The White Lotus of the Good Dharma
Glossary
Toh 113
Degé Kangyur, vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1.b–180.b
- Surendrabodhi
- Yeshé De
Imprint
Translated by Peter Alan Roberts
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha
First published 2018
Current version v 1.2.19 (2024)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.26.1
84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.
This work is provided under the protection of a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution - Non-commercial - No-derivatives) 3.0 copyright. It may be copied or printed for fair use, but only with full attribution, and not for commercial advantage or personal compensation. For full details, see the Creative Commons license.
Table of Contents
Summary
The White Lotus of the Good Dharma, popularly known as the Lotus Sūtra, is taught by Buddha Śākyamuni on Vulture Peak to an audience that includes bodhisattvas from countless realms, as well as bodhisattvas who emerge from under the ground, from the space below this world. Buddha Prabhūtaratna, who has long since passed into nirvāṇa, appears within a floating stūpa to hear the sūtra, and Śākyamuni enters the stūpa and sits beside him. The Lotus Sūtra is celebrated, particularly in East Asia, for its presentation of crucial elements of the Mahāyāna tradition, such as the doctrine that there is only one yāna, or “vehicle”; the distinction between expedient and definite teachings; and the notion that the Buddha’s life, enlightenment, and parinirvāṇa were simply manifestations of his transcendent buddhahood, while he continues to teach eternally. A recurring theme in the sūtra is its own significance in teaching these points during past and future eons, with many passages in which the Buddha and bodhisattvas such as Samantabhadra describe the great benefits that come from devotion to it, the history of its past devotees, and how it is the Buddha’s ultimate teaching, supreme over all other sūtras.
Acknowledgements
The White Lotus of the Good Dharma Sūtra was translated from Tibetan with reference to the Sanskrit by Peter Alan Roberts. Ling Lung Chen was the consultant for the Chinese versions. Emily Bower was the project manager and editor. Ben Gleason was the proofreader.
The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
The generous sponsorship of May & George Gu, which helped make the work on this translation possible, is most gratefully acknowledged.
Text Body
The White Lotus of the Good Dharma
Colophon
Translated, revised, and finalized by the Indian Upādhyāya Surendrabodhi and the chief editor Lotsawa Bandé Nanam Yeshé Dé.
Bibliography
Tibetan Editions of the Sūtra
dam chos padma dkar po’i mdo (Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra) [The White Lotus of the Good Dharma]. Toh 113, Degé Kangyur, 103 vols. New Delhi: Karmapae Chodhey Gyalwae Sungrab Patrun Khang, 1976–79, vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1a–180b.
———. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), pp. 3–427.
———. Choné Kangyur (co ne bka’ ’gyur). 108 vols. Choné: co ne par khang, 1926, vol. 31 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1–212b.
———. Lhasa Kangyur (lha sa bka’ ’gyur). 100 vols. Lhasa: zhol bka’ ’gyur par khang, 1934, vol. 53 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1b–285b.
———. Narthang Kangyur (snar thang bka’ ’gyur). 102 vols. Narthang: snar thang par khang, eighteenth century, vol. 53 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1b–281b.
———. Stok Palace Kangyur (stog pho brang bris ma bka’ ’gyur). 109 vols. Leh: smad rtsis shes rig dpe mdzod, 1975–80. vol. 67 (mdo sde, ma), folios 1a–270b.
———. Urga Kangyur (ur ga bka’ ’gyur). New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1990–94. vol. 51 (mdo sde, ja), folios 1a–180b.
Khangkar, Tsultrim Kelsang (ed.) bod gyur dam pa’i chos padma dkar po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo: Tibetan Translation of Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra. Nyin bod nang rig deb grangs (Japanese and Tibetan Buddhist Culture Series) XI. Kyoto: Tibetan Buddhist Culture Association, 2009.
Sanskrit Editions of the Sūtra
Zhongxin, Jiang. Sanskrit Lotus Sutra Fragments from the Lüshun Museum Collection. Tokyo: Sōka Gakkai, 1997.
