co.

Table of Contents

s.

Summary

s.­1

The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” is a short dhāraṇī text in which, at Vajrapāṇi’s request, the Buddha Śākyamuni teaches a mantra associated with Mañjuśrī Vādisiṃha that serves as a method for the pacification of suffering.

ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

This publication was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

ac.­2

The text was translated, edited, and introduced by the 84000 translation team. Catherine Dalton produced the translation and wrote the introduction. Ryan Damron edited the translation and the introduction, and Ven. Konchog Norbu copyedited the text. Martina Cotter was in charge of the digital publication process.

i.

Introduction

i.­1

The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” is a short dhāraṇī text in which, at Vajrapāṇi’s request, the Buddha Śākyamuni teaches a mantra associated with Mañjuśrī Vādisiṃha that serves as a method for the pacification of suffering. The text opens at the Vajrāsana, where the Buddha is teaching a large assembly. The bodhisattva Vajrapāṇi makes a request that the Blessed One pacify the suffering of all beings, prompting Śākyamuni to explain that a practitioner who wishes to pacify suffering should meditate on Mañjuśrī Vādisiṃha for six months and recite the mantra that the Buddha then proclaims. The remainder of the text describes the benefits of reciting the mantra, which include the complete pacification of suffering and a vision of a perfect buddha.

i.­2

The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” does not appear to be extant in Sanskrit, or in Chinese translation. It also lacks a translator’s colophon and does not appear in either of the surviving imperial catalogs, or among the texts found in Dunhuang, so not much can be said about the work’s history in Tibet.

i.­3

The text is included in the Compendium of Dhāraṇīs section of the Degé Kangyur and other Tshalpa lineage Kangyurs that include a separate Dhāraṇī section.1 In Tshalpa lineage Kangyurs that lack a section so named, the text is only found in the equivalent but unnamed dhāraṇī collection comprising part of the Tantra section. It is not included in any Themphangma lineage Kangyurs.

i.­4

Notably, the dhāraṇī is one of only twelve works in the Compendium of Dhāraṇīs section that are not duplicated in other sections of the Kangyur. Therefore, it appears that these twelve texts found their way into the Tshalpa lineage Kangyurs specifically because of being part of the Compendium of Dhāraṇīs, which most likely was compiled based on earlier collections of dhāraṇīs and associated ritual texts.2 These collections, known in Sanskrit as dhāraṇī­saṃgraha, circulated throughout South Asia and Tibet‍—as well as in Dunhuang‍—as extracanonical dhāraṇī collections.3

i.­5

The present English translation of The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” was made based on the Degé Kangyur4 recension of this work, with additional reference to the notes from the Comparative Edition (dpe sdur ma). The text is stable across all recensions consulted, with only minor variants. The mantra is rendered in the translation exactly as it appears in the Degé recension of the work.

Text Body

The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering”
1.

The Translation

[F.183.a]



1.­2

Thus did I hear at one time. [F.183.b] The Blessed One was teaching the Dharma to his full assembly at the Vajrāsana. The bodhisattva great being Vajrapāṇi said to him, “O Blessed One! Please pacify the suffering of beings.”

1.­3

The Blessed One replied, “Sons or daughters of noble family who wish to pacify outer, inner, and secret suffering should apply themselves to meditation upon Mañjuśrī Vādisiṃha for six months while reciting this mantra, which is derived from the vowels and consonants of the alphabet:

1.­4

namo ratnatrayāya | namo mañjunāthāya | namo yamāntakāya |

1.­5

tadyathā | oṁ mañjubhara mañjughoṣa hana hana hana daha daha paca paca vece vece bhita bhita iphuta iphuta herate sottani namaḥ sottani pripiśale tang pritahasa prabhinata jaya hūṁ hūṁ hūṁ hūṁ herate sottani hūṁ phaṭ svāhā | oṁ vāgīśvari muṁ mañjughoṣa hana vatisidhoharini svāhā ||

1.­6

“By reciting this mantra just once, they will obtain the dhāraṇī of longevity. If they recite it ten times, they will be able to impartially elucidate wisdom.5 If they recite it a hundred times, the whole world system will tremble. If they recite it a thousand times, all desires will be fulfilled. If they recite it ten thousand times, all suffering will be pacified. If they recite it a hundred thousand times, they will behold the face of a perfect buddha.”

1.­7

When the Blessed One had finished speaking, the bodhisattva great being Vajrapāṇi along with all in the assembly were delighted, and respectfully joined their palms together and praised what the Blessed One had said.

