara

Wylie:
  • mar me mdzad chen po
Tibetan:
  • མར་མེ་མཛད་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahādīpaṃkara

One of the most renowned of former Buddhas.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 2.­17
g.­178

Mahākāśyapa

Wylie:
  • ’od srung chen po
Tibetan:
  • འོད་སྲུང་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahākāśyapa

One of the principal students of the Buddha.

Located in 13 passages in the translation:

  • i.­5
  • 7.­32-34
  • 7.­36
  • 7.­38
  • 7.­40
  • 7.­48
  • 7.­51
  • 7.­57
  • 7.­59-60
  • 7.­63
g.­179

Mahāmaudgalyāyana

Wylie:
  • maud gal gyi bu chen po
Tibetan:
  • མཽད་གལ་གྱི་བུ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāmaudgalyāyana

One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his miraculous abilities. Also called Maudgalyāyana.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­7-8
  • g.­193
g.­180

Mahāmeru

Wylie:
  • lhun po chen po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāmeru

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­181

Mahānanda

Wylie:
  • dga’ byed chen po
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བྱེད་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahānanda

The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­5
g.­182

Mahāsthāmaprāpta

Wylie:
  • mthu chen thob
Tibetan:
  • མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahāsthāmaprāpta

Along with Avalokiteśvara, he is one of the two main bodhisattvas in the realm of Sukhāvatī.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­338
g.­183

Maheśvara

Wylie:
  • dbang phyug chen po
Tibetan:
  • དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • maheśvara

A divine king of the Pure Land.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­184

mahoraga

Wylie:
  • lto ’phye chen po
Tibetan:
  • ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • mahoraga

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally “great serpents,” mahoragas are supernatural beings depicted as large, subterranean beings with human torsos and heads and the lower bodies of serpents. Their movements are said to cause earthquakes, and they make up a class of subterranean geomantic spirits whose movement through the seasons and months of the year is deemed significant for construction projects.

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­71
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­47
  • 8.­31
g.­185

Maitreya

Wylie:
  • byams pa
Tibetan:
  • བྱམས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • maitreya

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The bodhisattva Maitreya is an important figure in many Buddhist traditions, where he is unanimously regarded as the buddha of the future era. He is said to currently reside in the heaven of Tuṣita, as Śākyamuni’s regent, where he awaits the proper time to take his final rebirth and become the fifth buddha in the Fortunate Eon, reestablishing the Dharma in this world after the teachings of the current buddha have disappeared. Within the Mahāyāna sūtras, Maitreya is elevated to the same status as other central bodhisattvas such as Mañjuśrī and Avalokiteśvara, and his name appears frequently in sūtras, either as the Buddha’s interlocutor or as a teacher of the Dharma. Maitreya literally means “Loving One.” He is also known as Ajita, meaning “Invincible.”

For more information on Maitreya, see, for example, the introduction to Maitreya’s Setting Out (Toh 198).

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­3
  • 8.­8
g.­186

Mālādhara

Wylie:
  • phreng thogs
Tibetan:
  • ཕྲེང་ཐོགས།
Sanskrit:
  • mālādhara

A gandharva king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­187

Mañjuśrī

Wylie:
  • ’jam dpal
Tibetan:
  • འཇམ་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • mañjuśrī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Mañjuśrī is one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha” and a bodhisattva who embodies wisdom. He is a major figure in the Mahāyāna sūtras, appearing often as an interlocutor of the Buddha. In his most well-known iconographic form, he is portrayed bearing the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā­pāramitā­sūtra in his left. To his name, Mañjuśrī, meaning “Gentle and Glorious One,” is often added the epithet Kumārabhūta, “having a youthful form.” He is also called Mañjughoṣa, Mañjusvara, and Pañcaśikha.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­188

māra

Wylie:
  • bdud
Tibetan:
  • བདུད།
Sanskrit:
  • māra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Māra, literally “death” or “maker of death,” is the name of the deva who tried to prevent the Buddha from achieving awakening, the name given to the class of beings he leads, and also an impersonal term for the destructive forces that keep beings imprisoned in saṃsāra:

(1) As a deva, Māra is said to be the principal deity in the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations (paranirmitavaśavartin), the highest paradise in the desire realm. He famously attempted to prevent the Buddha’s awakening under the Bodhi tree‍—see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 21.1‍—and later sought many times to thwart the Buddha’s activity. In the sūtras, he often also creates obstacles to the progress of śrāvakas and bodhisattvas. (2) The devas ruled over by Māra are collectively called mārakāyika or mārakāyikadevatā, the “deities of Māra’s family or class.” In general, these māras too do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra, but can also change their ways and even end up developing faith in the Buddha, as exemplified by Sārthavāha; see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 21.14 and 21.43. (3) The term māra can also be understood as personifying four defects that prevent awakening, called (i) the divine māra (devaputra­māra), which is the distraction of pleasures; (ii) the māra of Death (mṛtyumāra), which is having one’s life interrupted; (iii) the māra of the aggregates (skandhamāra), which is identifying with the five aggregates; and (iv) the māra of the afflictions (kleśamāra), which is being under the sway of the negative emotions of desire, hatred, and ignorance.

Located in 24 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­64
  • 2.­16
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­38
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­34
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­71
  • 7.­27
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­54
  • 9.­11
  • 9.­13
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­32-33
  • 10.­35
  • g.­189
  • g.­269
g.­189

māra god

Wylie:
  • bdud kyi ris kyi lha’i bu
Tibetan:
  • བདུད་ཀྱི་རིས་ཀྱི་ལྷའི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • mārakāyikadevaputra

The “divine sons,” members of the māra type of nonhuman being, but in this case without a negative or harmful character. See also Sārthavāha.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­190

Mārapramardaka

Wylie:
  • bdud rab tu ’joms pa
Tibetan:
  • བདུད་རབ་ཏུ་འཇོམས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­191

mark

Wylie:
  • mtshan ma
Tibetan:
  • མཚན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • nimitta

Can refer both to a physical mark or trait and to the data of perception.