Vaidya, P. L. Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra. Darbhanga: The Mithila Institute of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning, 1960.
Watanabe, Shōkō. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Manuscripts Found in Gilgit. Tokyo: Reiyukai, 1972–75.
Wogihara, Unrai and Tsuchida, Chikao. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtram: Romanized and Revised Text of the Bibliotheca Buddhica publication by consulting a Sanskrit Ms. & Tibetan and Chinese translations. Tōkyō: Seigo-Kenkyūkai, 1934–35.
Translations of the Sūtra
Borsig, Margareta von. Lotos-Sutra: Das Große Erleuchtungsbuch des Buddhismus. Freiburg: Herder, 2003.
Burnouf, Eugene. Le lotus de la bonne loi. Paris: L’imprimerie Nationale, 1852.
Hurvitz, Leon. Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
Katō, Bunnō. “The Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law.” In The Threefold Lotus Sutra, translated by Bunnō Katō, Yoshirō Tamura, and Kōjirō Miyasaka, with revisions by W. E. Soothill, Wilhelm Schiffer, and Pier P. Del Campana, 18–213. New York and Tokyo: Weatherhill and Kosei, 1993.
Kern, H. Saddharma-Puṇḍarīka or the Lotus of the Good Law. Sacred Books of the East XXII. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884.
Kubo, Tsugunari and Akira Yuyama. The Lotus Sutra. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research (revised second edition), 2007.
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Soothill, W.E. The Lotus of the Wonderful Law, or The Lotus Gospel. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1987.
Watson, Burton. The Lotus Sutra. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Other Kangyur Texts
rgya cher rol pa’i mdo (Lalitavistarasūtra, Toh 95. Degé Kangyur vol. 46 (mdo sde, kha), folios 1b–216b. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation committee (2013).
ting nge ’dzin gyi rgyal po’i mdo (Samādhirājasūtra), Toh 127, Degé Kangyur vol. 55 (mdo sde, da), folios 1a–175b. English translation in Roberts (2018).
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi gsang ba’i mdo (Tathāgataghuyakasūtra) [The Secret of the Tathāgatas Sūtra]. Toh 443, Degé Kangyur vol. 81 (rgyud, ca), folios 90a–157b.
phal po che’i mdo (Avataṁsakasūtra) [A Multitude of Buddhas Sūtra]. Toh 44, Degé Kangyur vols. 35–38 (phal chen, ka–a), folios ka 1a–nga 363a.
lang kar gshegs pa’i mdo (Laṅkāvatārasūtra) [The Entry into Laṅka Sutra]. Toh 107, Degé Kangyur vol. 49 (mdo sde, ca), folios 56a–191b.
shes rab pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Verses]. Toh 12, Degé Kangyur vol. 33 (brgyad stong pa, ka), folios 1b–286a.
sa bcu pa’i mdo (Daśabhūmikasūtra) [The Sūtra of the Ten Bhūmis]. Chapter 31, in Toh 44, Degé Kangyur vol. 36 (phal chen, kha), folios 166a–283a. English translation in Roberts (2021).
gser ’od dam pa’i mdo (Suvarṇaprabhāsūtra) [The Golden Light Sūtra]. Toh 556, Degé Kangyur vol. 89 (rgyud, pa), folios 151b–273a. English translation in Roberts (2024).
Tengyur Texts
Abhayākaragupta. thub pa’i dgongs pa’i rgyan (Munimatālaṁkāra). Toh 3903, Degé Tengyur vol. 210 (dbu ma, a), folios 73b–293a.
Asaṅga. theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma’i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā). Toh 4025, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), folios 74b–129a.
Candrakīrti. dbu ma la ’jug pa’i bshad pa (Madhyamakāvatārabhāṣya). Toh 3862, Degé Tengyur vol. 204 (dbu ma, ’a), folios 220b–348a.
