A buddha in the past.

A buddha in the distant past.

A buddha in the distant past, in a realm to the east.

A buddha in the past.

Literally “The Ascended,” the fourth of eight named buddhas of the past (with the addition of Śākyamuni making nine) in The Four Boys’ Absorption. It has been assumed that this is a variant Tibetan spelling of a buddha of the past whose attested Sanskrit name is elsewhere found in Tibetan as mthor ’phags pa (The Chapter on Medicines [Bhaiṣajyavastu, Toh 1-6], e.g., UT22084-001-006-5407) and shin tu mtho bar gshegs pa (The Stem Array [Gaṇḍavyūha, Toh 44-45], UT22084-037-007-2534–UT22084-037-007-2541), among other variants.

A previous buddha.