Located in 27 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­34
  • 1.­50
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­58
  • 1.­65
  • 2.­10
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­19
  • 3.­2-3
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­17
  • 4.­26
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­71
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­27
  • 7.­63
  • 8.­13
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­53
  • 9.­7
  • 9.­28
  • 10.­11
  • g.­315
  • g.­316
g.­192

Mastery over All Phenomena

Wylie:
  • chos thams cad la dbang byed pa
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་དབང་བྱེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­193

Maudgalyāyana

Wylie:
  • maud gal gyi bu
Tibetan:
  • མཽད་གལ་གྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • maudgalyāyana

One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his miraculous abilities; also called Mahāmaudgalyāyana.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­8
  • g.­179
g.­194

Meaningful Subjugator

Wylie:
  • rnam par gnon pa don yod
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པ་དོན་ཡོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­195

means of attracting disciples

Wylie:
  • bsdu ba’i dngos po
Tibetan:
  • བསྡུ་བའི་དངོས་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • saṃgrahavastu

Generosity, kind talk, meaningful actions, and practicing what one preaches.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­34
  • 6.­72
  • 8.­53
g.­196

Meru

Wylie:
  • lhun po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • meru

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­197

Merudhvaja

Wylie:
  • lhun po’i rgyal mtshan
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
Sanskrit:
  • merudhvaja

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­198

Merukūṭa

Wylie:
  • lhun po brtsegs pa
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོ་བརྩེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • merukūṭa

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­199

Merurāja

Wylie:
  • lhun po’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • merurāja

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­200

modesty

Wylie:
  • khrel yod
Tibetan:
  • ཁྲེལ་ཡོད།
Sanskrit:
  • trapā
  • hrī
  • lajjā

A mental state that induces one to avoid immoral behavior out of concern for what others will think or say about oneself if one misbehaves.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­36
  • 3.­39
g.­201

moral shame

Wylie:
  • ngo tsha
Tibetan:
  • ངོ་ཚ།
Sanskrit:
  • hrī
  • lajjā

A sense of shame that prevents one from carrying out immoral actions.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­39
g.­202

Mount Meru

Wylie:
  • ri rab
Tibetan:
  • རི་རབ།
Sanskrit:
  • meru

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

According to ancient Buddhist cosmology, this is the great mountain forming the axis of the universe. At its summit is Sudarśana, home of Śakra and his thirty-two gods, and on its flanks live the asuras. The mount has four sides facing the cardinal directions, each of which is made of a different precious stone. Surrounding it are several mountain ranges and the great ocean where the four principal island continents lie: in the south, Jambudvīpa (our world); in the west, Godānīya; in the north, Uttarakuru; and in the east, Pūrvavideha. Above it are the abodes of the desire realm gods. It is variously referred to as Meru, Mount Meru, Sumeru, and Mount Sumeru.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­5
  • 3.­41
  • 5.­32
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­9
  • 8.­17
  • g.­122
g.­203

Moves with the Unmoving Stride

Wylie:
  • mi g.yos ba stabs kyis ’gro ba
Tibetan:
  • མི་གཡོས་བ་སྟབས་ཀྱིས་འགྲོ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­13
g.­204

Moves with the Vajra Stride

Wylie:
  • rdo rje’i stabs kyis ’gro ba
Tibetan:
  • རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྟབས་ཀྱིས་འགྲོ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­15
g.­205

nāga

Wylie:
  • klu
Tibetan:
  • ཀླུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nāga

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings who live in subterranean aquatic environments, where they guard wealth and sometimes also teachings. Nāgas are associated with serpents and have a snakelike appearance. In Buddhist art and in written accounts, they are regularly portrayed as half human and half snake, and they are also said to have the ability to change into human form. Some nāgas are Dharma protectors, but they can also bring retribution if they are disturbed. They may likewise fight one another, wage war, and destroy the lands of others by causing lightning, hail, and flooding.

Located in 254 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1-5
  • i.­7
  • i.­9
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­8-9
  • 1.­18-37
  • 1.­40-56
  • 1.­58-71
  • 2.­1-5
  • 2.­10-11
  • 2.­13-20
  • 3.­1-27
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­37-38
  • 3.­41-43
  • 3.­45-46
  • 4.­1-3
  • 4.­8-10
  • 4.­12-18
  • 4.­23-26
  • 4.­53
  • 5.­1-2
  • 5.­4-12
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­22
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­36
  • 6.­1-2
  • 6.­4-8
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­20-24
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­44-49
  • 6.­51-61
  • 6.­71
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1-4
  • 7.­25-32
  • 7.­67
  • 7.­69
  • 7.­74-81
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­31-37
  • 8.­40-41
  • 8.­51-52
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­3-6
  • 9.­8-9
  • 9.­12
  • 10.­41
  • 10.­44-45
  • n.­16
  • g.­7
  • g.­21
  • g.­23
  • g.­36
  • g.­57
  • g.­58
  • g.­75
  • g.­78
  • g.­92
  • g.­101
  • g.­104
  • g.­108
  • g.­129
  • g.­132
  • g.­138
  • g.­166
  • g.­208
  • g.­221
  • g.­227
  • g.­230
  • g.­259
  • g.­306
  • g.­332
  • g.­338
  • g.­340
g.­206

Nameless

Wylie:
  • ming med pa
Tibetan:
  • མིང་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­11
g.­207

Nanda

Wylie:
  • dga’ byed
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • nanda

The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­208

Nanda

Wylie:
  • dga’ bo
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བོ།
Sanskrit:
  • nanda

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­7
g.­209

Nanda

Wylie:
  • dga’ byed
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • nanda

The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­5
g.­210

Nārāyaṇa

Wylie:
  • sred med kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • nārāyaṇa

In this sūtra, a buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­44
g.­211

nihilism

Wylie:
  • chad par lta ba
Tibetan:
  • ཆད་པར་ལྟ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • ucchedadṛṣṭi

The second of two extreme views that keep one deluded with regard to reality. Nihilism is a view equally based on clinging to a truly existent essence called 'self.' It is the belief that once this self ends with death, everything associated with it ends. It therefore rejects rebirth and the law of karma, or cause and effect.

Located in 8 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­20
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­49-50
  • 4.­30
  • 6.­47
  • 8.­34
g.­212

No View

Wylie:
  • lta ba med
Tibetan:
  • ལྟ་བ་མེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­7
g.­213

Noble Merit

Wylie:
  • bsod nams ’phags
Tibetan:
  • བསོད་ནམས་འཕགས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­37
g.­214

non-returner

Wylie:
  • phyir mi ’ong ba
Tibetan:
  • ཕྱིར་མི་འོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • anāgāmin

A being who is free from further rebirth in saṃsāra.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­24
g.­215

Omnipotent

Wylie:
  • dbang byed
Tibetan:
  • དབང་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­22
g.­216

once-returner

Wylie:
  • lan cig phyir ’ong ba
Tibetan:
  • ལན་ཅིག་ཕྱིར་འོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • sakṛdāgāmin

The second level of noble ones when practicing the path of the hearers (bound to be born again no more than once).

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­24
g.­217

Peace

Wylie:
  • zhi ba
Tibetan:
  • ཞི་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Gone to Accomplishment.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­218

Pearl Garland

Wylie:
  • mu tig phreng
Tibetan:
  • མུ་ཏིག་ཕྲེང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A lady.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­26
g.­219

perfection

Wylie:
  • pha rol tu phyin pa
Tibetan:
  • ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • pāramitā

This term is used to refer to the main trainings of a bodhisattva. Because these trainings, when brought to perfection, lead one to transcend saṃsāra and reach the full awakening of a buddha, they receive the Sanskrit name pāramitā, meaning “perfection” or “gone to the farther shore.” Most commonly listed as six: generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and insight. They are also often listed as ten by adding: skillful means, prayer, strength, and knowledge.

