A country.

The present-day Gandhara region was located in northwest Pakistan and northeast Afghanistan. This region was historically important for the development of Buddhism. In this chapter, Gandhara is identified as the region in which the dwelling place of bodhisattvas called Cave of Provisions is located.

An ancient kingdom once located in northwestern India in what is now Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. It lasted from around the sixth century ʙᴄᴇ to the eleventh century ᴄᴇ and attained its height in the first to fifth centuries under the Buddhist Kushan kings.

Name of a region in present-day eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.

A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.

A geographical location in this sūtra.