A type of non-Buddhist religious practitioner.

Another name for the Jain religious tradition.

The Tibetan means “naked one,” and the Sanskrit “without possessions” or “without ties.” In Buddhist usage, a non-Buddhist religious mendicant who eschews clothing and possessions, often referring to Jains.

In Buddhist usage, non-Buddhist religious mendicants, often referring to Jains, who eschew clothing and possessions.

In Buddhist literature this term often refers to followers of the Jain religion, but it can also refer to members of any other “naked ascetic” order.

The Sanskrit term means “without possessions” or “without ties” and the Tibetan means “naked one(s).” In Buddhist usage, it refers to non-Buddhist religious mendicants, especially Jains, who eschew clothing and possessions.

A type of non-Buddhist religious mendicant who eschews clothing and possessions. Often considered another name for the early Jain tradition.

Non-Buddhist religious mendicants, often referring to Jains, who eschew clothing and possessions.

In Buddhist usage, a non-Buddhist religious mendicant, usually referring to Jains, who eschews clothing and possessions.

Followers of the teacher Nirgrantha Jñātiputra, a contemporary of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Usually understood to refer to Jains.

In Buddhist usage, a non-Buddhist religious mendicant, usually referring to Jains, who eschews clothing and possessions.

The Tibetan means “naked one,” and the Sanskrit “without possessions” or “without ties.” A nirgrantha is a non-Buddhist religious mendicant who eschews clothing and possessions, the term usually referring to Jains, including both ascetics and anyone otherwise following the tradition, such as householders.

Indian religious tradition established by Mahāvīra (ca. sixth century ʙᴄᴇ).

In Buddhist texts, a term often used to refer to the community around the Jain teacher Jñātiputra, but can refer to the Jain tradition generally. Their practices, as presented in Buddhist literature, focused on intense asceticism as a means to mitigate the consequences of past actions and on nonaction as a means to prevent future ramifications.

The Tibetan means “naked one,” and the Sanskrit “without possessions” or “without ties.” In Buddhist usage, a non-Buddhist religious mendicant who eschews clothing and possessions, often referring to Jains.

A certain class of Indian renunciants whose ascetic practice involves the eschewal of clothing.

A group of ascetics common in the Buddha’s time, widely believed to refer to the early Jain community.

Ascetic religious practitioners, usually referring to Jains.