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སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོ།

The Great Cloud (2)
Glossary

Mahāmegha

འཕགས་པ་སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ་ལས་ཆར་དབབ་པ་རླུང་གི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གྱི་ལེའུ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རྩ་བཞི་པ་ཆོ་ག་དང་བཅས་པ།

’phags pa sprin chen po theg pa chen po’i mdo las char dbab pa rlung gi dkyil ’khor gyi le’u zhes bya ba drug cu rtsa bzhi pa cho ga dang bcas pa

From the Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra “The Great Cloud,” the Sixty-Fourth Chapter “The Array of Winds That Send Down Rainfall” Together with Its Ritual Manual [colophon title]

Āryamahāmegha

Toh 1063

Degé Kangyur, vol. 101 (gzungs, waM), folios 216.a–229.b

ᴛʀᴀɴsʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛɪʙᴇᴛᴀɴ ʙʏ

Śīlendrabodhi
Jinamitra
Bandé Yeshé Dé

Translated by the Mahamegha Translation Team
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2023

Current version v 1.0.9 (2023)

Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.26.1

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

This work is provided under the protection of a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution - Non-commercial - No-derivatives) 3.0 copyright. It may be copied or printed for fair use, but only with full attribution, and not for commercial advantage or personal compensation. For full details, see the Creative Commons license.

co.

Summary

s.1

This brief discourse is identified more precisely in its colophon as a supplementary chapter from The Great Cloud on “the array of winds that bring down rainfall.” It describes a visit from the Buddha Śākyamuni to the realm of the nāgas. The assembly of nāgas pays homage to the Buddha with a grand panoply of magically emanated offerings, and their king asks him to explain how the nāgas can eliminate their own suffering and aid sentient beings by causing timely rain to fall. The Buddha, in response, extols the benefits of loving-kindness and then teaches them a dhāraṇī that when accompanied by the recitation of a host of buddha names will dispel the nāgas’ suffering and cause crops to grow. At the nāga king’s request, the Buddha then teaches another long dhāraṇī that will cause rain to fall during times of drought. The discourse concludes with instructions for constructing an altar and holding a ritual rainmaking service.

ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.1

This translation was produced by Joshua Capitanio for the Mahamegha translation team. It was further revised by the 84000 editorial team after comparing it with the available Sanskrit sources.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

Introduction

i.1

This text is a short dhāraṇī-sūtra that may be regarded as an addendum to the longer sūtra called The Great Cloud (Toh 232)1 and seems to have been intended for ritual and recitation purposes. The longer discourse is a Mahāyāna scripture that emphasizes bodhisattva conduct and the teaching that the Buddha does not pass into parinirvāṇa. Among the many benefits listed for those who uphold The Great Cloud, timely rainfall is mentioned, and thus the sūtra came to be associated with rainmaking among Indian Buddhists. This short text, which circulated independently of the longer sūtra called The Great Cloud, is presented as the “sixty-fourth chapter” of that longer sūtra, which in all its extant versions contains only thirty-eight chapters.

The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra
The Great Cloud

Ritual Procedure

2.1

One who desires to produce a great rainfall should first go to an open, clean area and erect a blue canopy, decorating it with blue pennants. [F.229.a] The Dharma practitioner should bathe their body, abide by the eightfold precepts, and don clean blue garments. Having anointed themselves with pleasant-smelling incense, they should consume the three white foods and seat themselves upon a blue cushion, facing east. After supplicating all the tathāgatas, they should read aloud this chapter on the array of winds from The Great Cloud, day and night without interruption.

Colophon

c.1

Translated, revised, and finalized according to the new terminology by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra and Śīlendrabodhi and the great editor-translator Bandé Yeshé Dé.

Notes

n.1

Mahamegha Translation Group, trans., The Great Cloud (1) (Mahāmegha), Toh 232 (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2022).

n.2

ldan dkar ma, folio 299.a. See also Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, pp. 193–94.

n.3

These are noted in Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, p. 193.

n.4

Bendall 1880 and Moriguchi 1980. We have also consulted a parallel passage in the manuscript of the Mahāpratyaṅgīrā Mahāvidyārājñī dhāraṇī (British Library, ref. EAP676/16/2).

n.5

Translated based on the Sanskrit śrīmaṇiratnagarbhamahāmeghamaṇḍalakūṭāgāra. The Tibetan could be rendered as “a palace made of a great multitude of śrīgarbha jewel clouds.”

n.6

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Mahāmaṇicūḍa (“Great Jewel Crest”), which appears at this position in the list of nāgas at 1.57.

n.7

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Śrīmat (“Fortunate” or “Eminent”), the Tibetan presumably reading śrīmati.

n.8

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Ābhāsa (“Light”).

n.9

Here the Sanskrit adds the name Mahākṣemaṃkara.

n.10

Here the Tibetan gives the name Great Scent or Great Stain (dri ma chen po), presumably reading mahābala as mahāmala.

n.11

The Sanskrit gives the name Phaluḍa, the meaning of which is not clear.

n.12

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Hastikarṇa (“Elephant’s Ear”).

n.13

Following the Sanskrit. The Tibetan gives the name chu stobs (“Water Power”), perhaps reading udakambala.

n.14

The Tibetan gives the name gser mdog sgra (“Golden Voice”), presumably a corruption of gser mdog skra (“Golden Hair”), which would match the Sanskrit.

n.15

Following the Sanskrit, which means “Cow’s Head.” The Tibet reads bla glang mgo (“Elephant Head”), presumably reading gajaśīrṣa.

n.16

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Masaka (“Mosquito”).

n.17

Following the Sanskrit. The Tibetan reads ngang pa’i gzi brjid, perhaps reading haṃsa (“duck” or “goose”) for saṃha (saṃhata meaning “solid” or “compact”).

n.18

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Jaradratha, which should perhaps be emended to the more plausible Jayadratha, which accords with the Tibetan.

n.19

Here the Sanskrit give the name Vidhura, which is equally plausible.

n.20

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Mahācaṇḍa (“Very Fierce”).

n.21

The Sanskrit repeats Mahāmeghāmbuda (“Great Water-Giving Cloud”) here.

n.22

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Kakuba, which is puzzling. Kakubha means something like “Space Region” or “Sky Quarter” but could also suggest a nāga who lives in a kakubha tree.

n.23

Here the Sanskrit has been emended from Meghasphūdita.

n.24

Following the Sanskrit (“Crow’s Cawing”). The meaning of the Tibetan gser ngad can is not clear.

n.25

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Vidyunnada (“Sound of Lightning”).

n.26

Here the Sanskrit gives the name Vikaṭa (“Monstrous,” implying an unusual or frightening appearance due to size or unusual body features).

Bibliography

sprin chen po (Mahāmegha). Toh 235, Degé Kangyur, vol. 64 (mdo sde, wa), folios 250.b–263.a.

sprin chen po (Mahāmegha). Toh 657, Degé Kangyur vol. 91 (rgyud, ba), folios 163.a–175.b.

sprin chen po (Mahāmegha). Toh 1063, Degé Kangyur vol. 101 (gzungs, waM), folios 216.a–229.b.

sprin chen po (Mahāmegha). Toh 232, Degé Kangyur vol. 64 (mdo sde, wa), folios 113.a–214.b. English translation in Mahamegha Translation Group 2022.

sprin chen po rlung gi dkyil ’khor gyi le’u klu thams cad kyi snying po (Mahāmeghavāyumaṇḍalaparivartasarvanāgahṛdaya). Toh 234, Degé Kangyur, vol. 64 (mdo sde, wa), folios 246.a–250.b.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan[/lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

Phangthangma (dkar chag ’phang thang ma). Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2003.