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­67
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­26
  • 3.­39-40
  • 3.­43
  • 8.­14
  • 8.­53
  • 9.­36
  • g.­139
g.­220

personalistic false views

Wylie:
  • ’jig tshogs la lta ba
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་ཚོགས་ལ་ལྟ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • satkāyadṛṣṭi

The Tibetan literally means “the view of the perishing collection,” referring to regarding the collection of aggregates that are momentary and transitory as a self.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­64
  • 6.­60
g.­221

Playful

Wylie:
  • rnam par rtse
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་རྩེ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­5
g.­222

pollution

Wylie:
  • kun nas nyon mongs pa
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ནས་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • saṃkleśa

The self-perpetuating process of affliction in the minds of beings.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­35
  • 1.­51-52
  • 2.­14
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­30
g.­223

powers

Wylie:
  • stobs
Tibetan:
  • སྟོབས།
Sanskrit:
  • bala

See “ten powers.”

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­21
g.­224

Prajñāvarman

Wylie:
  • pra dz+nyA barma
Tibetan:
  • པྲ་ཛྙཱ་བརྨ།
Sanskrit:
  • prajñāvarman

A Bengali paṇḍita resident in Tibet during the late eighth/early ninth centuries. Arriving in Tibet on an invitation from the Tibetan king, he assisted in the translation of numerous canonical scriptures. He is also the author of a few philosophical commentaries contained in the Tibetan Tengyur (bstan ’gyur) collection.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8
  • c.­1
g.­225

Presence of Joy

Wylie:
  • dga’ ’byung
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་འབྱུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The city where the Buddha Divine King of Brahmā’s Splendor was born.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­2
  • g.­304
g.­226

priest

Wylie:
  • bram ze
Tibetan:
  • བྲམ་ཟེ།
Sanskrit:
  • brāhmaṇa

A member of the Indian priestly caste, a brahmin.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­37
g.­227

Priyadarśana

Wylie:
  • mthong dga’
Tibetan:
  • མཐོང་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • priyadarśana

The son of the Nāga King Sāgara.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­31-32
g.­228

Priyadarśana

Wylie:
  • mthong na dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • མཐོང་ན་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • priyadarśana

The realm of the Buddha King of the World.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­229

Protector of Glory

Wylie:
  • dpal srung
Tibetan:
  • དཔལ་སྲུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­44
  • g.­141
g.­230

Pure and Immaculate King Who Arises from an Infinite Assembly of Qualities

Wylie:
  • shin tu dri ma med cing yongs su dag la yon tan gyi tshogs mtha’ yas pa las byung ba’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་དྲི་མ་མེད་ཅིང་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་ལ་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་ཚོགས་མཐའ་ཡས་པ་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of the Nāga King Sāgara when he attains buddhahood.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­52
  • 8.­54
  • g.­281
g.­231

Pure Golden Light

Wylie:
  • gser bzangs rnam dag ’od
Tibetan:
  • གསེར་བཟངས་རྣམ་དག་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­232

Pure Land

Wylie:
  • gnas gtsang ma’i ris
Tibetan:
  • གནས་གཙང་མའི་རིས།
Sanskrit:
  • śuddhāvāsa

The five highest of the heavens that constitute the form realm.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­183
g.­233

Pure Light of Language

Wylie:
  • tshig rnam par dag pa’i ’od
Tibetan:
  • ཚིག་རྣམ་པར་དག་པའི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­234

Pure View

Wylie:
  • lta ba yongs su dag pa
Tibetan:
  • ལྟ་བ་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Radiant King of Pure Light.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­42
  • n.­40
  • g.­58
g.­235

Purity

Wylie:
  • dag pa
Tibetan:
  • དག་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

One of King Inexhaustible Merit’s queens.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­2
g.­236

Radiant King of Pure Light

Wylie:
  • ’od rnam par dag pa’i ’od zer rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • འོད་རྣམ་པར་དག་པའི་འོད་ཟེར་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­42
  • 8.­45
  • g.­234
g.­237

Rāhu

Wylie:
  • sgra gcan
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲ་གཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • rāhu

A lord of the asuras.

Located in 15 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 3.­41
  • 6.­4
  • 7.­5-8
  • 7.­11-12
  • 7.­19
  • 7.­21
  • 7.­24
  • 7.­71
  • g.­28
  • g.­38
g.­238

Rājagṛha

Wylie:
  • rgyal po’i khab
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
Sanskrit:
  • rājagṛha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The ancient capital of Magadha prior to its relocation to Pāṭaliputra during the Mauryan dynasty, Rājagṛha is one of the most important locations in Buddhist history. The literature tells us that the Buddha and his saṅgha spent a considerable amount of time in residence in and around Rājagṛha‍—in nearby places, such as the Vulture Peak Mountain (Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata), a major site of the Mahāyāna sūtras, and the Bamboo Grove (Veṇuvana)‍—enjoying the patronage of King Bimbisāra and then of his son King Ajātaśatru. Rājagṛha is also remembered as the location where the first Buddhist monastic council was held after the Buddha Śākyamuni passed into parinirvāṇa. Now known as Rajgir and located in the modern Indian state of Bihar.

Located in 5 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • 1.­2
  • 8.­37
  • g.­11
  • g.­347
g.­239

rākṣasa

Wylie:
  • srin po
Tibetan:
  • སྲིན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • rākṣasa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that are often, but certainly not always, considered demonic in the Buddhist tradition. They are often depicted as flesh-eating monsters who haunt frightening places and are ugly and evil-natured with a yearning for human flesh, and who additionally have miraculous powers, such as being able to change their appearance.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­35
g.­240

Ratnā

Wylie:
  • rin chen
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnā

A lady.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­27
g.­241

Ratnacūḍa

Wylie:
  • gtsug na rin po che
Tibetan:
  • གཙུག་ན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnacūḍa

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­242

Ratnadīpa

Wylie:
  • rin chen sgron ma
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་སྒྲོན་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnadīpa

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­243

Ratnadvīpa

Wylie:
  • rin chen gling
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་གླིང་།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnadvīpa

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­244

Ratnajāla

Wylie:
  • rin chen dra ba
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་དྲ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnajāla

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­245

Ratnākara

Wylie:
  • rin chen ’byung gnas
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnākara

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­246

Ratnaketu

Wylie:
  • rin chen tog
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • ratnaketu

A buddha in the realm called Ratnavatī.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­254
g.­247

Ratnaketu

Wylie:
  • rin chen tog
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་ཏོག
Sanskrit:
  • ratnaketu

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­248

Ratnakūṭa

Wylie:
  • rin chen brtsegs
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་བརྩེགས།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnakūṭa

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­249

Ratnapāṇi

Wylie:
  • lag na rin chen
Tibetan:
  • ལག་ན་རིན་ཆེན།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnapāṇi

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­250

Ratnaprabha

Wylie:
  • rin chen ’od
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnaprabha

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­251

Ratnasambhava

Wylie:
  • rin chen ’byung
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnasambhava

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­252

Ratnaśrī

Wylie:
  • rin chen dpal
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnaśrī

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­253

Ratnaśrī

Wylie:
  • rin chen dpal
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnaśrī

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­114
g.­254

Ratnavatī

Wylie:
  • rin chen ldan
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnavatī

The realm of the Buddha Ratnaketu.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­246
g.­255

Ratnavyūha

Wylie:
  • rin chen bkod pa
Tibetan:
  • རིན་ཆེན་བཀོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • ratnavyūha

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­256

realm of phenomena

Wylie:
  • chos kyi dbyings
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས།
Sanskrit:
  • dharmadhātu

A synonym for ultimate truth, the nature of phenomena.

