A synonym for pretaloka, it is the realm of the dead or the ghosts, where Yama, the Lord of Death, rules and judges the dead. Yama is also said to rule over the hells. This is also the name of the Vedic afterlife inhabited by the ancestors (Skt. pitṛ). The Pali commentarial tradition, and possibly other early Buddhist schools, identified Yama’s domain (Pali yamavisaya) with the realm of the ghosts (Pali petaloka). The commentary on the Kuṇālajātaka (Jātaka no. 536), the Kuṇālajātakavaṇṇanā, divides the realm of ghosts into the abode of ghosts and the abode of the asuras called Kālakañcika (Petarājavisayanti petavisayañca kālakañcikaasuravisayañca).