The Chapter on Disputes (Toh 1, ch. 16) describes the seven means for “quelling” or “settling” a dispute as (1) quell in person (Tib. mngon sum zhi ba; Skt. saṃmukhaṃ śamatha); (2) through recourse to memory (Tib. dran ’dul ’os; Skt. smṛtyāvinaya); (3) dismissing by reason of insanity (Tib. ma myos ’dul ’os; Skt. amūḍhavinaya); (4) by votes (tshul shing dag ni blang ba; Skt. chalākāgrahaṇa); (5) carrying out an investigation into the nature of an issue (Tib. de yi ngo bo tshol gzhug; Skt. tatsvabhāvaiṣīya); (6) by sweeping it under the rug or, more literally, spreading over with grass (Tib. rtswa bkram lta bur ’os pa; Skt. tṛṇaprastāraka); and (7) by taking an oath (Tib. khas blang bar ’os pa; Skt. pratijñākāraka). The Pratimokṣa Sūtra (Toh 2) and The Chapter on Minor Matters of the Discipline (Kṣudrakavastu, Toh 6) give similar lists of the “seven means to quell disputes.” The Chapter on Minor Matters of the Discipline gives (1) calming through appeal to the obvious; (2) calming through appeal to mindfulness (e.g., of what is appropriate); (3) calming through nondistraction; (4) investigating the nature; (5) appeal to the majority; (6) urging the establishment of an oath; and (7) drawing straws (Orgyan Nordrang 2008, vol. 2, p. 1697).