Bendall, Cecil. “The Megha-Sūtra.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, new series, 12, no. 2 (1880): 286–311.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Mahamegha Translation Group, trans. The Great Cloud (1) (Mahāmeghasūtra, Toh 232). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2022.

Moriguchi Mitsutoshi. “Mahā-megha-sūtra P.64.1.” Taishō daigaku sōgō bukkyō kenkyūjō nenpō 2 (1980): 178–161.

Paramārthanāma Vinirgata Mahāpratyaṅgīrā Mahāvidyārājñī. British Library, ref. EAP676/16/2.

Glossary

Types of attestation for names and terms of the corresponding source language

Attested in source text

This term is attested in a manuscript used as a source for this translation.

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other manuscripts with a parallel or similar context.

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in dictionaries matching Tibetan to the corresponding language.

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where the relationship between the Tibetan and source language is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

Source unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.1

Abiding in the Cloud Abode

sprin gyi gnas la gnas pa

སྤྲིན་གྱི་གནས་ལ་གནས་པ།

g.2

Abundant Clouds

sprin rnam par rgyas

སྤྲིན་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱས།

g.3

affliction

nyon mongs pa

ཉོན་མོངས་པ།

kleśa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure and lead to unwholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind, acting as causes for continued existence in saṃsāra. Included among them are the primary afflictions of desire (rāga), anger (dveṣa), and ignorance (avidyā). It is said that there are eighty-four thousand of these negative mental qualities, for which the eighty-four thousand categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote.

Kleśa is also commonly translated as “negative emotions,” “disturbing emotions,” and so on. The Pāli kilesa, Middle Indic kileśa, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit kleśa all primarily mean “stain” or “defilement.” The translation “affliction” is a secondary development that derives from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of √kliś (“to harm,“ “to afflict”). Both meanings are noted by Buddhist commentators.

g.4

Airāvaṇa

sa srung gi bu

ས་སྲུང་གི་བུ།

airāvaṇa

g.5

All Illuminating

kun tu snang

ཀུན་ཏུ་སྣང་།

g.6

Ambuda

chu sbyin

ཆུ་སྦྱིན།

ambuda

g.7

Amoghadarśana

don yod mthong

དོན་ཡོད་མཐོང་།

amoghadarśana

g.8

Amṛta

bdud rtsi can

བདུད་རྩི་ཅན།

amṛta

g.9

Amṛtadhāra

bdud rtsi rgyun

བདུད་རྩི་རྒྱུན།

amṛtadhāra

g.10

Amṛtasāra

bdud rtsi’i snying po

བདུད་རྩིའི་སྙིང་པོ།

amṛtasāra

g.11

Anantakrama

gom stabs mtha’ yas

གོམ་སྟབས་མཐའ་ཡས།

anantakrama

g.12

Anantaparikarasāgarameghavyūhatejomaṇḍalachartākārarāja

rgya mtsho’i sprin bkod pa’i gzi brjid kyi dkyil ’khor gdugs lta bu’i rgyal po

རྒྱ་མཚོའི་སྤྲིན་བཀོད་པའི་གཟི་བརྗིད་ཀྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གདུགས་ལྟ་བུའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།

anantaparikarasāgarameghavyūhatejomaṇḍalachartākārarāja

g.13

Anavatapta

ma dros pa

མ་དྲོས་པ།

anavatapta

g.14

Aṅgiramukha

ing gi ra’i gdong

ཨིང་གི་རའི་གདོང་།

aṅgiramukha

g.15

Apalāla

sog ma med

སོག་མ་མེད།

apalāla

g.16

Arciḥskandha

’od ’phro phung po

འོད་འཕྲོ་ཕུང་པོ།

arciḥskandha

g.17

Āśīviṣa

myur gdug

མྱུར་གདུག

āśīviṣa

g.18

asura

lha ma yin

ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།

asura

g.19

Aśvaka

mgyogs ’gro

མགྱོགས་འགྲོ།

aśvaka

g.20

Avabhāsanaśikhin

snang ldan gtsug phud can

སྣང་ལྡན་གཙུག་ཕུད་ཅན།

avabhāsanaśikhin

g.21

Baladeva

stobs lha

སྟོབས་ལྷ།

baladeva

g.22

Balāhaka

sprin chen

སྤྲིན་ཆེན།

balāhaka

g.23

Ballira

bal li ra

བལ་ལི་ར།

ballira

g.24

Beautiful Cloud

sprin mdzes

སྤྲིན་མཛེས།

g.25

bhagavān

bcom ldan ’das

བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།

bhagavat

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, this is an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

g.26

Bhagavatī

bcom ldan ’das ma

བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་མ།

g.27

Bharukaccha

dam pa ’gebs

དམ་པ་འགེབས།

bharukaccha

g.28

bhikṣu

dge slong

དགེ་སློང་།

bhikṣu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term bhikṣu, often translated as “monk,” refers to the highest among the eight types of prātimokṣa vows that make one part of the Buddhist assembly. The Sanskrit term literally means “beggar” or “mendicant,” referring to the fact that Buddhist monks and nuns‍—like other ascetics of the time‍—subsisted on alms (bhikṣā) begged from the laity.

In the Tibetan tradition, which follows the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, a monk follows 253 rules as part of his moral discipline. A nun (bhikṣuṇī; dge slong ma) follows 364 rules. A novice monk (śrāmaṇera; dge tshul) or nun (śrāmaṇerikā; dge tshul ma) follows thirty-six rules of moral discipline (although in other vinaya traditions novices typically follow only ten).

g.29

Bhīmaka

skrag byed

སྐྲག་བྱེད།

bhīmaka

g.30

Bhīṣaṇa

’jigs byed

འཇིགས་བྱེད།

bhīṣaṇa

g.31

Bhujaṃgama

lag ’gro

ལག་འགྲོ།

bhujaṃgama

g.32

Bimbika

bim pi ka

བིམ་པི་ཀ

bimbika

g.33

bodhisattva

byang chub sems dpa’

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།

bodhisattva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A being who is dedicated to the cultivation and fulfilment of the altruistic intention to attain perfect buddhahood, traversing the ten bodhisattva levels (daśabhūmi, sa bcu). Bodhisattvas purposely opt to remain within cyclic existence in order to liberate all sentient beings, instead of simply seeking personal freedom from suffering. In terms of the view, they realize both the selflessness of persons and the selflessness of phenomena.

g.34

Brahmā

tshangs pa

ཚངས་པ།

brahmā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world; he is also considered to be the lord of the Sahā world (our universe). Though not considered a creator god in Buddhism, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two gods (the other being Indra/Śakra) said to have first exhorted the Buddha Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are many universes or world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them. His most frequent epithets are “Lord of the Sahā World” (sahāṃpati) and Great Brahmā (mahābrahman).