Located in 19 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­7-8
  • 2.­11
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­39
  • 4.­23-25
  • 4.­41-42
  • 7.­27
  • 7.­47
  • 7.­63
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­24
  • 9.­26
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­41
g.­257

Rock-Defeating King

Wylie:
  • brag ’joms rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • བྲག་འཇོམས་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­258

Ṛṣivadana

Wylie:
  • drang srong smra ba
Tibetan:
  • དྲང་སྲོང་སྨྲ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • ṛṣivadana

“Speech of the Sages,” an alternate name for Ṛṣipatana (drang srong lhung ba), the location of the Deer Park outside of Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first turned the wheel of Dharma.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­72
g.­259

Sāgara

Wylie:
  • rgya mtsho
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱ་མཚོ།
Sanskrit:
  • sāgara

A nāga king.

Located in 73 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1-2
  • i.­4-5
  • i.­7
  • 1.­8-9
  • 1.­18-21
  • 2.­1-3
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­46
  • 4.­53
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­10-12
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­36
  • 6.­1-2
  • 6.­4-8
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­20-24
  • 6.­41-42
  • 6.­44
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­31
  • 7.­75-79
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­31-33
  • 8.­35
  • 8.­37
  • 8.­41
  • 8.­51-52
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­3-4
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­9
  • 9.­12
  • 10.­41
  • 10.­44-45
  • n.­16
  • g.­7
  • g.­58
  • g.­104
  • g.­227
  • g.­230
g.­260

Sāgaramati

Wylie:
  • blo gros rgya mtsho
Tibetan:
  • བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།
Sanskrit:
  • sāgaramati

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­18
g.­261

Saha­cittotpāda­dharma­cakra­pravartin

Wylie:
  • sems bskyed ma thag tu chos kyi ’khor lo bskor ba
Tibetan:
  • སེམས་བསྐྱེད་མ་ཐག་ཏུ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་བསྐོར་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • saha­cittotpāda­dharma­cakra­pravartin

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­262

Sahasraraśmi

Wylie:
  • ’od zer stong ldan
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཟེར་སྟོང་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • sahasraraśmi

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­263

Śakra

Wylie:
  • brgya byin
Tibetan:
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • śakra

The lord of the gods, also known as Indra, he dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation brgya byin (meaning “one hundred sacrifices”) is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. Each world with a central Sumeru has a Śakra.

Located in 18 passages in the translation:

  • i.­3
  • i.­6
  • 1.­4
  • 3.­41
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­37
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­47
  • 7.­70
  • 10.­30
  • 10.­32
  • g.­32
  • g.­122
  • g.­155
  • g.­336
g.­264

Samantavipaśyin

Wylie:
  • kun tu rnam par gzigs
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་གཟིགས།
Sanskrit:
  • samantavipaśyin

A buddha in the ream All-Seeing.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­7
  • g.­15
g.­265

Samantavipaśyin

Wylie:
  • kun tu rnam par gzigs
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་གཟིགས།
Sanskrit:
  • samantavipaśyin

The name that Adorned with Various Jewels will adopt when she becomes a buddha.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • i.­5
  • 7.­68-69
g.­266

Saṃtuṣita

Wylie:
  • yongs su dga’ ldan
Tibetan:
  • ཡོངས་སུ་དགའ་ལྡན།
Sanskrit:
  • saṃtuṣita

The divine king in the Heaven of Joy.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­267

Sārathi

Wylie:
  • kha lo sgyur ba
Tibetan:
  • ཁ་ལོ་སྒྱུར་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • sārathi

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­268

Śāriputra

Wylie:
  • shA ri’i bu
Tibetan:
  • ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • śāriputra

One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his pure discipline and, of the disciples, considered foremost in wisdom.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­1-2
  • n.­1
g.­269

Sārthavāha

Wylie:
  • ded dpon
Tibetan:
  • དེད་དཔོན།
Sanskrit:
  • sārthavāha

One of Māra's sons who developed faith in the Buddha. Along with numerous other sons of Māra, he tried to dissuade Māra, the evil one, from attacking the prince Siddhārtha on the evening of his awakening. See The Play in Full (Toh 95), 21.14‍—21.20 and 21.43–21.51.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • g.­189
g.­270

Sarvanīvaraṇaviṣkambhin

Wylie:
  • sgrib pa thams cad rnam par sel ba
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲིབ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་རྣམ་པར་སེལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • sarvanīvaraṇaviṣkambhin

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

An important bodhisattva, included among the “eight close sons of the Buddha.” His name means “One Who Completely Dispels All Obscurations” and, accordingly, he is said to have the power to exhaust all the obscurations of anyone who merely hears his name. According to The Jewel Cloud (1.10, Toh 231), Sarva­­nīvaraṇa­­viṣkam­bhin originally dwelt in the realm of the Buddha Padma­netra, but he was so touched by the Buddha Śākyamuni’s compassionate acceptance of the barbaric and ungrateful beings who inhabit this realm that he traveled to see the Buddha Śākyamuni, offer him worship, and inquire about the Dharma. He is often included in the audience of sūtras and, in particular, he has an important role in the The Basket’s Display, Toh 116, in which he is sent to Vārāṇasī to obtain Avalokitesvara’s mantra.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­271

Satisfier

Wylie:
  • tshim byed
Tibetan:
  • ཚིམ་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A king of the asuras.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­4
  • 7.­71
g.­272

Scaling the Peak of Meru

Wylie:
  • lhun po’i rtse ’dzin
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་རྩེ་འཛིན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­273

sense source

Wylie:
  • skye mched
Tibetan:
  • སྐྱེ་མཆེད།
Sanskrit:
  • āyatana

Usually refers to the six sense faculties and their corresponding objects, i.e., the first twelve of the eighteen elements (dhātus). Along with the aggregates and elements, it is one of the three major categories in the taxonomy of phenomena in the sūtra literature.

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­5
  • 3.­3
  • 4.­23
  • 6.­45
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­19
  • g.­68
g.­274

seven precious materials

Wylie:
  • rin po che sna bdun
Tibetan:
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྣ་བདུན།
Sanskrit:
  • saptaratna

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The set of seven precious materials or substances includes a range of precious metals and gems, but their exact list varies. The set often consists of gold, silver, beryl, crystal, red pearls, emeralds, and white coral, but may also contain lapis lazuli, ruby, sapphire, chrysoberyl, diamonds, etc. The term is frequently used in the sūtras to exemplify preciousness, wealth, and beauty, and can describe treasures, offering materials, or the features of architectural structures such as stūpas, palaces, thrones, etc. The set is also used to describe the beauty and prosperity of buddha realms and the realms of the gods.