1.­8

This completes The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” taught by the Blessed Śākyamuni.

n.

Notes

n.­1
An explicitly named Compendium of Dhāraṇīs section is found in the Degé and Urga Kangyurs as well as in the peripheral Kangyurs of the Tshalpa lineage (Dodedrak, Phajoding, and Ragya). In contrast, the Berlin, Choné, Lithang, and Peking Qianlong Kangyurs include the same collection of dhāraṇīs in a separate part of their Tantra sections that has no distinct label. With or without the label, these collections of dhāraṇīs contain many duplicates of texts also found in the general sūtra or tantra sections, and in the latter group of Kangyurs many dhāraṇī texts therefore appear twice in different parts of the Tantra section.
n.­2
The opening lines of the table of contents (dkar chag) of an independent dhāraṇī collection printed in Beijing in 1731, found in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest and transcribed by Orosz, identify the source of all such dhāraṇī collections as the extracanonical collection edited by Tāranātha (Orosz 2010, pp. 67 and 100). This mention is also noted by Hidas 2021, p. 7, n. 56.
n.­3
See J. Dalton 2016, and J. Dalton and S. van Schaik 2006, on the dhāraṇī­saṃgraha collections preserved among the Dunhuang finds. Like the canonical collection, they contain not only dhāraṇī texts but also praises and prayers. See Hidas 2021 for the catalogs of eighteen dhāraṇī­saṃgraha collections surviving in Sanskrit.
n.­4

This text, Toh 1024, and all those contained in this same volume (gzungs ’dus, waM), are listed as being located in volume 101 of the Degé Kangyur by the Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC). However, several other Kangyur databases‍—including the eKangyur that supplies the digital input version displayed by the 84000 Reading Room‍—list this work as being located in volume 102. This discrepancy reflects a difference between the recognizably intended order of texts at the end of the Degé Kangyur and the order established by the compilers of the 1934 Tōhoku catalog. The two volumes of the gzungs ’dus section constitute what seems to be an added supplement that, in Situ Panchen’s original Degé dkar chags, are nevertheless mentioned‍—if very briefly and without their content being detailed‍— before the final text, the Vimala­prabhā­nāma­kālacakra­tantra­ṭīkā (dus ’khor ’grel bshad dri med ’od); see Degé dkar chags (Toh 4568), F.156.b–157.a, and also the version in vol. 9 of Situ Panchen’s gsung ’bum, F.246.b–247.a. The Tōhoku compilers, however, number this Kālacakra commentary Toh 845 and give its volume (sh+rI) the number 100, thus placing it, in both text number and volume order, before the two gzungs ’dus volumes e and waM. Further evidence that this Kālacakra commentary is almost certainly intended to come right at the end of the Degé Kangyur texts is the fact that its final fifth chapter is carried over into a final, 103rd volume (lak+S+mI) which it shares with the Kangyur dkar chags‍—an arrangement mentioned in the dkar chags itself (but omitted in the Tōhoku catalog, which gives only volume sh+rI for the whole of Toh 845 and places volume lak+S+mI at the end of the Tengyur). Please note this discrepancy when using the eKangyur viewer in this translation.

n.­5
This translation follows the Choné Kangyur in reading shes rab phyogs med du ’grel. Degé and most of the other recensions read shes rab phyogs med du ’grol, which could mean “they will be liberated in impartial wisdom.” Lithang and Yongle read shes rab phyogs med du ’gral.
b.

Bibliography

Primary Sources

sdug bsngal thams cad rab tu zhi bar byed pa zhes bya ba’i gzungs (Sarva­duḥkha­praśamanakara­nāma­dhāraṇī). Toh 1024, Degé Kangyur vol. 101 (gzungs ’dus, waM), folios 183.a–183.b.

sdug bsngal thams cad rab tu zhi bar byed pa zhes bya ba’i gzungs. ka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 98, pp. 614–16.

Secondary Sources

Dalton, Jacob P. “How Dhāraṇīs WERE Proto-Tantric: Liturgies, Ritual Manuals, and the Origins of the Tantras.” In Tantric Traditions in Transmission and Translation, edited by David Gray and Ryan Richard Overbey, 199–229. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.

dkar chag ’phang thang ma. Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2003.

Hidas, Gergely. Powers of Protection: The Buddhist Tradition of Spells in the Dhāraṇīsaṃgraha Collections. Beyond Boundaries 9. Boston: de Gruyter, 2021.