g.35

Brahmā world

tshangs pa’i ’jig rten

ཚངས་པའི་འཇིག་རྟེན།

brahmaloka

g.36

Bṛhaddruma

sdong chen

སྡོང་ཆེན།

bṛhaddruma

g.37

buddha realm

sangs rgyas kyi yul

སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡུལ།

buddhaviṣaya

g.38

buddhafield

sangs rgyas kyi zhing

སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཞིང་།

buddhakṣetra

g.39

Citrasena

sna tshogs sde

སྣ་ཚོགས་སྡེ།

citrasena

g.40

Cloud Essence

sprin gyi snying po

སྤྲིན་གྱི་སྙིང་པོ།

g.41

Cloud Fulfilling Equanimity’s Splendor

snyoms pa’i gzi brjid sgrub pa’i sprin

སྙོམས་པའི་གཟི་བརྗིད་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྤྲིན།

g.42

Cloud Gatherer

sprin ’du bar mdzad

སྤྲིན་འདུ་བར་མཛད།

g.43

Cloud Light

sprin gyi ’od

སྤྲིན་གྱི་འོད།

g.44

Cloud Light

sprin ’od

སྤྲིན་འོད།

g.45

Cloud Locks

sprin gyi ral pa can

སྤྲིན་གྱི་རལ་པ་ཅན།

g.46

Cloud River

sprin gyi chu bo

སྤྲིན་གྱི་ཆུ་བོ།

g.47

Cloud That Vanquishes All Arrays of Wind

rlung gi dkyil ’khor thams cad rnam par ’joms pa’i sprin

རླུང་གི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཐམས་ཅད་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་པའི་སྤྲིན།

g.48

Cloud-Born Harvest

sprin gyis lo tog skyed

སྤྲིན་གྱིས་ལོ་ཏོག་སྐྱེད།

g.49

Cloud-Like Exaltation

sprin ltar ’phags

སྤྲིན་ལྟར་འཕགས།

g.50

Cloud-Like Resounding

sprin ltar rnam par sgrogs

སྤྲིན་ལྟར་རྣམ་པར་སྒྲོགས།

g.51

Cloud-Like Victory

sprin ltar rnam par ’joms pa

སྤྲིན་ལྟར་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་པ།

g.52

Cloud’s Great Water Endowed with Six Flavors

ro bro ba drug dang ldan pa’i chu chen po’i sprin

རོ་བྲོ་བ་དྲུག་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཆུ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྤྲིན།

g.53

Collected Clouds

sprin sdud

སྤྲིན་སྡུད།

g.54

Complete Cloud Coverage in Times of Drought

char mi ’bab pa na sprin gyis kun du ’gebs pa

ཆར་མི་འབབ་པ་ན་སྤྲིན་གྱིས་ཀུན་དུ་འགེབས་པ།

g.55

Completely Quaking

rnam par g.yo

རྣམ་པར་གཡོ།

g.56

Cūḍāmaṇidhara

gtsug na nor bu thogs

གཙུག་ན་ནོར་བུ་ཐོགས།

cūḍāmaṇidhara

g.57

Dardara

da ra da ra

ད་ར་ད་ར།

dardara

g.58

Deceiver

yon po

ཡོན་པོ།

g.59

dhāraṇī

gzungs

གཟུངས།

dhāraṇī

g.60

Dharaṇiṃdhara

sa ’dzin

ས་འཛིན།

dharaṇiṃdhara

g.61

Dharma body

chos kyi sku

ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ།

dharmakāya

g.62

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

yul ’khor

ཡུལ་འཁོར།

dhṛtarāṣṭra

g.63

Dīptaprabha

’od ’bar

འོད་འབར།

dīptaprabha

g.64

Dīrghapuccha

mjug ring

མཇུག་རིང་།

dīrghapuccha

g.65

discipline

tshul khrims

ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས།

śīla

g.66

Display of All Clouds

sprin kun du ston

སྤྲིན་ཀུན་དུ་སྟོན།

g.67

Dragon’s Roar Resounding

’brug sgra bsgrags

འབྲུག་སྒྲ་བསྒྲགས།

g.68

Dramiḍa

’gro lding

འགྲོ་ལྡིང་།

dramiḍa

g.69

Dripping Cloud

sprin ’dzag

སྤྲིན་འཛག

g.70

Dundubhisvara

rnga sgra

རྔ་སྒྲ།

dundubhisvara

g.71

Earth Vase

sa’i bum pa

སའི་བུམ་པ།

g.72

eight ones

brgyad po

བརྒྱད་པོ།

aṣṭāṅgaka

g.73

eightfold precepts

yan lag brgyad pa

ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ།

aṣṭāṅgaśīla

g.74

Elāpattra

e la’i ’dab ma

ཨེ་ལའི་འདབ་མ།

elāpattra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A nāga king often present in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni. According to the Vinaya, in the time of the Buddha Kāśyapa he had been a monk (bhikṣu) who angrily cut down a thorny bush at the entrance of his cave because it always snagged his robes. Cutting down bushes or even grass is contrary to the monastic rules and he did not confess his action. Therefore, he was reborn as a nāga with a tree growing out of his head, which caused him great pain whenever the wind blew. This tale is found represented in ancient sculpture and is often quoted to demonstrate how small misdeeds can lead to great consequences. See, e.g., Patrul Rinpoche, The Words of My Perfect Teacher.

g.75

Elephant’s Trunk

glang chen sna

གླང་ཆེན་སྣ།

g.76

Expansive Great Cloud

sprin chen bdal

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བདལ།

g.77

Fierce

gtum po

གཏུམ་པོ།

g.78

Filled with Great Clouds

sprin chen pos khebs pa

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོས་ཁེབས་པ།

g.79

five obstacles to rainfall

char pa’i bar chad byed pa lnga

ཆར་པའི་བར་ཆད་བྱེད་པ་ལྔ།

Five conditions that prevent timely rainfall. In a discourse in Chinese translation, the Discourse on the Arising of Worlds (Qishi jing 起世經, Taishō 24, 1:349b1–c14), these are given as (1) The asura king Rāhula emerges from his palace, gathers the rain clouds in both hands, and hurls them into the ocean; (2) The power of the fire element increases, causing the rain clouds to dissipate; (3) The power of the wind element increases, blowing the rain clouds into the desert or the wilderness; (4) The spirits responsible for causing rainfall become derelict in their duties, and thus the rain clouds dissipate without releasing rain; (5) The majority of people in Jambudvīpa become mired in affliction and desire and engage in unethical conduct, so the heavens refuse to send down rain.

g.80

Four Great Kings

rgyal po chen po bzhi

རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི།

caturmahārāja

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Four gods who live on the lower slopes (fourth level) of Mount Meru in the eponymous Heaven of the Four Great Kings (Cāturmahārājika, rgyal chen bzhi’i ris) and guard the four cardinal directions. Each is the leader of a nonhuman class of beings living in his realm. They are Dhṛtarāṣṭra, ruling the gandharvas in the east; Virūḍhaka, ruling over the kumbhāṇḍas in the south; Virūpākṣa, ruling the nāgas in the west; and Vaiśravaṇa (also known as Kubera) ruling the yakṣas in the north. Also referred to as Guardians of the World or World Protectors (lokapāla, ’jig rten skyong ba).

