One of the six teachers at the time of the Buddha.

One of the six outsider teachers.

Also known as the Mahāvīra, the founder of the Jaina sect.

One of the six philosophical extremists who lived during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.

See “Jñātiputra, the Nirgrantha.”

A leader of the Jain community, often identified as Mahāvīra, the twenty-fourth teacher of the Jain tradition. He appears frequently in Buddhist literature as an antagonist to Śākyamuni and his followers, revealing a simmering rivalry between the Buddhist and Jain communities.

One of the six tīrthika teachers contemporaneous with Śākyamuni. According to some, one and the same with Mahāvira, the last Tīrthaṅkara of the Jains.