Kawagoe, Eishin, ed. dKar chag ’Phang thang ma. Tōhoku Indo Chibetto Kenkyū Sōsho 3. Sendai: Tohoku Society for Indo-Tibetan Studies, 2005.

Lalou, Marcelle. “Les textes Bouddhiques au tempes du Roi Khri-sroṅ-lde-bcan.” Journal Asiatique 241 (1953): 313–53.

Negi, J. S. Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary (bod skad legs sbyar gyi tshig mdzod chen mo). 16 vols. Sarnath: Dictionary Unit, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 1993.

Orosz, Gergely. A Catalogue of the Tibetan Manuscripts and Block Prints in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest: Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2010.

g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

Blessed One

  • bcom ldan ’das
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
  • bhagavat

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, this is an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

g.­2

Mañjuśrī

  • ’jam dpal
  • འཇམ་དཔལ།
  • mañjuśrī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Mañjuśrī is one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha” and a bodhisattva who embodies wisdom. He is a major figure in the Mahāyāna sūtras, appearing often as an interlocutor of the Buddha. In his most well-known iconographic form, he is portrayed bearing the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā­pāramitā­sūtra in his left. To his name, Mañjuśrī, meaning “Gentle and Glorious One,” is often added the epithet Kumārabhūta, “having a youthful form.” He is also called Mañjughoṣa, Mañjusvara, and Pañcaśikha.

g.­3

Themphangma Kangyur

  • them spangs ma bka’ ’gyur
  • ཐེམ་སྤངས་མ་བཀའ་འགྱུར།
  • —

One of the two textual lineages of Kangyurs, starting from a manuscript so named that was produced at Gyantsé (rgyal rtse) in 1431. All the Themphangma Kangyurs are manuscript versions.

g.­4

Tshalpa Kangyur

  • tshal pa bka’ ’gyur
  • ཚལ་པ་བཀའ་འགྱུརཾཨརྐུཔ༔་པླེཨསེ་ལིནཀ་ཐིས་ཨེནཏརཡ་ཏོ་ཨཉ་ཨིནསྟནཅེ་ཨོཕ༹་ཐེ་ཝོརད་ཊསལྤ།
  • —

The name of one of the main textual lineages of Kangyurs. It comes from an early version of the Kangyur produced at Tshal Gungthang (tshal gung thang) monastery in central Tibet from 1347–51 under the sponsorship of the local ruler, Tshalpa Künga Dorje (tshal pa kun dga’ rdo rje, 1309–64). Later Kangyurs derived wholly, mainly, or to a significant degree from this original Tshalpa Kangyur manuscript are identified as belonging to the Tshalpa lineage of Kangyurs. They are almost all printed Kangyurs.

g.­5

Vādisiṃha

  • smra ba’i seng ge
  • སྨྲ་བའི་སེང་གེ
  • vādisiṃha

An epithet of Mañjuśrī meaning Lion of Speech.

g.­6

Vajrapāṇi

  • phyag na rdo rje
  • ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ།
  • vajrapāṇi

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Vajrapāṇi means “Wielder of the Vajra.” In the Pali canon, he appears as a yakṣa guardian in the retinue of the Buddha. In the Mahāyāna scriptures he is a bodhisattva and one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha.” In the tantras, he is also regarded as an important Buddhist deity and instrumental in the transmission of tantric scriptures.

g.­7

Vajrāsana

  • rdo rje’i gdan
  • rdo rje gdan
  • རྡོ་རྗེའི་གདན།
  • རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན།
  • vajrāsana

The “vajra seat”; a name for the place in Bodhgaya where the Buddha Śākyamuni, and all buddhas, achieve awakening.

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84000. The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” (Sarva­duḥkha­praśamanakara­dhāraṇī, sdug bsngal thams cad rab tu zhi bar byed pa zhes bya ba’i gzungs, Toh 1024). Translated by 84000 Associate Translators. Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024. https://84000.co/translation/toh1024.Copy
84000. The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” (Sarva­duḥkha­praśamanakara­dhāraṇī, sdug bsngal thams cad rab tu zhi bar byed pa zhes bya ba’i gzungs, Toh 1024). Translated by 84000 Associate Translators, online publication, 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2024, 84000.co/translation/toh1024.Copy
84000. (2024) The Dhāraṇī “Pacifying All Suffering” (Sarva­duḥkha­praśamanakara­dhāraṇī, sdug bsngal thams cad rab tu zhi bar byed pa zhes bya ba’i gzungs, Toh 1024). (84000 Associate Translators, Trans.). Online publication. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha. https://84000.co/translation/toh1024.Copy
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