Four negative appropriations: that of desire, that of view, that of the view of the self, and that of moral supremacy.

These comprise (1) desire (rāga, ’dod pa), (2) views (dṛṣṭi, lta ba), (3) ethical disciple and asceticism (śīlavrata, tshul khrims brtul zhugs), and (4) self-promotion (ātmavāda, bdag tu smra ba). See Zhang Yisun: p. 967.