In other contexts, the term saptaratna can also refer to the seven precious possessions of a cakravartin or to a set of seven precious moral qualities.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­8
g.­275

Siddhārtha

Wylie:
  • don grub
Tibetan:
  • དོན་གྲུབ།
Sanskrit:
  • siddhārtha

In this sūtra, Siddhārtha refers to another buddha.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­44
  • g.­72
  • g.­269
g.­276

Siṃha

Wylie:
  • seng ge
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེ
Sanskrit:
  • siṃha

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­277

Siṃhamati

Wylie:
  • seng ge’i blo gros
Tibetan:
  • སེང་གེའི་བློ་གྲོས།
Sanskrit:
  • siṃhamati

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­278

sixteen excellent men

Wylie:
  • skyes bu dam pa bcu drug
Tibetan:
  • སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག
Sanskrit:
  • ṣoḍaśasatpuruṣa

A list of sixteen bodhisattvas headed by Bhadrapāla, mentioned in many sūtras as present in the audience. Unlike many other great bodhisattvas, they are all householders. Their names are‍—according to The White Lotus of the Good Dharma (Toh 113): Bhadrapāla, Ratnākara, Susārthavāha, Naradatta, Guhyagupta, Varuṇadatta, Indradatta, Uttaramati, Viśeṣamati, Vardhamānamati, Amoghadarśin, Susaṃprasthita, Su­vikrānta­vikrāmiṇ, Anupamamati, Sūryagarbha, and Dharaṇīṃdhara.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­3
  • g.­30
g.­279

sixty-two views

Wylie:
  • lta ba’i rnam pa drug cu rtsa gnyis
Tibetan:
  • ལྟ་བའི་རྣམ་པ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས།
Sanskrit:
  • dvāṣaṣṭidṛṣṛṭikṛta

The sixty-two false views, as enumerated in the Brahma­jāla­sūtra (Toh 352), comprise eighteen speculations concerning the past, based on theories of eternalism, partial eternalism, extensionism, endless equivocation, and fortuitous origination, as well as forty-four speculations concerning the future, based on percipient immortality, non-percipient immortality, neither percipient nor non-percipient immortality, annihilationism, and the immediate attainment of nirvāṇa in the present life.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 7.­54-55
g.­280

solitary buddha

Wylie:
  • rang sangs rgyas
Tibetan:
  • རང་སངས་རྒྱས།
Sanskrit:
  • pratyekabuddha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally, “buddha for oneself” or “solitary realizer.” Someone who, in his or her last life, attains awakening entirely through their own contemplation, without relying on a teacher. Unlike the awakening of a fully realized buddha (samyaksambuddha), the accomplishment of a pratyeka­buddha is not regarded as final or ultimate. They attain realization of the nature of dependent origination, the selflessness of the person, and a partial realization of the selflessness of phenomena, by observing the suchness of all that arises through interdependence. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary merit, compassion or motivation to teach others. They are named as “rhinoceros-like” (khaḍgaviṣāṇakalpa) for their preference for staying in solitude or as “congregators” (vargacārin) when their preference is to stay among peers.

Located in 16 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­33
  • 1.­54-55
  • 1.­57
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­64
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­14
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­18
  • 4.­1
  • 6.­49
  • 6.­73
  • 10.­7
  • g.­163
  • g.­319
g.­281

Sound of Dharma

Wylie:
  • chos kyi sgra
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྒྲ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the future Buddha Pure and Immaculate King Who Arises from an Infinite Assembly of Qualities.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­52-53
g.­282

special insight

Wylie:
  • lhag mthong
Tibetan:
  • ལྷག་མཐོང་།
Sanskrit:
  • vipaśyanā

An important form of Buddhist meditation focusing on developing insight into the nature of phenomena. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other being “tranquility.”

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­3
  • 2.­9
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­44
  • 6.­72
  • g.­325
g.­283

Splendor of Light

Wylie:
  • ’od kyi dpal
Tibetan:
  • འོད་ཀྱི་དཔལ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­284

Stainless

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • stainless

A god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­20
g.­285

Stainless Light

Wylie:
  • dri med ’od
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མེད་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­43
  • g.­14
g.­286

Star Lover

Wylie:
  • skar ma la dga’ ba
Tibetan:
  • སྐར་མ་ལ་དགའ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­287

stream enterer

Wylie:
  • rgyun du zhugs pa
Tibetan:
  • རྒྱུན་དུ་ཞུགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • srotāpanna

A person who has entered the “stream” of practice that leads to nirvāṇa. The first of the four accomplishments of the path of the hearers.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­24
g.­288

strengths

Wylie:
  • stobs
Tibetan:
  • སྟོབས།
Sanskrit:
  • bala

Generally a reference to the five strengths.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­3
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­72
g.­289

Subāhu

Wylie:
  • lag bzangs
Tibetan:
  • ལག་བཟངས།
Sanskrit:
  • subāhu

An asura king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­71
g.­290

Śubhakṛtsna

Wylie:
  • dge rgyas
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་རྒྱས།
Sanskrit:
  • śubhakṛtsna

A god, king in the Heaven of Perfected Virtue.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­291

Subrahmā

Wylie:
  • rab tshangs pa
Tibetan:
  • རབ་ཚངས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • subrahmā

A Brahmā god.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­292

Sukhāvatī

Wylie:
  • bde ba can
Tibetan:
  • བདེ་བ་ཅན།
Sanskrit:
  • sukhāvatī

The buddha realm in which the Buddha Amitāyus lives.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­24
  • g.­182
g.­293

Sumeru

Wylie:
  • ri rab
Tibetan:
  • རི་རབ།
Sanskrit:
  • sumeru

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­294

Sumeru

Wylie:
  • lhun po
Tibetan:
  • ལྷུན་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • sumeru

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

According to ancient Buddhist cosmology, this is the great mountain forming the axis of the universe. At its summit is Sudarśana, home of Śakra and his thirty-two gods, and on its flanks live the asuras. The mount has four sides facing the cardinal directions, each of which is made of a different precious stone. Surrounding it are several mountain ranges and the great ocean where the four principal island continents lie: in the south, Jambudvīpa (our world); in the west, Godānīya; in the north, Uttarakuru; and in the east, Pūrvavideha. Above it are the abodes of the desire realm gods. It is variously referred to as Meru, Mount Meru, Sumeru, and Mount Sumeru.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­16
  • g.­263
g.­295

Sunirmāṇarati

Wylie:
  • rab ’phrul dga’
Tibetan:
  • རབ་འཕྲུལ་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • sunirmāṇarati

A divine king in the Heaven of Delighting in Emanations.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­296

superimposition

Wylie:
  • sgro btags pa
  • sgro ’dogs pa
Tibetan:
  • སྒྲོ་བཏགས་པ།
  • སྒྲོ་འདོགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • samāropa

