Thinking that someone harms oneself, harms someone dear to oneself, or benefits someone dear to oneself, each in the present, past, or future.

The nine causes of resentment are thinking that someone has done, is doing, or will do injury to oneself; thinking that someone has done, is doing, or will do injury to someone dear to oneself; and thinking that someone has done, is doing, or will do a favor to someone who is hateful to oneself.

In his Gateway to Knowledge, Mipham identifies three groups of three thoughts that inspire aggression: (1–3) the thoughts, “This has hurt me,” “This is hurting me,” and “This will hurt me”; (4–6) the thoughts “This has hurt someone dear to me,” “This is hurting someone dear to me,” and “This will hurt someone dear to me”; and (7–9) the thoughts, “This has helped my enemy,” “This helps my enemy,” and “This will help my enemy” (mi pham rgyam mtsho 1978, p. 74).

That one has been harmed by an enemy, that one’s loved ones have been harmed, or that one’s enemies have been helped, each in the past, present, or future respectively.

Thinking that one’s enemy has harmed, is harming, or will harm oneself; thinking that one’s enemy has harmed, is harming, or will harm one’s friend; and thinking that someone has helped, is helping, or will help one’s enemy.