g.81

Gambhīranirghoṣa

dbyangs zab

དབྱངས་ཟབ།

gambhīranirghoṣa

g.82

gandharva

dri za

དྲི་ཟ།

gandharva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of generally benevolent nonhuman beings who inhabit the skies, sometimes said to inhabit fantastic cities in the clouds, and more specifically to dwell on the eastern slopes of Mount Meru, where they are ruled by the Great King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. They are most renowned as celestial musicians who serve the gods. In the Abhidharma, the term is also used to refer to the mental body assumed by sentient beings during the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Gandharvas are said to live on fragrances (gandha) in the desire realm, hence the Tibetan translation dri za, meaning “scent eater.”

g.83

Ganges Water Cloud

gang gA’i chu sprin

གང་གཱའི་ཆུ་སྤྲིན།

g.84

Garjasphoṭaka

’brug sgrogs

འབྲུག་སྒྲོགས།

garjasphoṭaka

g.85

garuḍa

mkha’ lding

མཁའ་ལྡིང་།

garuḍa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Indian mythology, the garuḍa is an eagle-like bird that is regarded as the king of all birds, normally depicted with a sharp, owl-like beak, often holding a snake, and with large and powerful wings. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth. Garuḍa can also be used as a proper name for a king of such creatures.

g.86

Gaveśīrṣa

gaveśīrṣa

g.87

gnosis

ye shes

ཡེ་ཤེས།

jñāna

g.88

god

ལྷ།

deva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In the most general sense the devas‍—the term is cognate with the English divine‍—are a class of celestial beings who frequently appear in Buddhist texts, often at the head of the assemblies of nonhuman beings who attend and celebrate the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas and bodhisattvas. In Buddhist cosmology the devas occupy the highest of the five or six “destinies” (gati) of saṃsāra among which beings take rebirth. The devas reside in the devalokas, “heavens” that traditionally number between twenty-six and twenty-eight and are divided between the desire realm (kāmadhātu), form realm (rūpadhātu), and formless realm (ārūpyadhātu). A being attains rebirth among the devas either through meritorious deeds (in the desire realm) or the attainment of subtle meditative states (in the form and formless realms). While rebirth among the devas is considered favorable, it is ultimately a transitory state from which beings will fall when the conditions that lead to rebirth there are exhausted. Thus, rebirth in the god realms is regarded as a diversion from the spiritual path.

g.89

Goddess Possessing a Garland of Great Clouds

lha mo sprin chen phreng ldan ma

ལྷ་མོ་སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་ལྡན་མ།

g.90

Gopāla

sa skyong

ས་སྐྱོང་།

gopāla

g.91

Great Cloud Arising

sprin chen ’byung

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་།

g.92

Great Cloud Bestowal

sprin chen byin

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བྱིན།

g.93

Great Cloud Emitting Sound

sprin chen sgra ’byin

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྒྲ་འབྱིན།

g.94

Great Cloud Exaltation

sprin chen ’phags

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་འཕགས།

g.95

Great Cloud Expanse

sprin rgya chen

སྤྲིན་རྒྱ་ཆེན།

g.96

Great Cloud Illuminator

sprin chen ’od mdzad

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་འོད་མཛད།

g.97

Great Cloud Incense Body

spos kyi sku

སྤོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ།

g.98

Great Cloud Lion

sprin chen seng ge

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སེང་གེ

g.99

Great Cloud Lord

sprin chen dbang phyug

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དབང་ཕྱུག

g.100

Great Cloud Parasol

sprin chen gdugs

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་གདུགས།

g.101

Great Cloud Producing Rainfall

sprin chen char chu skyes

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཆར་ཆུ་སྐྱེས།

g.102

Great Cloud Spray

chu ’thor sprin chen

ཆུ་འཐོར་སྤྲིན་ཆེན།

g.103

Great Cloud Utpala

sprin chen ud pa la

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཨུད་པ་ལ།

g.104

Great Cloud with the Glorious Color of Stars

sprin chen dpal ldan skar mdog can

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་དཔལ་ལྡན་སྐར་མདོག་ཅན།

g.105

Great Cloud-Like Vision Appearing and Resounding in Space

sprin chen po ltar nam mkha’ mthong nas bsgrags pa

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོ་ལྟར་ནམ་མཁའ་མཐོང་ནས་བསྒྲགས་པ།

g.106

Great Clouds Filling the Ocean

sprin chen rgya mtsho ’gengs

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་འགེངས།

g.107

Great Cloud’s Host of Blazing Lightning

sprin chen po’i glog ’bar ba’i tshogs

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོའི་གློག་འབར་བའི་ཚོགས།

g.108

Great Cooling Cloud’s Deep Roar That Vanquishes Unhappiness

sprin chen bsil ’byung mi dga’ rab ’joms sgra zab sgrogs pa

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་བསིལ་འབྱུང་མི་དགའ་རབ་འཇོམས་སྒྲ་ཟབ་སྒྲོགས་པ།

g.109

Great Multitude of Clouds

sprin gyi dkyil ’khor chen po

སྤྲིན་གྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཆེན་པོ།

g.110

great sage

thub pa chen po

ཐུབ་པ་ཆེན་པོ།

mahāmuni

g.111

Great Thick Cloud

sprin stug chen po

སྤྲིན་སྟུག་ཆེན་པོ།

g.112

Great Water-Giver

chu sbyin chen po

ཆུ་སྦྱིན་ཆེན་པོ།

g.113

Having a Retinue of Clouds

sprin gyi ’khor ldan

སྤྲིན་གྱི་འཁོར་ལྡན།

g.114

Himavat

kha ba can

ཁ་བ་ཅན།

himavat

g.115

Indradhvaja

dbang po’i rgyal mtshan

དབང་པོའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།

indradhvaja

g.116

indranīla

an da rnyil

ཨན་ད་རྙིལ།

indranīla

g.117

Indraprabha

dbang po’i ’od

དབང་པོའི་འོད།

indraprabha

g.118

Indrasena

dbang po sde

དབང་པོ་སྡེ།

indrasena

g.119

Indrayaṣṭi

dbang po’i mchod sdong

དབང་པོའི་མཆོད་སྡོང་།

indrayaṣṭi

g.120

Indrāyudhaśikhara

gtsug phud ’ja’ can

གཙུག་ཕུད་འཇའ་ཅན།

indrāyudhaśikhara

g.121

Infinite Cloud Forms

sprin gzugs mtha’ yas

སྤྲིན་གཟུགས་མཐའ་ཡས།

g.122

Īṣādhāra

gshol mda’ ’dzin

གཤོལ་མདའ་འཛིན།

īṣādhāra

g.123

Jalaṃdhara

chu ’dzin

ཆུ་འཛིན།

jalaṃdhara

g.124

Jambu river

’dzam bu’i chu bo

འཛམ་བུའི་ཆུ་བོ།

g.125

Jambudhvaja

’dzam bu’i rgyal mtshan

འཛམ་བུའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།

jambudhvaja

g.126

Jambudvīpa

’dzam bu’i gling

འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་།

jambudvīpa

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can signify either the known human world, or more specifically the Indian subcontinent, literally “the jambu island/continent.” Jambu is the name used for a range of plum-like fruits from trees belonging to the genus Szygium, particularly Szygium jambos and Szygium cumini, and it has commonly been rendered “rose apple,” although “black plum” may be a less misleading term. Among various explanations given for the continent being so named, one (in the Abhidharmakośa) is that a jambu tree grows in its northern mountains beside Lake Anavatapta, mythically considered the source of the four great rivers of India, and that the continent is therefore named from the tree or the fruit. Jambudvīpa has the Vajrāsana at its center and is the only continent upon which buddhas attain awakening.