———. byang chub sems dpa’i rnal ’byor spyod pa bzhi brgya pa’i ’grel pa (Bodhisattvayogacaryācatuḥśatakaṭīkā) Toh 3865, Degé Tengyur vol. 205 (dbu ma, ya), folios 30b–239a.
Daṃṣṭrāsena, Vasubandhu, or neither. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum pa dang nyi khri lnga stong pa dang khri brgyad stong pa’i rgya cher bshad pa (Śatasāhasrikāpañcaviṁśatisāhasrikaṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitābṛhaṭṭīkā). Toh 3808, Degé Tengyur vol. 93 (sher phyin, pha), folios 1a–292b. English translation in Sparham (2022).
Dharmamitra. tshig rab tu gsal ba (Prasphuṭapadā). Toh 3796, Degé Tengyur vol. 87 (sher phyin, nya), folios 1a–110a.
Jānavajra. de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying po’i rgyan (Tathāgatahṛdayālaṁkāra). Toh 4019, Degé Tengyur vol. 224 (mdo ’grel, pi), folios 1a–310a.
Kamalaśīla. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa bdun brgya pa rgya cher bshad pa (Saptaśatikāprajñāpāramitāṭīkā). Toh 3815, Degé Tengyur vol. 95 (sher phyin, ma), folios 89a–178a.
Maitreya-Asaṅga. theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma’i bstan bcos (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra) [A Mahāyāna Treatise on the Supreme Continuum]. Toh 4024, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), folios 54b–73a.
Nāgārjuna. mdo kun las btus pa (Sūtrasamuccaya). Toh 3934, Degé Tengyur vol. 212 (dbu ma, ki), folios 148b–215a.
Saitsalak (sa’i rtsa lag, Kuiji, Pṛthivībandhu). dam pa’i chos padma dkar po’i ’grel pa. Toh 4017, Degé Tengyur, vol. 120 (mdo ’grel, di), folios 175b–302a.
———. dam pa’i chos padma dkar po’i ’grel pa. bstan ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Tengyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 120 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 1994–2008, vol. 69 (mdo sde, di, vol. 135), pp. 476–826.
Śāntideva. bslab pa kun las btus pa (Śikṣāsamuccaya). Toh 3940, Degé Tengyur vol. 111 (dbu ma, khi), folios 3a–194b.
Vasubandhu. theg pa chen po bsdus pa’i ’grel pa (Mahāyānasaṁgrahabhāṣya). Toh 4050, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, yi), folios 121b–190a.
Wantsik (wan tshig, Yuan Tso). dgongs pa zab mo nges par ’grel pa (Gambhīrasaṁdhinirmocanasūtraṭīkā). Toh 4016, Degé Tengyur vols. 220–22 (mdo ’grel, ti–ti), folios ti 1a–di 175a.
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Glossary
Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language
Attested in source text
This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.
Attested in other text
This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.
Attested in dictionary
This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.
Approximate attestation
The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.
Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering
This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.
Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering
This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.
Source unspecified
This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.
