Fifth of the negative actions to be renounced under the five precepts. The Pali majja and Sanskrit madya simply mean “intoxicating [beverage].” The Tibetan chang likewise refers generally to all alcoholic drinks (fermented and distilled). The entire phrase could be interpreted as a “drinking binge” or “carousal.” In ancient South Asia, a fermented alcoholic drink called surā was known and produced for centuries. Surā was mostly made from grain, but other alcoholic drinks were made using fruit and honey (see McHugh 2021).