g.127

Jarāyana

rga ba ’byung

རྒ་བ་འབྱུང་།

jarāyana

g.128

Jyotīrasa

skar mdog

སྐར་མདོག

jyotīrasa

g.129

Kākanāda

gser ngad can

གསེར་ངད་ཅན།

kākanāda

g.130

Kālaka

nag po

ནག་པོ།

kālaka

g.131

Kambala

kambala

g.132

Kambudhāra

dung thogs

དུང་ཐོགས།

kambudhāra

g.133

Kanakaprabha

gser ’od

གསེར་འོད།

kanakaprabha

g.134

Kharakarṇa

rna rtsub

རྣ་རྩུབ།

kharakarṇa

g.135

king of jewels

nor bu’i rgyal po

ནོར་བུའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།

maṇirāja

g.136

King of Sages

thub pa’i rgyal po

ཐུབ་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།

munirāja

g.137

kinnara

mi ’am ci

མི་འམ་ཅི།

kinnara

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name‍—which means “is that human?”‍—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. Kinnaras are mythological beings found in both Buddhist and Brahmanical literature, where they are portrayed as creatures half human, half animal. They are often depicted as highly skilled celestial musicians.

g.138

Kṛmiśa

srin bu gnas

སྲིན་བུ་གནས།

kṛmiśa

g.139

Kṛṣṇa

nag po

ནག་པོ།

kṛṣṇa

g.140

Kṣemaṃkara

bde byed

བདེ་བྱེད།

kṣemaṃkara

g.141

Kumbhīra

chu srin kun b+hi ra

ཆུ་སྲིན་ཀུན་བྷི་ར།

kumbhīra

g.142

Kumbhīramukha

chu srin kun b+ha ra’i gdong

ཆུ་སྲིན་ཀུན་བྷ་རའི་གདོང་།

kumbhīramukha

g.143

Kumudākara

ku mu da’i ’byung gnas

ཀུ་མུ་དའི་འབྱུང་གནས།

kumudākara

g.144

Lady Adorned by Clouds

sprin gyis rnam par brgyan ma

སྤྲིན་གྱིས་རྣམ་པར་བརྒྱན་མ།

g.145

Lady Bearer of Great Clouds’ Water

sprin chen po’i chu ’dzin ma

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོའི་ཆུ་འཛིན་མ།

g.146

Lady Bright Cloud

sprin gsal ma

སྤྲིན་གསལ་མ།

g.147

Lady Bringing Harvest

lo thog ’ongs sgrub ma

ལོ་ཐོག་འོངས་སྒྲུབ་མ།

g.148

Lady Cloud Born

sprin ’byung ma

སྤྲིན་འབྱུང་མ།

g.149

Lady Cloud Dweller

sprin bzhugs ma

སྤྲིན་བཞུགས་མ།

g.150

Lady Cloud Garland Wearer

sprin gyi phreng ba mnga’ ma

སྤྲིན་གྱི་ཕྲེང་བ་མངའ་མ།

g.151

Lady Cloud Home

sprin la gnas bcas ma

སྤྲིན་ལ་གནས་བཅས་མ།

g.152

Lady Cloud Mount

sprin bcibs ma

སྤྲིན་བཅིབས་མ།

g.153

Lady Cloud Roar

sprin sgrogs ma

སྤྲིན་སྒྲོགས་མ།

g.154

Lady Cloud Source

sprin gyi ’byung gnas ma

སྤྲིན་གྱི་འབྱུང་གནས་མ།

g.155

Lady Cool

bsil reg ma

བསིལ་རེག་མ།

g.156

Lady Dragon’s Roar

’brug sgrogs ma

འབྲུག་སྒྲོགས་མ།

g.157

Lady Endowed with a Great Cloud Garland

sprin chen phreng ldan ma

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་ལྡན་མ།

g.158

Lady Endowed with Nine Heads

dbu dgu dang ldan ma

དབུ་དགུ་དང་ལྡན་མ།

g.159

Lady Great Cloud Water Bearer

sprin chen chu ’dzin

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ཆུ་འཛིན།

g.160

Lady Holding Clouds as Offerings

mchod phyir sprin thogs ma

མཆོད་ཕྱིར་སྤྲིན་ཐོགས་མ།

g.161

Lady Mountain Dweller

ri sul na bzhugs ma

རི་སུལ་ན་བཞུགས་མ།

g.162

Lady Mounted on Arrayed Clouds

sprin bkod pa la bcibs ma

སྤྲིན་བཀོད་པ་ལ་བཅིབས་མ།

g.163

Lady Possessed of Clouds

sprin ldan ma

སྤྲིན་ལྡན་མ།

g.164

Lady Possessed of Great Clouds

sprin chen ldan ma

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་ལྡན་མ།

g.165

Lady Roar

sgra sgrogs ma

སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས་མ།

g.166

Lady Seasonal Cloud

dus sprin ma

དུས་སྤྲིན་མ།

g.167

Lady Swift Departure

shin tu mgyogs par bzhud ma

ཤིན་ཏུ་མགྱོགས་པར་བཞུད་མ།

g.168

Lady Wearing Cloud-Like Raiment

sprin lta bu’i na bza’ man bsam

སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུའི་ན་བཟའ་མན་བསམ།

g.169

Lady Who Abides in Vast Clouds

rgya chen sprin bzhugs ma

རྒྱ་ཆེན་སྤྲིན་བཞུགས་མ།

g.170

Lady Who Holds All Slitherers

lag gis ’gro thams cad ’dzin ma

ལག་གིས་འགྲོ་ཐམས་ཅད་འཛིན་མ།

g.171

Lady Who Holds the Six Extracted Essences

pon tra bcud kyis len drug ’dzin ma

པོན་ཏྲ་བཅུད་ཀྱིས་ལེན་དྲུག་འཛིན་མ།

g.172

Lady Who Incites Nāgas

klu’i tshogs la skul ma

ཀླུའི་ཚོགས་ལ་སྐུལ་མ།

g.173

Lady Who Manifests the Great Nāgas

klu chen rnam par rol mdzad ma

ཀླུ་ཆེན་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་མཛད་མ།

g.174

Lady Whose Domain Is a Great Storm

tshub ma chen po spyod yul ma

ཚུབ་མ་ཆེན་པོ་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་མ།

g.175

Lady with a Cloud Crown

sprin gyi cod pan ldan ma

སྤྲིན་གྱི་ཅོད་པན་ལྡན་མ།

g.176

Lady with a Garland of Lightning

klog tshogs phreng ldan ma

ཀློག་ཚོགས་ཕྲེང་ལྡན་མ།

g.177