Ābhāsvara
- ’od gsal
- འོད་གསལ།
- ābhāsvara
Abhijñājñānābhibhū
- mngon shes ye shes zil gnon
- མངོན་ཤེས་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཟིལ་གནོན།
- abhijñājñānābhibhū
Abhijñaprāpta
- mngon par shes thob
- མངོན་པར་ཤེས་ཐོབ།
- abhijñaprāpta
Abhirati
- mngon par dga’ ba
- མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
- abhirati
Abhyudgatarāja
- mngon ’phags rgyal po
- མངོན་འཕགས་རྒྱལ་པོ།
- abhyudgatarāja
absence of aspiration
- smon pa med pa
- སྨོན་པ་མེད་པ།
- apraṇihita
absence of attributes
- mtshan ma med pa
- མཚན་མ་མེད་པ།
- animitta
Acalā
- me
- མེ།
- acalā
ācārya
- slob dpon
- སློབ་དཔོན།
- ācārya
accounts of miracles
- rmad byung
- རྨད་བྱུང་།
- adbhuta
Adhimātrakāruṇika
- rab tu snying rje can
- རབ་ཏུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཅན།
- adhimātrakāruṇika
Adorned by Great Jewels
- rin po che chen pos brgyan pa
- རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཆེན་པོས་བརྒྱན་པ།
- mahāratnapratimaṇḍita
agarwood
- a ga ru
- ཨ་ག་རུ།
- agaru
airborne palace
- gzhal med khang
- གཞལ་མེད་ཁང་།
- vimāna
Ajātaśatru
- ma skyes dgra
- མ་སྐྱེས་དགྲ།
- ajātaśatru
Ajita
- ma pham pa
- མ་ཕམ་པ།
- ajita
Ājñātakauṇḍinya
- kun shes kauN+di n+ya
- ཀུན་ཤེས་ཀཽཎྡི་ནྱ།
- ājñātakauṇḍinya
Akaniṣṭha
- ’og min
- འོག་མིན།
- akaniṣṭha
Ākāśapratiṣṭhita
- nam mkha’ la gnas pa
- ནམ་མཁའ་ལ་གནས་པ།
- ākāśapratiṣṭhita
Akṣayamati
- blo gros mi zad pa
- བློ་གྲོས་མི་ཟད་པ།
- akṣayamati
Akṣobhya
- mi ’khrugs pa
- མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
- akṣobhya
Amitābha
- snang ba mtha’ yas
- སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས།
- amitābha
Amitāyus
- tshe dpag med
- ཚེ་དཔག་མེད།
- amitāyus
Amoghadarśin
- mthong ba don yod
- མཐོང་བ་དོན་ཡོད།
- amoghadarśin
amrita
- bdud rtsi
- བདུད་རྩི།
- amṛta
Anābhibhū
- zil gnon
- ཟིལ་གནོན།
- anābhibhū
Ānanda
- kun dga’ bo
- ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
- ānanda
Anantacāritra
- spyod pa mtha’ yas
- སྤྱོད་པ་མཐའ་ཡས།
- anantacāritra
Anantamati
- mtha’ yas blo gros
- མཐའ་ཡས་བློ་གྲོས།
- anantamati
Anantavikrāmiṇ
- mtha’ yas gnon
- མཐའ་ཡས་གནོན།
- anantavikrāmiṇ
Anavanāmitavaijayantī
- ma bsnyal ba’i rgyal mtshan
- མ་བསྙལ་བའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
- anavanāmitavaijayantī
Anavanatā Dhvajavaijayantī
- ma bsnyal rgyal mtshan rgyal ba’i ba dan
- མ་བསྙལ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་རྒྱལ་བའི་བ་དན།
- anavanatā dhvajavaijayantī
Anavatapta
- ma dros pa
- མ་དྲོས་པ།
- anavatapta
Anikṣiptadhura
- brtson pa mi gtong ba
- བརྩོན་པ་མི་གཏོང་བ།
- anikṣiptadhura
Aniruddha
- ma ’gags pa
- མ་འགགས་པ།
- aniruddha
Anupamamati
- dpe med blo gros
- དཔེ་མེད་བློ་གྲོས།
- anupamamati
apasmāraka
- brjed byed
- བརྗེད་བྱེད།
- apasmāraka
apsaras
- lha mo
- ལྷ་མོ།
- apsaras
arhat
- dgra bcom pa
- དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
- arhat
ārya
- ’phags pa
- འཕགས་པ།
- ārya
asaṃkhyeya
- grangs med pa
- གྲངས་མེད་པ།
