See “transgression.”

The different offenses monks and nuns may incur are divided into five types: defeats, saṅgha remnants, transgressions, confessable offenses, and misdeeds. Other offenses recorded in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya are classed under one of the above five.

Actions of body, speech, and mind that cause one to “fall from” the path to awakening, and in the worst cases fall to the lower realms of existence. Also rendered here as “downfall.”