Lady with the Domain of All Strong Poisons

dug drag po thams cad spyod yul ma

དུག་དྲག་པོ་ཐམས་ཅད་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་མ།

g.178

Lambura

’phyang ba

འཕྱང་བ།

lambura

g.179

Lāṅgula

’jug ma

འཇུག་མ།

lāṅgula

g.180

Like a Cloud of Great Precious Jewels

nor bu rin po che chen po'i sprin lta bu

ནོར་བུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ།

g.181

Mahābala

mahābala

g.182

Mahābhujaṃga

lag gis ’gro chen po

ལག་གིས་འགྲོ་ཆེན་པོ།

mahābhujaṃga

g.183

Mahābhujaṃgama

lag ’gro chen po

ལག་འགྲོ་ཆེན་པོ།

mahābhujaṃgama

g.184

Mahāgandhakusuma

me tog dri chen

མེ་ཏོག་དྲི་ཆེན།

mahāgandhakusuma

g.185

Mahāghora

drag po chen po

དྲག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།

mahāghora

g.186

Mahāketudhvaja

tog chen po’i rgyal mtshan

ཏོག་ཆེན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།

mahāketudhvaja

g.187

Mahāmaṇḍalika

dkyil ’khor chen po can

དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཆེན་པོ་ཅན།

mahāmaṇḍalika

g.188

Mahāmaṇicūḍa

gtsug na nor bu chen po

གཙུག་ན་ནོར་བུ་ཆེན་པོ།

mahāmaṇicūḍa

g.189

Mahāmeghagarbha

sprin chen snying po

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་སྙིང་པོ།

mahāmeghagarbha

g.190

Mahāmeghāmbuda

chu sbyin sprin chen

ཆུ་སྦྱིན་སྤྲིན་ཆེན།

mahāmeghāmbuda

g.191

Mahānirnādanādin

cher sgrogs

ཆེར་སྒྲོགས།

mahānirnādanādin

g.192

Mahāpāśa

zhags pa chen po

ཞགས་པ་ཆེན་པོ།

mahāpāśa

g.193

Mahāphaṇaka

gdengs ka chen

གདེངས་ཀ་ཆེན།

mahāphaṇaka

g.194

Mahāpracaṇḍa

rab tu cher gtums

རབ་ཏུ་ཆེར་གཏུམས།

mahāpracaṇḍa

g.195

Mahāpravarṣaka

rab tu char ’bebs chen po

རབ་ཏུ་ཆར་འབེབས་ཆེན་པོ།

mahāpravarṣaka

g.196

Mahāśarīra

lus chen

ལུས་ཆེན།

mahāśarīra

g.197

Mahātejas

gzi chen

གཟི་ཆེན།

mahātejas

g.198

Mahāvidyujjvāla

glog ’od chen po

གློག་འོད་ཆེན་པོ།

mahāvidyujjvāla

g.199

Mahāvikrama

rtsal chen

རྩལ་ཆེན།

mahāvikrama

g.200

mahoraga

lto ’phye chen po

ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ།

mahoraga

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally “great serpents,” mahoragas are supernatural beings depicted as large, subterranean beings with human torsos and heads and the lower bodies of serpents. Their movements are said to cause earthquakes, and they make up a class of subterranean geomantic spirits whose movement through the seasons and months of the year is deemed significant for construction projects.

g.201

Manasvin

gzi can

གཟི་ཅན།

manasvin

g.202

Maṇicūḍa

gtsug na nor bu

གཙུག་ན་ནོར་བུ།

maṇicūḍa

g.203

Maṇikaṇṭha

mgul na nor bu

མགུལ་ན་ནོར་བུ།

maṇikaṇṭha

g.204

māra

bdud

བདུད།

māra

g.205

Meghacandra

sprin zla

སྤྲིན་ཟླ།

meghacandra

g.206

Meghacchatra

sprin gdugs

སྤྲིན་གདུགས།

meghacchatra

g.207

Meghaśaktika

sprin mthu can

སྤྲིན་མཐུ་ཅན།

meghaśaktika

g.208

Meghasambhava

sprin byung

སྤྲིན་བྱུང་།

meghasambhava

g.209

Meghasphuṭita

sprin las mngon byung

སྤྲིན་ལས་མངོན་བྱུང་།

meghasphūdita

g.210

Megheśvararāja

sprin gyi dbang phyug rgyal po

སྤྲིན་གྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ།

megheśvararāja

g.211

Mucilinda

btang bzung

བཏང་བཟུང་།

mucilinda

g.212

Naḍa

’dam bu

འདམ་བུ།

naḍa

g.213

nāga

ཀླུ།

nāga

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of nonhuman beings who live in subterranean aquatic environments, where they guard wealth and sometimes also teachings. Nāgas are associated with serpents and have a snakelike appearance. In Buddhist art and in written accounts, they are regularly portrayed as half human and half snake, and they are also said to have the ability to change into human form. Some nāgas are Dharma protectors, but they can also bring retribution if they are disturbed. They may likewise fight one another, wage war, and destroy the lands of others by causing lightning, hail, and flooding.

g.214

nāga king

klu’i rgyal po

ཀླུའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།

nāgarāja

g.215

nāga lord

klu’i bdag po

ཀླུའི་བདག་པོ།

nāgādhipati

g.216

Nāga Mother Bhagavatī

klu’i yum bcom ldan ’das ma

ཀླུའི་ཡུམ་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་མ།

g.217

Nāgakulodbhavameghavirājita

klu’i rigs las byung ba sprin gyis rnam par mdzes

ཀླུའི་རིགས་ལས་བྱུང་བ་སྤྲིན་གྱིས་རྣམ་པར་མཛེས།

nāgakulodbhavameghavirājita

g.218

Nāgasena

klu sde

ཀླུ་སྡེ།

nāgasena

g.219

Nāgaśūra

klu dpa’