- asaṃkhyeya
Asaṅga
- thogs med
- ཐོགས་མེད།
- asaṅga
aspects of enlightenment
- byang chub kyi yan lag
- བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག
- bodhyaṅga
asura
- lha ma yin
- ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
- asura
Aśvajit
- rta thul
- རྟ་ཐུལ།
- aśvajit
Avabhāsaprabha
- snang ’od
- སྣང་འོད།
- avabhāsaprabha
Avabhāsaprāptā
- snang ba thob pa
- སྣང་བ་ཐོབ་པ།
- avabhāsaprāptā
avadavat
- ka la ping ka
- ཀ་ལ་པིང་ཀ
- kalaviṅka
Avalokiteśvara
- spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug
- སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དབང་ཕྱུག
- avalokiteśvara
Avīci
- mnar med
- མནར་མེད།
- avīci
āyatana
- skye mched
- སྐྱེ་མཆེད།
- āyatana
Bakkula
- bakku la
- བཀཀུ་ལ།
- bakkula
balacakravartin
- stobs kyi ’khor los sgyur ba
- སྟོབས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བ།
- balacakravartin
Bali
- stobs can
- སྟོབས་ཅན།
- bali
Bandé
- ban de
- བན་དེ།
- bande
basil
- a rdza ka
- ཨ་རྫ་ཀ
- arjaka
bay leaves
- ta ma la’i ’dab ma
- ཏ་མ་ལའི་འདབ་མ།
- tamālapatra
benzoin resin
- dus kyi rjes su ’brang ba
- དུས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
- kālānusārin
beryl
- bai dU rya
- བཻ་དཱུ་རྱ།
- vaiḍūrya
Bhadrā
- bzang po
- བཟང་པོ།
- bhadrā
Bhadrapāla
- bzang skyong
- བཟང་སྐྱོང་།
- bhadrapāla
Bhadrika
- bzang po
- བཟང་པོ།
- bhadrika
bhagavān
- bcom ldan ’das
- བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
- bhagavān
Bhaiṣajyarāja
- sman gyi rgyal po
- སྨན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
- bhaiṣajyarāja
Bhaiṣajyasamudgata
- sman yang dag ’phags
- སྨན་ཡང་དག་འཕགས།
- bhaiṣajyasamudgata
Bharadvāja
- bha ra dwa dza
- བྷ་ར་དྭ་ཛ།
- bharadvāja
Bharadvājasa
- bha ra dwa dza
- བྷ་ར་དྭ་ཛ།
- bharadvājasa
bherī drum
- rnga bo che
- རྔ་བོ་ཆེ།
- bherī
bhikṣu
- dge slong
- དགེ་སློང་།
- bhikṣu
bhikṣuṇī
- dge slong ma
- དགེ་སློང་མ།
- bhikṣuṇī
Bhīṣmagarjitasvararāja
- ’jigs bsgrags dbyangs kyi rgyal po
- འཇིགས་བསྒྲགས་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
- bhīṣmagarjitasvararāja
bhūta
- ’byung po
- འབྱུང་པོ།
- bhūta
bignonia
- skya snar
- སྐྱ་སྣར།
- pāṭalā
bimbā
- bim pa
- བིམ་པ།
- bimbā
blue lotus
- ud pal
- ཨུད་པལ།
- utpala
Bodhimaṇḍa
- byang chub snying po
- བྱང་ཆུབ་སྙིང་པོ།
- bodhimaṇḍa
bodhisattva
- byang chub sems dpa’
- བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།
- bodhisattva
Bodhisattvayāna
- byang chub sems dpa’i theg pa
- བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ཐེག་པ།
- bodhisattvayāna
Brahmā
- tshangs pa
- ཚངས་པ།
- brahmā
Brahmadhvaja
- tshangs pa’i rgyal mtshan
- ཚངས་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
- brahmadhvaja
brahmaka
- tshangs pa
- ཚངས་པ།
- brahmaka
brahmakāyika
- tshangs ris
- ཚངས་རིས།
- brahmakāyika
brahmavihāra
- tshangs pa’i gnas
- ཚངས་པའི་གནས།
- brahmavihāra
brahmin
- bram ze
- བྲམ་ཟེ།
- brāhmaṇa
brother
- tshe dang ldan pa
- ཚེ་དང་ལྡན་པ།
- āyuṣmat
buddha
- sangs rgyas
- སངས་རྒྱས།
- buddha