The fourth heaven of the realm of form; also the name of the gods living there.

Fifth of the sixteen god realms of form that correspond to the four meditative concentrations, meaning “Little Radiance.”

Lit. “Those Whose Radiated Light Is Circumscribed.” The fourth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa, it is listed as the first of the three heavens that correspond to the second of the four concentrations.

The lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm. The lowest of the paradises that are never destroyed at the end of the kalpa but continue through all kalpas.

The second of the three paradises that are the third dhyāna paradises in the form realm.

Fourth god realm of form, meaning “Lesser Light,” it is the lowest of the three heavens that make up the second dhyāna heaven in the form realm.

“Lesser Light.” The lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm. The lowest paradise that is never destroyed at the end of a kalpa, but continues through all kalpas. In other texts, translated as snang ba chung ngu.

“Lesser Light.” The lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm. The lowest paradise that is never destroyed at the end of a kalpa, but continues through all kalpas. In other texts, translated as snang ba chung ngu.

“Lesser Light.” The lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm. The lowest paradise that is never destroyed at the end of a kalpa, but continues through all kalpas. In other texts translated as snang ba chung ngu.

The fourth god realm of form, this is the lowest of the three heavens that make up the second dhyāna heaven in the form realm.

The fourth heaven of the form realm.

The lowest level of the form realm’s second concentration.

The fourth heaven of the form realm, counting from lowest to highest. Associated with the second state of meditation (dhyāna).

The fourth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the second meditative absorption.

Fourth god realm of form, meaning “Lesser Light,” it is the lowest of the three heavens that make up the second meditative state in the form realm.

First of three heavens of gods on the second concentration level.

A class of gods in the world of form (rūpadhātu).

One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, first of three levels of the second dhyāna realm.

The first of the three classes of gods of the form realm in the second dhyāna. The name is the same for both the location and the inhabitant deities.