ཀླུ་དཔའ།

nāgaśūra

g.220

Naladatta

’dam bu byin

འདམ་བུ་བྱིན།

naladatta

g.221

Nanda

dga’ bo

དགའ་བོ།

nanda

g.222

Nandika

dga’ bar byed pa

དགའ་བར་བྱེད་པ།

nandika

g.223

Naradatta

mis byin

མིས་བྱིན།

naradatta

g.224

Nārāyaṇa

sred med kyi bu

སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ།

nārāyaṇa

g.225

Nimindhara

mu khyud ’dzin

མུ་ཁྱུད་འཛིན།

nimindhara

g.226

Noble Intelligence

dpal gyi blo gros

དཔལ་གྱི་བློ་གྲོས།

g.227

non-returner

phyir mi ’ong ba

ཕྱིར་མི་འོང་བ།

anāgāmin

g.228

Nuta

nu ta

ནུ་ཏ།

g.229

once-returner

lan cig phyir ’ong ba

ལན་ཅིག་ཕྱིར་འོང་བ།

sakṛdāgāmin

g.230

Pādapa

rkang pas ’thung

རྐང་པས་འཐུང་།

pādapa

g.231

Padmaka

pad ma ka

པད་མ་ཀ

g.232

Pañcaśīrṣa

mgo lnga

མགོ་ལྔ།

pañcaśīrṣa

g.233

Pauṇḍra

mdongs bu

མདོངས་བུ།

pauṇḍra

g.234

Piṅgala

ser skya

སེར་སྐྱ།

piṅgala

g.235

Pleasant Appearance Great Cloud

blta sdug sprin chen

བལྟ་སྡུག་སྤྲིན་ཆེན།

g.236

Powerful Cloud-Like Hero

rtsal gyis sprin ltar dpa’ bo

རྩལ་གྱིས་སྤྲིན་ལྟར་དཔའ་བོ།

g.237

Powerful Great Cloud Hero

sprin chen mthu rtsal dpa’ bo

སྤྲིན་ཆེན་མཐུ་རྩལ་དཔའ་བོ།

g.238

Pralamba

rab ’phyang

རབ་འཕྱང་།

pralamba

g.239

Prasphoṭaka

rab ’joms

རབ་འཇོམས།

prasphoṭaka

g.240

pratyekabuddha

rang sangs rgyas

རང་སངས་རྒྱས།

pratyekabuddha

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Literally, “buddha for oneself” or “solitary realizer.” Someone who, in his or her last life, attains awakening entirely through their own contemplation, without relying on a teacher. Unlike the awakening of a fully realized buddha (samyaksambuddha), the accomplishment of a pratyekabuddha is not regarded as final or ultimate. They attain realization of the nature of dependent origination, the selflessness of the person, and a partial realization of the selflessness of phenomena, by observing the suchness of all that arises through interdependence. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary merit, compassion or motivation to teach others. They are named as “rhinoceros-like” (khaḍgaviṣāṇakalpa) for their preference for staying in solitude or as “congregators” (vargacārin) when their preference is to stay among peers.

g.241

Precious Jewel Crest

gtsug na nor bu rin po che

གཙུག་ན་ནོར་བུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།

g.242

Priyadarśana

mthong dga’

མཐོང་དགའ།

priyadarśana

g.243

Rain Cloud

char sprin gyi sprin

ཆར་སྤྲིན་གྱི་སྤྲིན།

g.244

Rajaniṃdhara

mtshan mo ’dzin

མཚན་མོ་འཛིན།

rajaniṃdhara

g.245

Ratnāmbuda

rin chen chu sbyin

རིན་ཆེན་ཆུ་སྦྱིན།

ratnāmbuda

g.246

Ratnanetra

rin chen mig

རིན་ཆེན་མིག

ratnanetra

g.247

Resounding of the Drum Tones Pervading All Ten Directions of the Brilliant Maṇḍala Arisen from Clouds

sprin las byung ba snang bar byed pa’i dkyil ’khor phyogs bcu mtho ’gebs rnga’i sgra dbyangs shin tu rab sgrogs

སྤྲིན་ལས་བྱུང་བ་སྣང་བར་བྱེད་པའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་མཐོ་འགེབས་རྔའི་སྒྲ་དབྱངས་ཤིན་ཏུ་རབ་སྒྲོགས།

g.248

Sāgara

rgya mtsho

རྒྱ་མཚོ།

sāgara

g.249

Sāgaramegha

rgya mtsho’i sprin

རྒྱ་མཚོའི་སྤྲིན།

sāgaramegha

g.250

Sahasraśīrṣa

mgo stong can

མགོ་སྟོང་ཅན།

sahasraśīrṣa

g.251

Śakra

brgya byin

བརྒྱ་བྱིན།

śakra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The lord of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three (trāyastriṃśa). Alternatively known as Indra, the deity that is called “lord of the gods” dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation brgya byin (meaning “one hundred sacrifices”) is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. Each world with a central Sumeru has a Śakra. Also known by other names such as Kauśika, Devendra, and Śacipati.

g.252

Samantabhadra

kun tu bzang po

ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ།

samantabhadra

g.253

Saṃghaṭṭaśabda

’khrug sgra

འཁྲུག་སྒྲ།

saṃghaṭṭaśabda

g.254

Saṃhatana

saṃhatana

g.255

Śaṅkha

dung

དུང་།

śaṅkha

g.256

Śāntin

zhi ba

ཞི་བ།

śāntin

g.257

Saptaśīrṣa

mgo bdun

མགོ་བདུན།

saptaśīrṣa

g.258

Śaśiketuprabha

zla ba’i rgyal mtshan ’od

ཟླ་བའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་འོད།

śaśiketuprabha

g.259

Śaśitejas

zla ba’i gzi brjid

ཟླ་བའི་གཟི་བརྗིད།

śaśitejas

g.260

Soarer

’phur lding

འཕུར་ལྡིང་།

g.261

Somadarśana

zla mthong

ཟླ་མཐོང་།

somadarśana

g.262

Sphāraśīrṣa

mgo bo che

མགོ་བོ་ཆེ།

sphāraśīrṣa

g.263

Splendor of Glorious Clouds

dpal ldan sprin gyi gzi brjid

དཔལ་ལྡན་སྤྲིན་གྱི་གཟི་བརྗིད།

g.264

Śrāmaṇa

dge tshul

དགེ་ཚུལ།

śrāmaṇa

g.265

Śrībhadra

dpal bzang

དཔལ་བཟང་།

śrībhadra

g.266

Śrīgarbha

dpal gyi snying po

དཔལ་གྱི་སྙིང་པོ།

śrīgarbha

g.267

Śrītejas

dpal gyi gzi brjid

དཔལ་གྱི་གཟི་བརྗིད།

śrītejas

g.268

stream enterer

rgyun du zhugs pa

རྒྱུན་དུ་ཞུགས་པ།

srota-āpanna

g.269

Sudarśana

legs mthong

ལེགས་མཐོང་།

sudarśana

g.270

Sughoṣa

dbyangs snyan

དབྱངས་སྙན།

sughoṣa

g.271

Sundara

rab mdzes

རབ་མཛེས།

sundara

g.272

Sunetra

mig bzang

མིག་བཟང་།

sunetra

g.273

Supratiṣṭhita

shin tu brtan

ཤིན་ཏུ་བརྟན།

supratiṣṭhita

g.274

Śūrasena

dpa’ sde

དཔའ་སྡེ།

śūrasena

g.275

Sūryaprabha

nyi ’od

ཉི་འོད།

sūryaprabha

g.276

Suṣeṇa

sde bzang

སྡེ་བཟང་།

suṣeṇa

g.277

Suṣeṇa

cha byad mdzes

ཆ་བྱད་མཛེས།

suṣeṇa

g.278

Sutejas

gzi brjid mdzes

གཟི་བརྗིད་མཛེས།

sutejas

g.279

Suvarṇakeśa

suvarṇakeśa

g.280

Svastika

bkra shis ldan

བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལྡན།

svastika

g.281

Śvetaka

dkar po

དཀར་པོ།

śvetaka

g.282

Takṣaka

’jog po

འཇོག་པོ།

takṣaka

g.283

tathāgata

de bzhin gshegs pa

དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ།

tathāgata

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A frequently used synonym for buddha. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-āgata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha(tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has departed in the wake of the buddhas of the past, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence. It is also often used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

g.284

Tejasvin

gzi brjid can

གཟི་བརྗིད་ཅན།

tejasvin

g.285

ten precious jewels

rin po che bcu

རིན་པོ་ཆེ་བཅུ།

g.286

three sweets

mngar gsum

མངར་གསུམ།

g.287

three white foods

dkar gsum

དཀར་གསུམ།

g.288

Tīkṣṇaka

rnon po

རྣོན་པོ།

tīkṣṇaka

g.289

Tīrthaka

mu stegs can

མུ་སྟེགས་ཅན།

tīrthaka

g.290

Toad

sbal pa

སྦལ་པ།

g.291

trichiliocosm

stong gsum gyi stong chen po

སྟོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྟོང་ཆེན་པོ།

trisāhasramahāsāhasra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000^³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvisāhasramahāsāhasralokadhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems, each with its own Mount Sumeru, continents, sun and moon, etc.