To superimpose inherent existence upon something that does not exist inherently.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­8
  • 3.­5-6
  • 7.­28
g.­297

Superior

Wylie:
  • bla ma
Tibetan:
  • བླ་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­5
g.­298

Superior Dharma

Wylie:
  • chos bla ma
Tibetan:
  • ཆོས་བླ་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a thus-gone one in the future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­3
g.­299

Superior Insight

Wylie:
  • shes rab bla ma
Tibetan:
  • ཤེས་རབ་བླ་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a thus-gone one in the future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­3
g.­300

Superior Merit

Wylie:
  • bsod nams bla ma
Tibetan:
  • བསོད་ནམས་བླ་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a thus-gone one in the future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­3
g.­301

Superior Teacher

Wylie:
  • bla ma’i bshes gnyen
Tibetan:
  • བླ་མའི་བཤེས་གཉེན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­5
g.­302

Superior Wisdom

Wylie:
  • ye shes bla ma
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་བླ་མ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The name of a thus-gone one in the future.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­3
g.­303

Supreme Bliss

Wylie:
  • bde mchog
Tibetan:
  • བདེ་མཆོག
Sanskrit:
  • —

A king of the asuras.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­4
  • 7.­71
g.­304

Supreme Incense Light

Wylie:
  • spos mchog ’od
Tibetan:
  • སྤོས་མཆོག་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A grove in Presence of Joy.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­2
g.­305

Suyāma

Wylie:
  • rab ’thab bral
Tibetan:
  • རབ་འཐབ་བྲལ།
Sanskrit:
  • suyāma

A divine king in the Heaven Free from Strife.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­306

Takṣaka

Wylie:
  • ’jog po
Tibetan:
  • འཇོག་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • takṣaka

A nāga king.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­5
  • 7.­74
g.­307

ten courses of virtuous action

Wylie:
  • dge ba bcu’i las kyi lam
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་བ་བཅུའི་ལས་ཀྱི་ལམ།
Sanskrit:
  • daśakuśala­karmapatha

See “ten virtues.”

Located in 7 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­22
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­39
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­71
  • 6.­73
  • 8.­23
g.­308

ten powers

Wylie:
  • stobs bcu
Tibetan:
  • སྟོབས་བཅུ།
Sanskrit:
  • daśabala

May refer to either: i.) the ten powers of a thus-gone one (daśatathāgatabala, de bzhin gshegs pa’i stobs bcu): (1) the knowledge of what is possible and not possible, (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma, (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations, (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures, (5) the knowledge of the supreme and lesser faculties of sentient beings, (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths, (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation, (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives, (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths, and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements; or ii.) the ten powers of a bodhisattva (daśabodhisattvabala, byang chub sems pa’i stobs bcu): (1) the power of intention, (2) the power of resolute intention, (3) the power of application, (4) the power of insight, (5) the power of prayer, (6) the power of vehicle, (7) the power of conduct, (8) the power of emanation, (9) the power of awakening, and (10) the power of turning the wheel of the Dharma

Located in 9 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­11
  • 3.­38
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­35
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­14-15
  • 7.­22
  • g.­223
g.­309

ten virtues

Wylie:
  • dge ba bcu
Tibetan:
  • དགེ་བ་བཅུ།
Sanskrit:
  • daśakuśala

Abstaining from: killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views. These are collectively called the “ten courses of virtuous action” (daśakuśalakarmapatha).

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­73
  • g.­307
g.­310

The Array That Brings Joy

Wylie:
  • dga’ ba skyed pa’i bkod pa
Tibetan:
  • དགའ་བ་སྐྱེད་པའི་བཀོད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The world of the Dharma king Banner of the Lord.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 7.­21
g.­311

thirty-two marks

Wylie:
  • sum cu rtsa gnyis mtshan
Tibetan:
  • སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས་མཚན།
Sanskrit:
  • —

See “thirty-two marks of a great being.”

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­15
  • 8.­12
g.­312

thirty-two marks of a great being

Wylie:
  • skyes bu chen po’i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis
Tibetan:
  • སྐྱེས་བུ་ཆེན་པོའི་མཚན་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས།
Sanskrit:
  • dvātriṃśanmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇa

Thirty-two of the hundred and twelve identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, in addition to the so-called “eighty minor marks.”

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­38
  • g.­67
  • g.­311
  • g.­313
  • g.­333
  • g.­334
g.­313

thirty-two supreme marks

Wylie:
  • mtshan mchog sum cu rtsa gnyis
Tibetan:
  • མཚན་མཆོག་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

See “thirty-two marks of a great being.”

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­14
  • 6.­36
g.­314

three forms of knowing

Wylie:
  • rig pa gsum
Tibetan:
  • རིག་པ་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • trividyā

The three kinds of knowledge obtained by the Buddha on the night of his awakening. These comprise the knowledge of the death and rebirth of sentient beings, the knowledge of remembering previous lives, and the knowledge of the cessation of defilements.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 8.­34
g.­315

three gateways of liberation

Wylie:
  • rnam par thar pa’i sgo gsum
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པའི་སྒོ་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • trivimokṣamukha

Absence of marks, absence of wishes, and emptiness. Also known as the “three liberations.”

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­34
  • g.­102
  • g.­316
g.­316

three liberations

Wylie:
  • rnam par thar pa gsum
  • rnam thar gsum
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པ་གསུམ།
  • རྣམ་ཐར་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • trivimokṣa

Absence of marks, absence of wishes, and emptiness. Also known as the “three gateways of liberation.”

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­39
  • 8.­16
  • g.­315
g.­317

three realms

Wylie:
  • khams gsum
Tibetan:
  • ཁམས་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • tridhātu

The three realms are the desire realm (kāmadhātu), the form realm (rūpadhātu), and the formless realm (ārūpyadhātu), i.e., the three worlds that make up saṃsāra. The first is composed of the six classes of beings (gods, asuras, humans, animals, hungry spirits, and hell beings), whereas the latter two are only realms of gods and are thus higher, more ethereal states of saṃsāra.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­64
  • 3.­2
  • 7.­15
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­34
  • g.­107
g.­318

three stains

Wylie:
  • dri ma gsum
  • dri gsum
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་གསུམ།
  • དྲི་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • trimala

Attachment, aggression, and delusion.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­15
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­34
g.­319

three vehicles

Wylie:
  • theg pa gsum
Tibetan:
  • ཐེག་པ་གསུམ།
Sanskrit:
  • triyāna
  • yānatraya

The vehicles of the hearers, solitary buddhas, and bodhisattvas.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 5.­23
g.­320

Thunder

Wylie:
  • brug sgra
Tibetan:
  • བྲུག་སྒྲ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­321

thus-gone one

Wylie:
  • de bzhin gshegs pa
Tibetan:
  • དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • tathāgata

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A frequently used synonym for buddha. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-āgata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha­(tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has departed in the wake of the buddhas of the past, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence. It is also often used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

Located in 124 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­8
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­53-55
  • 1.­72-73
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­12-17
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­43-44
  • 4.­1-4
  • 4.­7-10
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­53
  • 5.­2-5
  • 5.­8-9
  • 5.­23-24
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­36-37
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­3-5
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­52
  • 6.­55-60
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­8-9
  • 7.­25
  • 7.­29-31
  • 7.­34
  • 7.­36-37
  • 7.­41
  • 7.­55-56
  • 7.­58-59
  • 7.­68-70
  • 7.­73
  • 7.­75-76
  • 7.­78-81
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­4-8
  • 8.­24-25
  • 8.­31
  • 8.­33-36
  • 8.­38
  • 8.­40-42
  • 8.­44-45
  • 8.­52
  • 8.­54
  • 9.­11
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­3-7
  • 10.­31-33
  • 10.­36-37
  • n.­16
  • g.­2
  • g.­80
  • g.­82
  • g.­298
  • g.­299
  • g.­300
  • g.­302
  • g.­308
g.­322

thusness

Wylie:
  • de bzhin nyid
Tibetan:
  • དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད།
Sanskrit:
  • tathatā

The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms.

Located in 12 passages in the translation:

  • 2.­8
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­39
  • 4.­23
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­39
  • 7.­29
  • 7.­44-46
  • 7.­63
  • g.­321
g.­323

Total Protection

Wylie:
  • kun nas bsrungs pa
Tibetan:
  • ཀུན་ནས་བསྲུངས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­17
g.­324

Totally Pure and Stable

Wylie:
  • yongs su dag cing brten pa
Tibetan:
  • ཡོངས་སུ་དག་ཅིང་བརྟེན་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Amoghadarśin.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­23
  • 5.­25
  • 5.­36
  • g.­18
g.­325

tranquility

Wylie:
  • zhi gnas
Tibetan:
  • ཞི་གནས།
Sanskrit:
  • śamatha

One of the basic forms of Buddhist meditation, it focuses on calming the mind. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other being “special insight.”

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­3
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­44
  • 6.­72
  • 8.­18
  • g.­282
g.­326

Treasury of Space

Wylie:
  • nam mkha’i mdzod
Tibetan:
  • ནམ་མཁའི་མཛོད།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­12
g.­327

True Eminence

Wylie:
  • mchog dam pa
Tibetan:
  • མཆོག་དམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Immaculate Hand.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­328

Unblinking Eye

Wylie:
  • mig mi ’dzums pa
Tibetan:
  • མིག་མི་འཛུམས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

The realm of the Buddha Fine Eyes.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­24
g.­329

universal monarch

Wylie:
  • ’khor los sgyur ba
Tibetan:
  • འཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • cakravartin

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

An ideal monarch or emperor who, as the result of the merit accumulated in previous lifetimes, rules over a vast realm in accordance with the Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he bears a wheel (cakra) that rolls (vartate) across the earth, bringing all lands and kingdoms under his power. The cakravartin conquers his territory without causing harm, and his activity causes beings to enter the path of wholesome actions. According to Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa, just as with the buddhas, only one cakravartin appears in a world system at any given time. They are likewise endowed with the thirty-two major marks of a great being (mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇa), but a cakravartin’s marks are outshined by those of a buddha. They possess seven precious objects: the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the wish-fulfilling gem, the queen, the general, and the minister. An illustrative passage about the cakravartin and his possessions can be found in The Play in Full (Toh 95), 3.3–3.13.

Vasubandhu lists four types of cakravartins: (1) the cakravartin with a golden wheel (suvarṇacakravartin) rules over four continents and is invited by lesser kings to be their ruler; (2) the cakravartin with a silver wheel (rūpyacakravartin) rules over three continents and his opponents submit to him as he approaches; (3) the cakravartin with a copper wheel (tāmracakravartin) rules over two continents and his opponents submit themselves after preparing for battle; and (4) the cakravartin with an iron wheel (ayaścakravartin) rules over one continent and his opponents submit themselves after brandishing weapons.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­2
  • 4.­7-8
  • 8.­42
  • 8.­45
  • 8.­51
  • g.­58
  • g.­67
  • g.­136
  • g.­312
g.­330

Unobserving

Wylie:
  • mi dmigs pa
Tibetan:
  • མི་དམིགས་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­16
g.­331

Unwinking Gaze

Wylie:
  • mig mi ’dzums
Tibetan:
  • མིག་མི་འཛུམས།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­9
g.­332

Upananda

Wylie:
  • nye dga’
Tibetan:
  • ཉེ་དགའ།
Sanskrit:
  • upananda

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­7
g.­333

ūrṇā hair

Wylie:
  • mdzod spu
Tibetan:
  • མཛོད་སྤུ།
Sanskrit:
  • ūrṇā

One of the thirty-two marks of a great being consisting of a hair between the eyebrows capable of emitting an intense bright light.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­12
  • 2.­2
g.­334

uṣṇīṣa

Wylie:
  • spyi gtsug
Tibetan:
  • སྤྱི་གཙུག
Sanskrit:
  • uṣṇīṣa

One of the thirty-two marks of a great being, in its simplest form it is a pointed shape to the head (like a turban), or more elaborately a dome-shaped protuberance, or even an invisible protuberance of infinite height.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­12
g.­335

Utpalā

Wylie:
  • ud pa la
Tibetan:
  • ཨུད་པ་ལ།
Sanskrit:
  • utpalā

A lady.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 10.­25
g.­336

Vaijayanta Palace

Wylie:
  • rnam par rgyal byed
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • vaijayanta

Śakra’s palace in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 8.­31-32
g.­337

Vaiśravaṇa

Wylie:
  • rnam thos kyi bu
Tibetan:
  • རྣམ་ཐོས་ཀྱི་བུ།
Sanskrit:
  • vaiśravaṇa

One of the Four Great Kings.

Located in 4 passages in the translation:

  • 3.­41
  • g.­92
  • g.­112
  • g.­353
g.­338

Vajrapāṇi

Wylie:
  • lag na rdo rje
Tibetan:
  • ལག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ།
Sanskrit:
  • vajrapāṇi

A nāga king in this sūtra. The bodhisattva Vajrapāṇi is called Mahāsthāmaprāpta here.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­5
g.­339

Vārāṇasī

Wylie:
  • bA rA Na sI
Tibetan:
  • བཱ་རཱ་ཎ་སཱི།
Sanskrit:
  • vārāṇasī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Also known as Benares, one of the oldest cities of northeast India on the banks of the Ganges, in modern-day Uttar Pradesh. It was once the capital of the ancient kingdom of Kāśi, and in the Buddha’s time it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kośala. It was an important religious center, as well as a major city, even during the time of the Buddha. The name may derive from being where the Varuna and Assi rivers flow into the Ganges. It was on the outskirts of Vārāṇasī that the Buddha first taught the Dharma, in the location known as Deer Park (Mṛgadāva). For numerous episodes set in Vārāṇasī, including its kings, see The Hundred Deeds, Toh 340.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­72
  • g.­258
g.­340

Varieties of Sandalwood

Wylie:
  • tsan dan gyi rnam pa
Tibetan:
  • ཙན་དན་གྱི་རྣམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

A nāga king.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 6.­5
g.­341

Vaśavartin

Wylie:
  • dbang byed
Tibetan:
  • དབང་བྱེད།
Sanskrit:
  • vaśavartin

The chief of the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­342

Vemacitrin

Wylie:
  • thags zangs ris
Tibetan:
  • ཐགས་ཟངས་རིས།
Sanskrit:
  • vemacitrin

A king of the asuras.