g.292

Triśīrṣa

mgo gsum

མགོ་གསུམ།

triśīrṣa

g.293

Udayana

’char ’od

འཆར་འོད།

udayana

g.294

Uddhura

mchog tu brtson

མཆོག་ཏུ་བརྩོན།

uddhura

g.295

Ugrakrodha

drag shul can

དྲག་ཤུལ་ཅན།

ugrakrodha

g.296

Unfathomable Space

mkha’ dpag med

མཁའ་དཔག་མེད།

g.297

Upadardara

u pa da ra da ra

ཨུ་པ་ད་ར་ད་ར།

upadardara

g.298

Upanaḍa

nye ba’i ’dam bu

ཉེ་བའི་འདམ་བུ།

upanaḍa

g.299

Upananda

nye dga’ bo

ཉེ་དགའ་བོ།

upananda

g.300

Utpalaka

ud pal

ཨུད་པལ།

utpalaka

g.301

Uttaraka

bla ma

བླ་མ།

uttaraka

g.302

Vaḍabāmukha

rgya mtsho’i glong

རྒྱ་མཚོའི་གློང་།

vaḍabāmukha

g.303

Vaiḍūryaprabha

bai dUr+ya’i ’od

བཻ་དཱུརྱའི་འོད།

vaiḍūryaprabha

g.304

Vairocana

rnam par snang bar byed pa

རྣམ་པར་སྣང་བར་བྱེད་པ།

vairocana

g.305

Vairocanagarbhamahāmegha

rnam par snang mdzad snying po can gyi sprin chen po

རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད་སྙིང་པོ་ཅན་གྱི་སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོ།

vairocanagarbhamahāmegha

g.306

Vaiśvānaratejas

gzi brjid me ’dra

གཟི་བརྗིད་མེ་འདྲ།

vaiśvānaratejas

g.307

Vajrapāṇi

rdo rje ’chang

རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་།

vajrapāṇi

g.308

Vanquishing Untimely Clouds and Lightning

dus ma yin pa’i sprin dang lce ’bab pa rnam par ’joms pa

དུས་མ་ཡིན་པའི་སྤྲིན་དང་ལྕེ་འབབ་པ་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་པ།

g.309

Varṣadhāra

char rgyun

ཆར་རྒྱུན།

varṣadhāra

g.310

Varuṇa

chu lha

ཆུ་ལྷ།

varuṇa

g.311

Vāsuki

nor rgyas kyi bu

ནོར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བུ།

vāsuki

g.312

Victorious Chariot

shing rtas rgyal

ཤིང་རྟས་རྒྱལ།

g.313

Vidyujjvāla

glog ’bar

གློག་འབར།

vidyujjvāla

g.314

Vidyunmālin

glog gi phreng

གློག་གི་ཕྲེང་།

vidyunmālin

g.315

Vigatakrodha

khro med

ཁྲོ་མེད།

vigatakrodha

g.316

Vimalatejas

dri med gzi brjid

དྲི་མེད་གཟི་བརྗིད།

vimalatejas

g.317

Vinardita

rnam par sgra ’byin

རྣམ་པར་སྒྲ་འབྱིན།

vinardita

g.318

Vinīta

rnam par dul

རྣམ་པར་དུལ།

vinīta

g.319

Vīra

dpa’ ba

དཔའ་བ།

vīra

g.320

Viṣaṃdhara

dug ’dzin

དུག་འཛིན།

viṣaṃdhara

g.321

Viṣogra

dug drag

དུག་དྲག

viṣogra

g.322

Visphoṭaka

rnam par ’joms

རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས།

visphoṭaka

g.323

Visphūrjita

mthu bsgyings

མཐུ་བསྒྱིངས།

visphūrjita

g.324

Vitara

bi ta ra

བི་ཏ་ར།

g.325

Vṛkodara

spyang lto

སྤྱང་ལྟོ།

vṛkodara

g.326

Water-Holding Cloud

sprin gyi chu ’dzin

སྤྲིན་གྱི་ཆུ་འཛིན།

g.327

Wearing Cloud-Like Garments

sprin lta bu’i na bza’ mnabs pa

སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུའི་ན་བཟའ་མནབས་པ།

g.328

worthy one

dgra bcom pa

དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།

arhat

g.329

yakṣa

gnod sbyin

གནོད་སྦྱིན།

yakṣa

g.330

Yama

gshin rje

གཤིན་རྗེ།

yama

The Great Cloud (2) Glossary

Toh 1063

Imprint

Text Body

Attested in source text

Attested in other text

Attested in dictionary

Approximate attestation

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

Source unspecified

Abiding in the Cloud Abode

Abundant Clouds

affliction

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Airāvaṇa

All Illuminating

Ambuda

Amoghadarśana

Amṛta

Amṛtadhāra

Amṛtasāra

Anantakrama

Ananta­parikara­sāgara­megha­vyūha­tejo­maṇḍala­chartākāra­rāja

Anavatapta

Aṅgiramukha

Apalāla

Arciḥskandha

Āśīviṣa

asura

Aśvaka

Avabhāsanaśikhin

Baladeva

Balāhaka

Ballira

Beautiful Cloud

bhagavān

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Bhagavatī

Bharukaccha

bhikṣu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Bhīmaka

Bhīṣaṇa

Bhujaṃgama

Bimbika

bodhisattva

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Brahmā

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Brahmā world

Bṛhaddruma

buddha realm

buddhafield

Citrasena

Cloud Essence

Cloud Fulfilling Equanimity’s Splendor

Cloud Gatherer

Cloud Light

Cloud Light

Cloud Locks

Cloud River

Cloud That Vanquishes All Arrays of Wind

Cloud-Born Harvest

Cloud-Like Exaltation

Cloud-Like Resounding

Cloud-Like Victory

Cloud’s Great Water Endowed with Six Flavors

Collected Clouds

Complete Cloud Coverage in Times of Drought

Completely Quaking

Cūḍāmaṇidhara

Dardara

Deceiver

dhāraṇī

Dharaṇiṃdhara

Dharma body

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

The Great Cloud (2)
Glossary

Anantaparikarasāgarameghavyūhatejomaṇḍalachartākārarāja