Located in 3 passages in the translation:

  • 6.­4
  • 7.­31
  • 7.­71
g.­343

Vimalā

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • vimalā

One of King Inexhaustible Merit’s queens.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­2
g.­344

Vimalaprabhā

Wylie:
  • dri ma med pa’i ’od
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • vimalaprabhā

One of King Inexhaustible Merit’s queens and a different woman who questions the Buddha.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­2
  • 10.­28
g.­345

Vimalaprabhāsa

Wylie:
  • dri med ’od
Tibetan:
  • དྲི་མེད་འོད།
Sanskrit:
  • vimalaprabhāsa

A divine king of the Highest Heaven.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­4
g.­346

vinaya

Wylie:
  • ’dul ba
Tibetan:
  • འདུལ་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • vinaya

The Buddha’s teachings that lay out the rules and discipline for his followers.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • 5.­5
  • 10.­36
g.­347

Vulture Peak Mountain

Wylie:
  • bya rgod phung po’i ri
  • bya rgod kyi phung po’i ri
Tibetan:
  • བྱ་རྒོད་ཕུང་པོའི་རི།
  • བྱ་རྒོད་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོའི་རི།
Sanskrit:
  • gṛdhrakūṭaparvata

A hill located in modern-day Bihar, India, and in the vicinity of the ancient city of Rājagṛha (modern Rajgir). A location where many sūtras were taught, and which continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­2
  • 8.­31-32
  • 8.­37
g.­348

Vyūharāja

Wylie:
  • bkod pa’i rgyal po
Tibetan:
  • བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Sanskrit:
  • vyūharāja

A bodhisattva.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 1.­3
g.­349

water with the eight qualities

Wylie:
  • yan lag brgyad dang ldan pa’i chu
Tibetan:
  • ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཆུ།
Sanskrit:
  • aṣṭāṅgajala

Water that has the eight qualities of being sweet, cool, pleasant, light, clear, pure, not harmful to the throat, and beneficial for the stomach.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 4.­2
g.­350

Without Misery

Wylie:
  • mya ngan med
Tibetan:
  • མྱ་ངན་མེད།
Sanskrit:
  • aśoka

The realm of the Buddha Free from Misery.

Located in 1 passage in the translation:

  • 3.­43
g.­351

world protectors

Wylie:
  • ’jig rten skyong ba
Tibetan:
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་སྐྱོང་བ།
Sanskrit:
  • lokapāla

Also known as the Four Great Kings.

Located in 6 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­7
  • 4.­37
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­47
g.­352

worthy one

Wylie:
  • dgra bcom pa
Tibetan:
  • དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
Sanskrit:
  • arhat

A person who has accomplished the final fruition of the path of the hearers and is liberated from saṃsāra.

Located in 10 passages in the translation:

  • 4.­1
  • 5.­24
  • 6.­40
  • 6.­55
  • 7.­31
  • 8.­42
  • 8.­52
  • g.­66
  • g.­80
  • g.­171
g.­353

yakṣa

Wylie:
  • gnod sbyin
Tibetan:
  • གནོད་སྦྱིན།
Sanskrit:
  • yakṣa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings who inhabit forests, mountainous areas, and other natural spaces, or serve as guardians of villages and towns, and may be propitiated for health, wealth, protection, and other boons, or controlled through magic. According to tradition, their homeland is in the north, where they live under the rule of the Great King Vaiśravaṇa.

Several members of this class have been deified as gods of wealth (these include the just-mentioned Vaiśravaṇa) or as bodhisattva generals of yakṣa armies, and have entered the Buddhist pantheon in a variety of forms, including, in tantric Buddhism, those of wrathful deities.

Located in 14 passages in the translation:

  • 1.­4
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­71
  • 4.­10
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­47
  • 7.­67
  • 8.­31
  • g.­92
  • g.­112
g.­354

Yeshé Dé

Wylie:
  • ye shes sde
Tibetan:
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ།
Sanskrit:
  • —

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Yeshé Dé (late eighth to early ninth century) was the most prolific translator of sūtras into Tibetan. Altogether he is credited with the translation of more than one hundred sixty sūtra translations and more than one hundred additional translations, mostly on tantric topics. In spite of Yeshé Dé’s great importance for the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet during the imperial era, only a few biographical details about this figure are known. Later sources describe him as a student of the Indian teacher Padmasambhava, and he is also credited with teaching both sūtra and tantra widely to students of his own. He was also known as Nanam Yeshé Dé, from the Nanam (sna nam) clan.

Located in 2 passages in the translation:

  • i.­8
  • c.­1
0
    You are downloading:

    The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (1)

    Click here to make a dāna donation

    This is a free publication from 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, a non-profit organization sharing the gift of Buddhist wisdom with the world.

    The cultivation of generosity, or dāna—giving voluntarily with a view that something wholesome will come of it—is considered to be a fundamental Buddhist practice by all schools. The nature and quantity of the gift itself is often considered less important.

    Table of Contents


    Search this text


    Other ways to read

    Download PDF
    Download EPUB
    Open in the 84000 App

    Spotted a mistake?

    Please use the contact form provided to suggest a correction.


    How to cite this text

    The following are examples of how to correctly cite this publication. Links to specific passages can be derived by right-clicking on the milestones markers in the left-hand margin (e.g. s.1). The copied link address can replace the url below.

    • Chicago
    • MLA
    • APA
    84000. The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (1) (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā, klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa, Toh 153). Translated by Dharmachakra Translation Committee. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2025. https://84000.co/translation/toh153/UT22084-058-004-glossary.Copy
    84000. The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (1) (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā, klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa, Toh 153). Translated by Dharmachakra Translation Committee, online publication, 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2025, 84000.co/translation/toh153/UT22084-058-004-glossary.Copy
    84000. (2025) The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (1) (Sāgara­nāga­rāja­paripṛcchā, klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa, Toh 153). (Dharmachakra Translation Committee, Trans.). Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha. https://84000.co/translation/toh153/UT22084-058-004-glossary.Copy

    Related links

    • Other texts from General Sūtra Section
    • Published Translations
    • Browse the Collection
    • 84000 Homepage
    Sponsor Translation

    Bookmarks

    Copyright © 2011-2024 84000 - All Rights Reserved
    • Website: https://84000.co
    • Contact
    • Privacy Policy